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1.
大豆SSR检测体系的优化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以大豆为试材,研究了大豆SSR检测体系中PCR扩增的各主要成分对检测结果的影响,确立了适宜的退火温度和反应体积,改进了PCR扩增程序和银染方法,进一步优化了适用于大豆的SSR检测体系.优化后的SSR反应体系为:10×Buffer 1.00μL、2.00 ng/μL模板DNA、0.15μmol/L SSR引物、150.00μmol/L dNTPs、0.50 U Taq酶、2.00mmol/L Mg2 ,加ddH20至终体积10.00μL.优化的PCR扩增程序为:94℃预变性3 min;94℃变性25s,47℃退火25s,72℃延伸30s,共35个循环;72℃延伸5min,4℃保存.优化后的检测体系更为经济有效. 相似文献
2.
为了建立显性多子房小麦RAPD反应的最佳体系,保证反应结果的稳定性和可靠性,降低反应成本,在相同PCR扩增程序(94℃预变性5min,94℃变性1min,36℃退火1min,72℃延伸2min,45个循环,72℃延伸10min,4℃保存)下,对多子房小麦基因组DNA的RAPD扩增体系各参数进行比较筛选,创建其最佳反应体系为:25μl反应体系中,模板DNA50ng,10×PCR缓冲液2.5μl,dNTPs0.2mmol/L,Taq酶1u,Mg2+浓度为2.0mmol/L,ddH2O12.17μl,随机引物10ng。 相似文献
3.
甜菜ISSR-PCR反应体系的优化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以甜菜基因组DNA为模板,研究了ISSR的主要影响因素,建立一套适宜于甜菜的ISSR优化反应体系及程序,并对该优化体系进行了验证.实验结果表明:①优化的ISSR扩增的反应体系为:20μL的反应体积中包括2.5mmol/L MgCl2,0.25mmol/L dNTPs,1.5U Taq DNA聚合酶,0.5μmol/L引物,10×PCR Buffer 2μL,100ng DNA模板.②优化的PCR扩增条件为:94℃预变性3min,然后94℃变性30s,45℃退火30s,72℃延伸1min,35个循环后,72℃延伸5min.③利用优化的反应体系仅用1条引物就能将10份甜菜材料区分开. 相似文献
4.
目的确定药用人参最佳随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析方法。方法以药用人参新鲜叶为材料,研究对影响RAPD反应的各因素进行优化。结果药用人参RAPD反应体系及程序为:在25μL反应体系中,含40ng模板DNA,0.3μmol/L随机引物,0.2mmol/LdNTPs,2.5μL10×PCRBuffer,2.0UTaq酶;扩增程序为:第一步94℃预变性2min,第二步94℃变性1min,第三步36℃退火45s,第四步72℃延伸90s,返回至第二步重复40个循环,第六步72℃延伸10min,最后4℃保存以备电泳。结论建立了人参RAPD的优化反应体系及程序。 相似文献
5.
为探索甘薯最佳TD-SSR-PCR体系,利用L16(43)正交设计研究2×PCR Mix、引物、模板DNA等主要影响因素的适宜浓度,并在此基础上对扩增程序和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上样量进行优化。结果表明,优化后的TD-SSR-PCR反应体系包括:10μL 2×PCR Mix、100 ng模板DNA、0.4μmol/L引物,1μL甘油,总体积20μL;优化后的扩增程序为:94℃预变性4 min,94℃变性45 s、Tm+5℃~Tm-5℃(每循环退火温度下降0.5℃,Tm选用一对引物中的较小Tm值)退火30 s(退火时间因扩增片段大小而异)、72℃延伸1 min共20个循环,94℃变性45 s、Tm-5℃退火30 s、72℃延伸1 min共15个循环,最后72℃延伸7 min,4℃保存;聚丙烯酰胺电泳上样量以1.5~2μL为宜。在此条件下,利用引物Z37对10份甘薯材料进行PCR扩增,得到的条带清晰、多态性高,表明此条件适用于甘薯的TD-SSR-PCR反应体系。 相似文献
6.
以假臭草叶片为材料，对影响其随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)反应的各因素进行优化，建立了假臭草RAPD的优化反应体系和程序，即在10 μL反应体系中，5 ng(/10 μL)模板DNA，1.0 μmol/L随机引物F15，150 μmol/L dNTPs，2.0 mmol/L Mg2+，1.0 U Taq DNA聚合酶；扩增程序为95℃预变性4 min，95℃变性40 s，36℃退火40 s，72℃延伸1 min，10个循环，后94℃变性30 s，35℃退火30 s，72℃延伸1 min，35个循环，72℃ 相似文献
7.
以荷花叶片提取的基因组DNA为材料,通过对影响ISSR—PCR扩增效果的一些因素,如dNTPs浓度、Mg2＋浓度、TαDNA聚合酶用量、引物用量、模板DNA用量以及退火温度等进行筛选和优化,确立了可用于荷花ISSR—PCR分析的最适宜的PCR反应体系：20μL PCR反应体积含O．4mmol·L-1 dNTPs、3．5mmol·L-1Mg2＋、1．5U TαqDNA聚合酶、0．4μmol·μL-1引物、3ng模板DNA。PCR扩增程序为：94℃预变性2min,94oC变性30s,54．5℃退火30s,72℃延伸1min,45个循环,最后72℃延伸7min,置4℃保存。应用该ISSR体系对6份荷花种质进行了扩增,证实了该体系的适用性和稳定性。 相似文献
8.
本文以嫩芽和鲜叶为材料,建立了十里香茶高效、微量基因组DNA提取方法,提取的DNAOD260/280在1.7～2.0之间,DNA产率在81.8～483.5 ng/mg之间,能够满足RPAD的需要。同时建立了十里香茶RAPD分子标记方法,25μL PCR反应体系中包含:50 ng DNA模板,1.2μL引物,2.5μL 10×PCR Buffer,2.5μL 25 mMMgCl2,2μL 10 mM dNTP,14.8μL ddH2 O1,U Taq聚合酶。PCR扩增程序为94℃预变性3 min,94℃变性1 min,36℃退火1 min 20 s,72℃延伸2 min4,0个循环后72℃延伸10 min。15个RAPD随机引物以十里香1号DNA为模板,分别扩增出1～7条带。 相似文献
9.
以巨竹叶片提取的基因组DNA为材料,用引物UBC810（序列为GAGAGAGAGAGAGAGAT）研究了PCR反应体系的主要成分、退火温度及循环次数对该种植物ISSR扩增结果的影响。结果表明,20μL的反应体系含40ng模板DNA、0．6μmol·L^-1引物,1．0UTaqDNA聚合酶,2．5mmol·L^-1 Mg^2＋,0．25mmol·L^-1dNTPs,1×Buffer。PCR扩增程序为：94℃预变性5min;94℃变性45s,54．5℃复性30S,70℃延伸90S,循环40次;72℃延伸10min,置4c℃保存。 相似文献
10.
通过单因子、双因子实验研究了胡椒ISSR-PCR反应体系中热参数和5个主要成分,即退火温度、循环数、变性时间、退火时间、延伸时间以及Mg2+、dNTPS、引物、模板DNA、Taq DNA聚合酶对扩增结果的影响,建立了适合胡椒ISSR分析的反应体系和扩增程序,即在25 μL反应体系中,内含2 mmol/L Mg2+、200 μmol/L dNTPS、1×PCR Buffer、2 μmol/L引物、100 ng模板、1 U Taq DNA聚合酶。扩增程序为94℃预变性3 min, 94℃变性120 s,复性60 s,72℃延伸 3 min,循环35个,结束后72℃延伸7 min。这一优化体系的建立为今后利用ISSR标记技术进行胡椒种质鉴定、遗传多样性分析奠定了基础。 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
17.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
18.
Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献
19.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献