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以3个不同抽薹类型的普通白菜品种为试材,采用低温处理萌动种子+低温长日照处理幼苗,模拟低温长日照春化过程,研究不同春化天数对普通白菜营养体、抽薹开花和种子质量的影响。结果表明,早抽薹、中等抽薹和晚抽薹类型普通白菜植株开展度最大的处理分别是最小处理的17.1、6.3、6.5倍,单株质量最大的处理分别是最小处理的5.6、2.8、2.9倍;随着春化天数的增加,3种抽薹类型的开花时间均明显提前,最早开花日期比最晚开花分别提早了54、39、36 d。早抽薹类型20-20处理和中等抽薹类型20-25处理的平均单株种子质量和发芽率较优。通过调整抽薹开花期及采籽期,将育种加代环节与正常育种周期完整衔接,创建了浙南地区普通白菜一年二代的育种加代技术。 相似文献
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以"胭脂红1号"萝卜为试材,在人工光照培养箱内对萝卜幼苗进行6个不同的昼夜温差处理(白天5℃/夜间5℃;白天10℃/夜间5℃;白天15℃/夜间5℃;白天20℃/夜间5℃;白天15℃/夜间10℃;白天15℃/夜间15℃),研究了萝卜最适宜的低温春化和抽薹的条件,以期为萝卜加代繁殖或防止萝卜先期抽薹提供参考依据。结果表明:不同昼夜温差和春化处理时间,对萝卜的抽薹、现蕾和开花的影响差异显著,低温昼夜温差春化处理可促进萝卜抽薹、现蕾、开花以及植株花芽分化,还可以促进腋芽萌发成枝,处理时间越长促进作用越明显。白天10℃/夜间5℃、处理18d是"胭脂红1号"萝卜最适宜的低温春化和抽薹条件。低温抑制了植株的营养生长,春化处理时间越长,腋芽越容易萌发成枝,但随着开花结荚,花荚的质量明显降低,花薹相对矮小,对萝卜的茎粗、最大叶长叶宽的抑制作用也愈加明显。该研究结果可为控制萝卜抽薹开花、提高萝卜产量和品质提供理论依据。 相似文献
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两年生或一年生冬性蔬菜作物的加代繁殖中春化是其关键的一步。而对于种子春化而言，适宜的温度和湿度是保证春化顺利完成的前提条件。如操作不当，一方面会使种子春化不完全，加代繁殖中植株不能正常抽薹开花，从而影响到加代繁殖的产量和质量，另一方面若条件控制不严，种子萌芽过快，胚根迅速伸长，这将增加以后播种的困难。因此，制定适宜的春化操作规程至关重要。现以不结球白菜为例，介绍一种简易有效的种子春化方法。 相似文献
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两年生或一年生冬性蔬菜作物的加代繁殖中春化是其关键的一步。而对于种子春化而言,适宜的温度和湿度是保证春化顺利完成的前提条件。如操作不当,一方面会使种子春化不完全，加代繁殖中植株不能正常抽薹开花，从而影响到加代繁殖的产量和质量,另一方面若条件控制不严，种子萌芽过快，胚根迅速伸长，这将增加以后播种的困难。因此,制定适宜的春化操作规程至关重要。现以不结球白菜为例，介绍一种简易有效的种子春化方法。首先，将选好的种子用自来水洗净，然后浸种4h（小时）。待种子充分吸水后，转移至9㎝口径的培养皿中，依种子的大小确定… 相似文献
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萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)属十字花科根茎类蔬菜,在春季栽培中极易通过低温春化而抽薹开花。该研究以樱桃萝卜为试材,研究了低温春化对其种子萌发及抽薹开花的影响。结果表明:春化处理能够有效提高种子活力,促进种子萌发。低温春化时间越长,萝卜现蕾、抽薹及开花所需的时间就越短。成花过程中樱桃萝卜的可溶性蛋白质含量、叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在盛花期之前逐渐升高,之后逐渐下降。盛花期,春化处理20d的可溶性蛋白质含量、POD活性、CAT活性均显著高于处理5d的。丙二醛(MDA)含量随着开花进程逐渐上升,春化时间的长短对叶绿素含量和MDA含量无显著影响。成花过程中可溶性糖含量变化不显著,但在现蕾期和抽薹期,春化处理20d的可溶性糖含量显著高于处理5d。成花过程中,玉米素(ZT)含量逐渐降低,20d处理的ZT含量显著高于5d处理。吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量随着抽薹开花逐渐升高,但5d和20d处理之间没有显著差异。该试验说明,樱桃萝卜抽薹开花与可溶性蛋白质含量、POD活性、CAT活性、MDA含量、ZT含量、IAA含量等的变化相关,春化时间长短在一定程度上影响上述指标。 相似文献
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白萝卜属于喜凉型蔬菜,在每年的7～9月出现明显的生产和市场供应淡季。河北省坝上高原地区具有得天独厚的冷凉气候条件,可在5月中旬～7月上旬播种,进行错季性生产。但在生产实践中,由于菜农对白萝卜的生长特性不甚了解,抽薹现象常有发生,使菜农深受其害。1白萝卜抽薹特性白萝卜属于种子春化型作物,即白萝卜需要经过低温春化阶段才能抽薹开花。如果种子在萌发出苗阶段处于较高的温度就不会抽薹。目前国内主栽的白萝卜品种完成春化作用所需的低温差别很大。根据不同品种抽薹的温度界限值可将其大致分为三种类型。第一种是温感反应迟钝型,如长… 相似文献
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以100个大白菜品种的高代自交系为试验材料,研究了种芽春化和绿体春化两种春化方式对大白菜现蕾时间、开花时间的影响。结果表明:种芽春化处理的100个大白菜品种的平均现蕾时间、开花时间比绿体春化处理分别提前了15.0d和11.5d。其中春泉大种芽春化不能使其现蕾和开花,而绿体春化则可以使其现蕾,这可能是因为参与两种春化方式调控的分子机制不同。不同冬性的大白菜品种在两种春化处理方式下,其现蕾时间、开花时间的变化趋势一致,说明两种春化方式对大白菜不同品种的影响具有通用性和一致性。 相似文献
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J. Craigon J. G. Atherton E. A. Basher 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):547-554
Rates of bolting and flowering in carrots cv. Chantenay Red Cored, measured as the reciprocals of days to first internode visibility and flower bud appearance respectively, were shown to relate linearly to a thermal time of vernalization derived from data obtained in controlled environments. Days elapsed from the end of vernalization to the start of visible bolting and flowering bore a curved relationship to thermal time of vernalization. The model curves also predicted closely the bolting and flowering responses of carrots to vernalization at different temperatures in controlled environments and under markedly different conditions in the field. Time taken from the end of vernalization to flowering and bolting decreased with increasing thermal time of vernalization, particularly between ca. 110 and 400°Cd. Vernalization beyond 400°Cd had less effect on the timing of these processes. The percentage of plants flowering increased asymptotically with increasing thermal time of vernalization up to ca. 400°Cd whereas shoot extension increased linearly up to ca. 650°Cd. 相似文献
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羽衣甘蓝经过春化后温度升高时即可抽薹开花,即使剪去花茎也会影响到其观赏效果。为抑制羽衣甘蓝抽薹,延长植株观赏期,需要筛选适宜的生长调节剂喷施方案,通过在羽衣甘蓝不同生长时期喷施不同浓度的比久(B9)、多效唑(PP333)、矮壮素(CCC)、青鲜素(MH)等生长调节剂,对比分析喷施处理后羽衣甘蓝的抽薹数量、花薹高度、开花及观赏性等情况。结果表明:在薹高0.5 cm左右喷施3 000～4 000 mg/L MH可起到显著抑制抽薹开花的效果,但对于叶片色彩艳丽的品种,喷施MH后会使转色叶片褪色而降低观赏性。 相似文献
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橘红心大白菜球心色由1对隐性等位基因控制,其子叶颜色、花色的遗传与球心色的遗传表现一致,可以作为橘红心大白菜的形态标记性状在转育中使用。本试验在转育抗根肿病橘红心大白菜核基因雄性不育系的过程中比较了球心色法、子叶法和花色法在不同条件下筛选抗根肿病橘红心雄性不育系的特点。结果表明：无论是种子春化处理还是非种子春化处理,子叶法在子叶展开时就可以筛选到橘红心性状,得到抗根肿病橘红心植株需要抗性筛选的株数最少,耗用根肿菌菌土量最少。可以说,子叶法转育抗根肿病橘红心雄性不育系适用范围广、工作强度小,是3种方法中最理想的方法,利用此方法可以简化抗根肿病橘红心大白菜雄性不育系的转育进程。 相似文献
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A. Yamasaki H. Miura K. Tanaka 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):645-650
SummaryTo control the bolting of Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) photoperiodically, the effect of photoperiods before, during and after vernalization on flower initiation and development and the varietal differences were investigated using the two mid-season flowering cvs Kincho and Asagi-kujo, and a late-season flowering cv. Cho-etsu. A long-day photoperiod (LD, 16 h) given before vernalization inhibited flower initiation. Especially, the bolting rate of ‘Asagi-kujo’ decreased by about a half, compared with the short-day photoperiod (SD, 8 h). The interaction between the effect of night temperature (3°C, 7°C, 11°C or 15°C) and the effect of the photoperiod (SD and LD) during vernalization was also investigated. In ‘Kincho’, LD did not affect flower initiation at 3°C, but inhibited flower initiation at 7°C, 11°C and 15°C. In ‘Asagi-kujo’, flower initiation was significantly inhibited by LD under all temperature conditions. This inhibitory effect was stronger at 11°C and 15°C than at 3°C and 7°C. In ‘Cho- etsu’, LD significantly inhibited flower initiation at 3°C and 7°C, and flower initiation rarely occurred at 11°C and 15°C. In this study, generally, LD during vernalization inhibited flower initiation in all cultivars. Thus Japanese bunching onion required a short-day photoperiod in flower initiation, which was stronger in ‘Asagi-kujo’ and ‘Cho-etsu’ than in ‘Kincho’. From these results, we conclude that low temperature and a short-day photoperiod complementarily induce flower initiation in Japanese bunching onion. Varietal differences exist in the requirement of low temperature and a short-day photoperiod: the primary requirement in ‘Kincho’ is low temperature and that in ‘Asagi-kujo’ is a short-day. After flower initiation, the early stage of flower development is day-neutral, and after the floret formation stage, a long-day photoperiod promotes flower development and elongation of the seedstalk. 相似文献
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SUMMARYPhotoperiods of 8 and 16 h during chilling at 5°C had no effect on bolting and macroscopic flower appearance in celery cv. New Dwarf White. Eight hour photoperiods during chilling however markedly increased the number of plants forming sessile flowers. Short photoperiods (8 h) after chilling decreased the proportion of young, but competent plants that bolted and flowered. Total darkness during chilling completely prevented any subsequent vernalization response either as bolting or as flowering. Reducing irradiance receipt by the plants during chilling from 85 to W m"2 (PAR) had no effect on their vernalization response. After chilling, a reduction in mean daily total irradiance in the glasshouse from 4.05 to 1.57 MJ m"2 d-1 had no effect on bolting and flowering. Confinement of competent plants to darkness for 4-8 d at 20°C just prior to chilling resulted in a highly significant delay (F>0.001) to bolting and reduced the number of plants flowering. Two days of darkness had no significant effect. The inhibitory effects of dark treatments prior to chilling was greater in plants chilled subsequently for six weeks than for nine weeks. 相似文献
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The influence of temperature, vernalization duration and photoperiods on the leaf number and beginning of bolting of Chinese cabbage was tested in growth chambers. An increasing effect of vernalization was indicated by decreasing leaf number and premature bolting. Sensitiveness for vernalization started with germination and remained constant with increasing plant age. During their development on mother plants, seeds were not vernalized.Inductive temperature ranged between 0 and 20°C. The necessary vernalization duration was lowest at 5–8°C. For slight vernalization effects one week was sufficient; for complete vernalization about 3 weeks were needed. To achieve the same effect, the necessary vernalization duration increased considerably at temperatures below 5°C, but increased only slightly at temperatures above 8°C.Long days promoted bolting when the temperature rose after incomplete vernalization. In constant low or high temperature, no photoperiodic effect was perceptible. 相似文献
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种子春化对不同品种大白菜当年现蕾和开花的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以3个夏大白菜品种催芽至露白的萌发种子为试材,在4℃的条件下进行不同的春化天数处理,研究不同品种和不同春化时间对大白菜当年现蕾和开花的影响。结果表明:同一品种春化时间越长,现蕾率和开花率越高;3个供试品种在春化处理时间相同时,现蕾率和开花率也有一定的差异,最佳春化时间均以25～35 d为佳。 相似文献