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1.
Season appears to influence the physiology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). From 2000 to 2005, blood parameters of three captive bottlenose dolphins housed in northern Italy were examined to determine if seasonal variation was present. Seasonal variation was observed in the male dolphins, with both males exhibiting aminotransferase levels that were higher in autumn and lower in winter. Mean serum creatinine levels were higher during summer and lower during autumn in the adult male, and mean lactate dehydrogenase higher during summer and lower during spring in the juvenile male. Both males exhibited red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels that were higher during autumn and lower during summer. This study contributes to the knowledge of baseline hematologic and biochemical values based on seasonality in bottlenose dolphins. 相似文献
2.
Terasawa F Kitamura M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(3):341-344
In this study values for total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured in 110 blood samples taken from 360 days pre-partum to 90 days post-partum in ten parturitions of six bottlenose dolphins, and in 75 blood samples when the dolphins were not pregnant as a control group. The average total cholesterol values in the second, third and fourth stages and in the puerperium were significantly higher than the average value of the control group by 11.0%, 30.2%, 19.3% and 13.4% respectively. The average triglycerides values for the third and fourth stages and in the puerperium were also significantly higher than those in the control group by 59.7%, 84.3%, and 42.1% respectively. 相似文献
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4.
Peixoto JV Paula TA Balarini MK Matta SL Santos JA Lima CB Peixoto GV 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2012,41(4):248-255
In this experiment, testicle fragments of 14 adult White-eyed Parakeets (Aratinga leucophthalma) were evaluated as for their seasonal reproductive activities using the following quantitative parameters: average thickness of the testicular tunica albuginea, volumetric proportion of tubular and extratubular compartments, average diameter of the seminiferous tubules and corporal weight. Parameters were created for qualitative evaluations of the degree of spermatogenic development. In this experiment, all the animals were distributed into four groups, and their testicular fragments were collected during the middle of summer, fall, winter and spring. The animals were submitted to volatile general anaesthesia, and a biopsy was made by celioscopy. The fragments collected were processed histologically. The slides were prepared and later evaluated by using an optical microscope. The average seasonal values of the corporal weight increased, starting in the winter and reaching the peak during the spring. A seasonal testicle cycle was observed, because, in the spring, the testicles showed values for the quantitative and qualitative parameters of spermatic production compatible with the period of greater activity, while the opposite thing happened during the fall. Our data indicate that the parameters of sperm production may be correlated with daily light rather than with air humidity. 相似文献
5.
Magnesium concentration was investigated in the blood plasma and urine of 3460 cows in the course of four green-feeding seasons and four winter feeding seasons in 1980 to 1984. A decrease in the magnesium content in blood plasma was found to intensify in the last six weeks of gravidity. In the first stage of lactation the magnesium concentrations of plasma begin to grow to reach a relative maximum in the cows in the second stage of lactation. These regularities apply to both the summer and winter feeding seasons. The magnesium content in urine has a similar pattern. The summer values of the magnesiemia of whole cow populations are significantly higher than the winter values. Tendencies to lower magnesium concentrations generally prevail in both blood plasma and urine; these tendencies are most conspicuous in the cows in the last six weeks to parturition. As a rule, the concentrations of magnesium in urine were lower in summer than in the season of winter feed rations. As for the contents of the blood plasma magnesium of the cow populations as well as individual cows, there are considerable differences between various stages but the trends are the same in all groups. In the green feeding season the range of fluctuation of the magnesiemia values is larger than in the winter feeding season. The same tendency of changes in individual groups was also recorded in the magnesium concentrations in the urine of cows in different stages. However, the direction of the changes did not always correspond to the direction of the changes in the blood plasma. A practical requirement has been derived from the results of the study that magnesium contents should be increased in the feed rations given to high-pregnant cows and cows in the first lactation. 相似文献
6.
Occurrence and diversity of Eimeria species in two groups of indigenous South African goats kept under traditional management systems, as well as in a mixed herd of Saanen, indigenous and crossbred goats kept under an intensive management system were examined. Infection rates ranged from 88.7 to 100% in the various groups. Mean OPG of immature goats (< 1 year old) exceeded that of adult goats at all three sites. There was no consistent difference between adult OPG counts at the three sites. Under the intensive system, adult crossbred goats had significantly higher OPG counts than adult Saanen or indigenous goats. Overall, OPG counts of immature goats were significantly higher during the dry season (winter) than during the wet season (summer). Ten Eimeria species were identified, Eimeria arloingi being the most prevalent species at all three sites, followed by Eimeria hirci. Up to seven Eimeria species were recovered from individual specimens. 相似文献
7.
Carfentanil citrate was given orally to five adult brown bears (Ursus arctos) on 14 separate occasions during the winter and summer to determine effective anesthetic dosages and how season may alter these dosages. Lower blood urea nitrogen:creatinine ratios, depressed appetite, and decreased activity levels in the winter versus summer were reflective of different metabolic states, even though bears were not hibernating in the winter. Doses of carfentanil citrate between 6.0 and 15.2 microg/kg were mixed with 5-10 ml of honey, which the bears licked voluntarily from a spoon. During each anesthetization, respiratory and heart rates, hemoglobin saturation, temperature, electrocardiogram, blood gas values, and level of consciousness were monitored and utilized to determine effective dosages. Mean (+/- SE) dose requirements in the winter were 7.6 +/- 0.4 microg/kg, whereas a greater mean dose of 12.7 +/- 0.5 microg/kg was required in the summer (P < 0.05). After ingestion began, sternal recumbency occurred in an average of 7.5 min (range: 4-11 min), and full restraint and safe handling was achieved in 21 min (range: 8-40 min). At the end of each procedure, naltrexone was given as the reversal agent at a ratio of 100 mg naltrexone per 1 mg carfentanil, with 25% of the dose given i.v. or i.m. and 75% given s.c. Mean reversal time was 6 min after injection of naltrexone (range: 4-9 min). Rapid induction and recovery times and ease of oral administration make carfentanil citrate an effective anesthetic agent for use in brown bears. However, hypoventilation and respiratory acidosis were noted in all bears, and oxygen insufflation is recommended. 相似文献
8.
梅花鹿瘤胃原虫、pH值年周期变化的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了研究梅花鹿瘤胃内原虫、ｐＨ值年周期变化,选用４头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年梅花公鹿,对它们在生茸期及休闲期瘤胃内原虫数及ｐＨ值的变化作了系统研究与讨论。试验结果表明：生茸期采食前与采食后１小时和３小时之间原虫数变化不显著（Ｐ＞００５）。梅花鹿原虫生茸期与休闲期变化显著,其中夏季极显著地高于秋、冬、春３季（Ｐ＜００１）,冬、春两季显著高于秋季（Ｐ＜００５）。冬、春两季间原虫数变化不显著（Ｐ＞００５）。鹿生茸期不同时间点间ｐＨ值采食前极显著地高于采食后１小时和采食后３小时（Ｐ＜００１）,鹿个体间同一采样时间ｐＨ值均无显著差异（Ｐ＞００５）。鹿瘤胃ｐＨ值季度变化中,春季ｐＨ值显著地高于夏、秋、冬３季（Ｐ＜００５）,夏、秋、冬３季之间变化不显著（Ｐ＞００５）。 相似文献
9.
Carla C Machado Luis F N Silva Paulo R R Ramos Regina K Takahira 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2006,37(4):487-491
As ectothermic animals, snakes depend exclusively on the environment for proper temperature maintenance, which may greatly influence their activity. Twenty-five adult Boa constrictor amarali snakes maintained in captivity were used to determine the influence of seasons on their hematologic values and electrophoretic profile of hemoglobin. A complete blood cell count (CBC) and examination for hemoparasites were performed in the summer and winter of 2004. Hemoglobin was stored for later electrophoresis. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were obtained in RBC, WBC, lymphocyte, thrombocyte, and monocyte counts, demonstrating the importance of the period of the year in the interpretation of reference values in these animals. Two snakes were detected with blood parasites (Hepatozoon sp.) in the winter and four in the summer, although it appears that their presence did not cause any significant alterations in the CBC. The electrophoretic analysis of the samples demonstrated two-four hemoglobin bands in this species. 相似文献
10.
Seasonal differences in progesterone production by luteinized bovine thecal and granulosa cells 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wolfenson D Sonego H Bloch A Shaham-Albalancy A Kaim M Folman Y Meidan R 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2002,22(2):81-90
This study examined seasonal differences in progesterone (P4) production by granulosa cells (GC) and thecal cells (TC) that were luteinized in vitro during the winter or the summer; it also compared plasma P4 concentrations of lactating dairy cows in the two seasons. First-wave dominant follicles obtained from Holstein cows were dissected on day 6 of the cycle, GC and TC were separated, enzymatically dispersed, and cultured for 9 days in media containing 1% fetal calf serum, forskolin (10 micromol/mL) and insulin (2 microg/mL), to induce cell luteinization. All experimental procedures were identical and characteristics of the follicles were similar in the two seasons. During 9 days of culture, P4 production by luteinized GC was higher in winter than in summer, but the difference only tended to be significant. In contrast, luteinized TC produced three times as much P4 in winter as in summer (324 versus 100 ng/10(5)cells). In the in vivo experiment, P4 concentrations in plasma collected during entire estrous cycles in winter and summer were compared. The cows were, on average, at 70 days postpartum and yielded similar amounts of milk. Concentrations of progesterone in plasma were significantly higher in winter than in summer; during the mid-luteal phase the difference between the two seasons was 1.5 ng/mL. These results indicate that chronic effects of heat-stress are possibly carried over from an impaired follicle to an impaired corpus luteum (CL), and that luteinized TC are more susceptible to heat-stress than luteinized GC. 相似文献
11.
Karg G Bilkei G 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2002,49(10):464-468
The objective of this field trial was to determine if vaccination against Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5 (HPS 5) and pathogenic serotypes of Escherichia coli would improve nursery pig performance in an outdoor unit in different seasons. The unit was concurrently infected with HPS 5 and with different serotypes of E. coli. All piglets were born to HPS 5 vaccinated sows. The trial was carried out in four (two summer and two winter) groups. Group 1 (E. coli and HPS vaccinated, summer season) (n = 362): Piglets were vaccinated pre-weaning with inactivated E. coli-VT2e-toxin and post-weaning against HPS 5. Group 2 (non-vaccinated, summer season) (n = 349): Piglets were not vaccinated. Group 3 (E. coli and HPS vaccinated, winter season) (n = 358): The animals were analogously treated as Group 1. Group 4 (non-vaccinated, winter season) (n = 353): Piglets were not vaccinated. The following parameters were evaluated: A: average daily nursery weight gain (ADG), B: nursery mortality, C: feed efficiency (FE). No significant weight differences were detected within the vaccinated and non-vaccinated summer or winter raised groups of weaners. Summer raised weaners were significantly (P<0.05) heavier from day 35 on than winter raised animals. ADG and FE of summer raised pigs were significantly better (weeks 1-3 P<0.05; fourth week post-weaning P<0.01) during the nursery period than that of the winter raised groups. Winter raised vaccinated weaners showed during the last week of nursing significantly (P<0.05) better daily gain and feed efficiency compared with the non-vaccinated winter raised animals. Non-significant ADG and FE differences were detectable between the summer raised vaccinated or non-vaccinated groups of pig. Winter raised non-vaccinated animals suffered significantly (P<0.05) higher nursery mortality (10.63%) compared to the winter raised vaccinated animals. Implication: In cases of concurrent infections with HPS 5 and with different serotypes of E. coli, especially during winter season, vaccination against both diseases is suggested. 相似文献
12.
季节因素对真代谢能法测定鸡饲料氨基酸消化率影响的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文分别在夏季(平均温度22℃,光照15小时)和秋季(平均温度12℃,光照12小时)采用Sibbalcl“真代谢能法”测定了菜籽饼、棉仁粕、豆饼和豆粕的氨基酸利用率和鸡内源氨基酸排泄量。结果表明,试鸡夏季内源氨基酸排泄量显著高于秋季(P<0.01)。4种饲料样品氨基酸平均表观消化率夏季测定值分别为57.0,67.6,70.7,87.8;秋季测定值分别为70.4,75.4,72,4,91.9。菜籽饼、棉仁粕和豆粕氨基酸消化率夏季测定位显著低于秋季测定值(P<0.05)。4种饲料平均真氨基酸消化率夏季测定值分别为63.6,74.1,75.8,91.1;秋季测定值分别为72.7,79.1,74.2,93.4。夏季测定值除豆饼外,仍低于秋季测定值,但除菜籽饼外,差异不显著(P>0.01)。因此,在进行鸡饲料氨基酸利用率测定时,有必要考虑温度和光照的季节影响因素。 相似文献
13.
Two adult bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were individually housed in aboveground pools over a 10-day period and exposed to decreasing water temperatures to determine whether cold stress activated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. To serve as controls, two additional adult dolphins were similarly housed for the same duration but at ambient water temperatures (16.8-19.6 degrees C). Across all subjects, water temperatures ranged from 4.2 to 19.6 degrees C. Voluntary blood draws were made from each dolphin every 2-3 days, and serum was analyzed via radioimmunoassay for cortisol and aldosterone. Dolphins exposed to cold water showed an increase in serum cortisol and aldosterone as temperature declined; at the coldest water exposure, cortisol was more than three times and aldosterone more than two times the levels measured at ambient temperature. Elevations occurred before the water temperature declined below the individual animal's lower critical temperature, the point at which the metabolic rate increases to compensate for the loss of body heat. Variations in corticosteroids were unrelated to the 10-day isolation period, suggesting that the response was related to the cold stress and not impacted by the isolation. Elevations in cortisol and aldosterone were lower than those observed in force captured and stranded dolphins. Although potentially related to the general adaptive stress response, elevations in cortisol and aldosterone may have other adaptive functions related to mitigating impacts resulting from cold environmental temperatures. 相似文献
14.
On investigation of beta-carotene levels in the blood plasma of 9193 cows in the first and second phases of lactation, and in the eight, ninth months, and to the tenth mid-month of their pregnancy showed the same dynamics in beta-carotinaemia development in all groups, with a wave-like tendency to decrease. The lowest beta-carotene values were recorded during the 1985-1986 winter season and in the following 1986 summer season. Beta-carotene levels also remained low during the subsequent winter and summer feeding season. Different beta-carotene concentrations in the blood plasma were repeatedly found in the phases of lactation reproduction cycle. Increases in the milk production and deteriorated reproduction indicators were recorded in the cows at the time of a steep decrease in beta-carotene concentrations in the blood plasma. The causes of decreasing beta-carotene concentrations in the cow blood plasma are discussed. 相似文献
15.
为了研究甘南碌曲和合作地区冬夏季节高寒天然牧草的生产特性、营养成分和饲用价值,试验通过化学分析法结合牧草品质评定预测公式,采用对比试验设计,试验处理为4种来自甘南碌曲和合作的夏季和冬季牧草,分别记为碌曲夏季牧草、碌曲冬季牧草、合作夏季牧草、合作冬季牧草。结果表明,无论碌曲还是合作,夏季牧草粗蛋白(CP)、总磷(TP)含量和干物质采食量(DMI)、可消化干物质量(DDM)、粗饲料相对值(RFV)、有机物质消化率(OMD)以及产鲜草量总体上都显著高于冬季牧草(P<0.05),粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、纤维素(C)含量、钙磷比(Ca/TP)都显著低于冬季牧草(P<0.05)。合作冬季牧草的半纤维素(HC)、无氮浸出物(NFE)含量显著低于其他牧草(P<0.05),钙磷比(Ca/TP)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)含量显著高于碌曲牧草(P<0.05)。夏季时合作牧草干物质采食量(DMI)、粗饲料相对值(RFV)显著高于碌曲牧草(P<0.05)。这表明甘南高寒天然牧草的营养成分、生产特性、饲用价值夏季牧草明显优于冬季牧草,碌曲牧草优于合作牧草。 相似文献
16.
济宁青山羊不同季节血浆内褪黑素分泌规律的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了探讨济宁青山羊季节性发情的内分泌机理,本试验分别用放射性免疫法和免疫组织化学方法研究了济宁青山羊在春分、夏至、秋分和冬至时血浆内褪黑素的变化规律以及松果体细胞内5-羟色胺（5-HT）的含量变化。结果显示,血浆内褪黑素含量在午夜达到最大值,而在白天日中附近降到最小值,在夜间显著高于白天（P〈0．01）。褪黑素含量也存在明显的季节性变化,夏至时夜间的平均含量极显著高于其它3个季节（P〈0．01）,春分和秋分时差异不明显（P〉0．05）,但它们显著高于冬至时的夜间平均水平（P〈0．05）。白天血浆褪黑素含量在各个季节差异不显著（P〉0．05）。夏季5-羟色胺阳性细胞面积和占总面积比值都显著小于其它3个季节,冬季最大,春季和秋季差异不显著（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
17.
MacCallum AJ Knight CH Hendry KA Wilde CJ Logue DN Offer JE 《The Veterinary record》2002,151(10):285-289
Cell proliferation and protein synthesis (keratinisation) were measured in vitro in hoof biopsy samples taken from two groups of seven heifers, the first calving in the winter and the second in the summer. Both parameters were significantly higher in summer than in winter irrespective of the heifers' reproductive state. The mean (se) measure of the rate of protein synthesis was 199 (27) dpm/microg DNA/hour in summer and 4 (1) dpm/microg DNA/hour in winter, and the equivalent values for cell proliferation (measured as DNA synthesis) were 375 (56) dpm/microg DNA/hour and 17 (4) dpm/microg DNA/hour. Changes around parturition depended on the time of the year. In the winter-calving heifers, the rates of proliferation and keratinisation increased significantly after calving from 22.3 (7.2) to 70.4 (16.6) and from 2.1 (0.7) to 12.4 (2.8) dpm/microg DNA/hour, respectively. In the summer-calving heifers, proliferation decreased from 388.2 (91.0) to 66.7 (9.6) dpm/microg DNA/hour but the rate of keratinisation did not change. Lesion scores and locomotion scores deteriorated after parturition, especially in the winter-calving group. The hooves were harder in summer than winter but their hardness was not affected by the heifers' reproductive state. 相似文献
18.
Information is given on a long-term observation of gMT activities in the blood of cattle, aimed at using the results to interpret metabolic tests, especially tests of the function of liver. Dynamics of changes in the gMT activities was studied in the year seasons and the per cent activities in the decades (from 20 to 100 U per 1) in different groups of cows according to their reproduction cycle. In the part discussion relationships are given between the gMT activities and other findings obtained from metabolic tests. The average value of the gMT activities in the blood of a reference group of cows was 30.7 U per 1. The standard deviation was 7.01 U per 1. Reference limits for the gMT activities in the bovine blood serum - 16.7 to 44.7 U per 1 (95% interval of confidence) could be determined by a parametric statistical method. Average deviations of the gMT activities from those in the reference group of cows, expressed in histogram units J, ranged from 0.03 to 1.07 J after a long-term observation in particular calendar months. The maximum positive deviations were observed in January, June, July, November and they indicate the risk period, in August and September the values nearly approached those in the reference group of cows. The maximum positive deviation of the metabolic test amounted to 6.8 J (January). There were eight metabolic tests with the deviation greater than 1 J during the observation, two in the summer period (May--October) and six in the winter period (November-April). In cows after calving and in the first half of gravidity the gMT activities were most frequently in the decade 30.5-40.0 U per 1, and in highly pregnant cows in the decade 20.5-30.0 U per 1. 相似文献
19.
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different rearing conditions of indoor and outdoor in winter and summer on growth performance and immune function of Heijiao MA chicken.In the winter and summer, 180 Heijiao MA chicken with the age of 35-day-old were chosen and randomly divided into two groups with three replicates per group and 30 chickens per replicate.The Heijiao MA chicken were reared at outdoor and indoor, respectively, and at 49, 63, 77, 91 days the immune organ indexes, serum antibody titers and growth performance were measured.The results showed that:①Whether it was winter or summer, the body weight of Heijiao MA chicken rearing at indoor were higher than that of outdoor, and the difference was significant at experimental stages in winter (P<0.05).There was significant difference only at 77 days old of Heijiao MA chicken in summer (P<0.05), the rest were not significant (P>0.05);②The ADG of outdoor group in summer was higher than that in winter, while the F/G of outdoor group in summer were significantly lower than that in winter (P<0.05).The ADFI and ADG of indoor group were not significantly different between winter and summer (P>0.05).③On immune function, immune organ indexes and ND antibody titer of Heijiao MA chicken of indoor group in winter were higher than outdoor group, while part of immune organ indexes, AI (H5) and ND antibody titers of outdoor group in summer were higher than that of indoor group;And ND and AI (H5) antibody titers in winter were higher than summer.In conclusion, The climate and season were major factors to influence the growth performance and immune function of Heijiao MA chicken. 相似文献
20.
为探究不同季节室内、外饲养方式对黑脚麻鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响,本试验在冬季、夏季各选用180只35日龄的黑脚麻鸡雌雏,随机分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只,分别进行室外放养和室内平养。在49、63、77、91日龄分别对黑脚麻鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数和血清抗体效价进行测定。结果显示,①无论是冬季还是夏季,试验期室内平养的黑脚麻鸡体重均大于室外放养,冬季两试验组均差异显著(P<0.05),夏季仅在77日龄时差异显著(P<0.05),其余日龄差异均不显著(P>0.05);②夏季室外放养组黑脚麻鸡平均日增重(ADG)高于冬季室外放养组,料重比(F/G)显著低于冬季室外放养组(P<0.05),而室内平养组平均日采食量(ADFI)和ADG在两个季节间无显著差异(P>0.05);③在免疫功能上,冬季室内平养黑脚麻鸡免疫器官指数和新城疫(ND)抗体效价均大于室外放养组,而夏季室外放养组部分免疫器官指数和禽流感H5亚型(AI(H5))、ND抗体效价高于室内平养组;冬季两种抗体效价均高于夏季。综上所述,气候和季节是影响放养黑脚麻鸡生长性能及免疫功能的主要因素。 相似文献