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地衣芽孢杆菌对马铃薯晚疫病菌的抑制作用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了明确地衣芽孢杆菌对马铃薯晚疫病菌的抑制作用,研究了地衣芽孢杆菌对马铃薯晚疫病菌菌丝生长、游动孢子释放、游动孢子萌发、孢子囊萌发产生芽管的抑制作用.结果表明:地衣芽孢杆菌对马铃薯晚疫病菌的菌丝生长、游动孢子释放和游动孢子萌发有明显的抑制作用,对菌丝生长的抑制作用,抑菌带平均宽度达到5.58 mm,在稀释度为101时地衣芽孢杆菌对游动孢子释放的抑制率高达86.11%,对游动孢子萌发的抑制率也达到了78.1%.但地衣芽孢杆菌对马铃薯晚疫病菌的孢子囊萌发产生芽管抑制作用较弱. 相似文献
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马铃薯晚疫病研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《耕作与栽培》2016,(2)
马铃薯晚疫病是马铃薯生产的主要病害之一,每年都有不同程度的发生和流行,已成为马铃薯产业发展的制约因素。文章重点介绍了马铃薯晚疫病菌生理小种与A2交配型测定、马铃薯晚疫病侵染机理、马铃薯晚疫病的防治及马铃薯晚疫病抗病基因等方面的研究进展。同时对马铃薯晚疫病提出建议及展望,这些对今后开展马铃薯晚疫病的研究和防治工作具有重要的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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河北、吉林两省马铃薯晚疫病菌对三种杀菌剂的敏感性测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用菌落直径法测定了河北省和吉林省部分马铃薯产区的晚疫病菌对嘧菌酯、精甲霜灵和甲霜灵的敏感性。结果表明两省被测的97个晚疫病菌株对嘧菌酯均表现为敏感。在被测的河北围场65株晚疫病菌株中,多数对精甲霜灵高抗,其中高抗、中抗和敏感比例分别为72.3%、26.2%和1.5%,而在被测的32株吉林长春菌株中,多数对精甲霜灵敏感,其中敏感、中抗和高抗菌株所占比例分别为81.3%、15.6%和3.1%。在被测的35株河北省围场县晚疫病菌对甲霜灵的敏感性中,所有菌株都为抗性菌株,并且高抗菌株占97.1%;而在18株吉林长春晚疫病菌株中,多数为敏感菌株,其中敏感、中抗和高抗比例分别为77.8%、16.7%和5.5%。研究还发现精甲霜灵和甲霜灵对部分高抗菌株具有刺激菌丝生长的作用 相似文献
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马铃薯晚疫病是毁灭性卵菌病害,对我国乃至全球的农业生产造成巨大的经济损失。本试验结合生物信息学分析、表达模式和功能验证,分析了LRR-RLK家族成员StEFR1调控晚疫病抗性的作用和潜在的调控机制。进化分析表明, StEFR1与拟南芥中功能已知的AtEFR序列相似度为53.9%。接种晚疫病菌3 d和elf18处理3 h,‘大西洋’离体叶片中StEFR1的表达分别上调至对照的1.87倍和2.31倍。瞬时过表达StEFR1的叶片受到晚疫病菌侵染时抗性增强,表现在叶片病斑面积较对照减小,而叶片细胞活性较对照增强。此外,与野生型相比,过表达StEFR1的叶片中3个PTI标记基因、SA和JA信号通路相关基因差异表达,且呈不同程度的显著上调,而ET信号通路相关基因的表达量无明显变化。综上所述, StEFR1参与晚疫病菌诱导的PTI抗性,且调控SA和JA激素信号相关基因的表达,对晚疫病起正调控作用。本文为深入研究StEFR1调控晚疫病免疫反应的分子机制奠定了基础,并为晚疫病分子育种研究提供重要参考。 相似文献
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<正>(接上期)7、马铃薯晚疫病菌群体遗传规律及病害综合防控技术体系建立单位名称:河北农业大学评价日期:2010.02.26评价单位名称:河北省科技成果转化服务中心在我国发现马铃薯晚疫病菌A2交配型,揭示了生理小种日趋复杂的主要原因,新生理小种不断出现,"超级小种"剧增,扩展速度加快,南方晚疫病菌群体比北方变异快,探明了 相似文献
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番茄晚疫病是危害番茄生产的重要病害之一。在我国开展番茄晚疫病菌致病性分化研究对番茄抗病品种选育和番茄晚疫病的综合防治意义重大。以往的研究结果表明,番茄晚疫病菌具有明显的生理小种分化现象,且致病性分化变异频繁。2001年,从北京地区采集并获得了一份番茄晚疫病新菌株,以番茄晚疫病菌的5个鉴别寄主品种为材料,采用苗期喷雾接种法对其致病性进行了研究。根据致病性表现初步得出结论,该菌株属于晚疫病生理小种T1.3。同时,利用该菌株对7份番茄一代杂种和10份育种材料接种鉴定表明,7份一代杂种品种均高度感病;而10份番茄育种材料中,7份表现感病或高感病,3份耐病。另外,在2份耐病品系和3份感病材料中均存在一定比例的抗病单株;而两个感病亲本杂交后,其F1抗性明显增强。可见,番茄晚疫病抗性并非简单的由单显性基因控制的遗传模式。 相似文献
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为了提高番茄晚疫病病原菌的菌落生长速度和产孢子数量,用佳木斯地区番茄晚疫病植株上分离、纯化的晚疫病病原菌,分别在不同培养基、pH、糖浓度、温度条件下培养,研究番茄晚疫病病原菌菌落生长和产孢子的最佳培养条件。结果表明,黑麦培养基最适宜菌落生长及产孢,最适菌落生长pH值为6.0~7.0,最适产孢子pH值为6.5,孢子生长的最适温度为20℃,培养基中添加蔗糖80 g/L时菌落生长快,产孢量大。 相似文献
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Under epiphytotic conditions for late blight in spring seasons, data were recorded on its intensity four times at 4 days intervals
from the start of the disease in the field, in 114 (19 females × 6 males) progenies and their parents planted in randomized
complete block design in the years 2005 and 2006. Regression and stepwise regression analysis showed that observations during
the rapidly increasing phase of disease between initial and last phase of disease are more important than the observations
at initial and last phase of the disease. Combining ability analysis on a sub-set of 68 progenies showed that the additive
component of genetic variance was more important than the non-additive component of variance in inheritance of quantitative
resistance to late blight. The per se performance of the parents does give an idea about their general combining ability (GCA).
However, selection of parents based on their GCA will be very useful for breeding for quantitative resistance to late blight.
Parents JX 90, JF 4841, CP 3356, CP 1358, CP 3290, JN 1197 and CP 3125 were found to have good GCA for quantitative resistance
for late blight and the best six crosses for late bilght resistance based on mean performance involved parents with good combining
ability only. 相似文献
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Richard Nyankanga Willy Kiplagat Rama Narla Solomon Shibairo Jackson Kabira Juan Landeo Modesto Olanya 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2014,17(2):89-96
Late blight is an important constraint to potato production and genotype resistance is an effective disease control mesure. Ten late blight resistant potato genotypes (R-gene free) were assessed for yield performance and stability at early (90 days) and late harvest (120 days) at two locations in Kenya during two years. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in area under disease progress curves (AUDPC) were detected among potato genotypes. Resistant genotypes free of R-genes had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher yield at late than early harvest, perhaps due to increased tuber bulking period. The rank of genotypes for AUDPC, late blight resistance, and tuber yield varied across seasons and locations (environment). Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis of tuber yield and late blight resistance resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.05) effects of genotypes (G) and environments (E). The proportion of genotypic variance was larger than the environmental variance and the G × E interactions. For tuber yield, the G, E, and G × E interactions accounted for 42.9, 39.6 and 17.5%; and 53.4, 29.7, and 16.9% at early and late harvests, respectively. For AUDPC, G, E, and G × E accounted for 80.2, 5.0, and 14.8%; as well as 82.3, 4.6, and 13% for early and late harvests, respectively. The resistance of potato genotypes without R-genes varied. Selective deployment of resistant genotypes can improve potato tuber yield. 相似文献
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Mapping of a novel,major late blight resistance locus in the diploid (1EBN) Mexican Solanum pinnatisectum Dunal on chromosome VII 
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下载免费PDF全文 Late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary (Pi) is the most important foliar disease of potato worldwide. An intraspecific hybrid between individuals of a resistant and a susceptible S. pinnatisectum accession was backcrossed to the susceptible parent to generate a segregating population for late blight resistance consisting of 84 plants. In detached‐leaflet assays, reaction to late blight segregated in a 1r:1s manner in BC1 progeny indicating the presence of a single dominant resistance gene. A genetic map was constructed based on 1,583 DArT/SSR markers which were allocated to 12 linkage groups, covering 1,793.5 cM with an average marker distance of 1.1 cM. The late blight resistance locus derived from S. pinnatisectum was mapped on chromosome VII. In comparison with the previously reported resistance genes Rpi1 and Rpi2, the new target resistance locus most likely is located on the opposite arm of chromosome VII. Results of this study will serve as a basis for future fine mapping of the late blight resistance locus and the development of locus‐specific markers for marker‐assisted selection. 相似文献
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Dilson A. Bisognin David S. Douches Kazimierz Jastrzebski William W. Kirk 《Euphytica》2002,125(1):129-138
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) resistant parents in cultivar development and identify superior clones possessing moderate to high late
blight resistance combined with acceptable maturity and tuber quality. Ninety-five crosses were made between eight unadapted
parents with reported late blight resistance (B0718-3, Bertita, Bzura, Greta, Libertas, Stobrawa, Tollocan and Zarevo) and
susceptible parents (cultivars or advanced breeding clones) adapted to North American growing conditions. A total of 408 field
selected clones were assessed for late blight resistance in the greenhouse and in the field using a mixture of US8 P. infestans isolates (A2 mating type, metalaxyl resistant) that overcame all known R-genes except R8 and R9. Clones with ≤ 10% infected
foliar area in the greenhouse test or ≤ 0.30 RAUDPC (relative area under the disease progress curve) value in the field in
1998 were re-tested in 1999. A total of 118 (29% of 408) putative late blight resistant clones were selected. The eight late
blight resistant parents differed in both the ability to transmit late blight resistance and in the level of resistance transmitted
to the progeny. The Tollocan and B0718-3 families (half-sib progeny) had the greatest degree of resistance and frequency of
resistant clones. Scott-Knott cluster analysis ranked 79 clones (67% of 118) in the high and moderate late blight resistant
groups. Among these 79 clones, 19 clones had vine maturity equal to or earlier than mid-season combined with acceptable tuber
quality. Further selection in 2000 resulted in eight advanced selected clones (six from Tollocan and two from B0718-3 families)
with the same level of resistance as the parent combined with vine maturity and tuber quality equivalent to Atlantic, a standard
cultivar for chip processing in North America. The results indicate that this breeding approach can be used to select parents
for late blight resistance breeding and to identify superior clones with high levels of late blight resistance and marketable
vine maturity and tuber quality.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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由致病疫霉菌(Phytophthora infestans)引起的晩疫病是世界范围内最具毁灭性的马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)病害。以含有晚疫病抗性基因R11的材料MaR11和不含已知抗性基因的品种Katahdin为亲本进行有性杂交,对获得的F1分离群体的83个基因型进行了晚疫病菌株接种鉴定和遗传分析。结果表明,R11为主效单基因,在MaR11中以单式形式(R11r11r11r11)存在。应用比较作图和分离群体分组分析(BSA),开发了6个与R11连锁的分子标记,并将R11定位于11号染色体长臂末端。R11距C2_At5g59960标记最近,约为2.4 cM。通过遗传图谱比较表明,R11较晚疫病抗性基因R3a和R10更靠近染色体端粒区。本研究所获得的遗传图谱为进一步构建R11高密度遗传图谱提供了基础。 相似文献
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JIANG Wei PAN Zhe-Chao BAO Li-Xian ZHOU Fu-Xian LI Yan-Shan SUI Qi-Jun LI Xian-Ping 《作物学报》1962,47(2):245-261
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广谱抗性基因的挖掘是马铃薯高抗晚疫病品种选育的基础。本研究以288份国际马铃薯中心筛选的晚疫病抗性群体为试验材料,经过连续2年田间调查,计算AUDPC和sAUDPC值,评估群体晚疫病抗性;利用SLAF-seq方法进行群体简化基因组测序,通过对晚疫病抗性表型数据的全基因组关联分析,挖掘晚疫病抗性相关的遗传位点和候选基因,为晚疫病抗性品种选育和抗病机理研究提供一定的理论和材料基础。结果表明,晚疫病抗性在288份材料间存在着广泛的遗传差异;基于5种分析模型,共鉴定到82个与晚疫病抗性显著关联的位点;在关联区间关联到54个已知或可能与晚疫病抗性相关的基因。其中,23个基因为抗性基因,包括晚疫病抗性基因R1同源基因、Sw-5同源基因(R8)和Rpi-vnt1以及编码多效性耐药蛋白基因;5个基因编码MAPK蛋白和WRKY转录因子;1个基因参与茉莉酸途径;3个基因与水杨酸途径相关;6个基因是病程相关的基因;3个基因参与苯基丙酸类合成途径;其他与晚疫病抗性相关的基因,如HMGR基因(2个)、细胞色素P450(21个)。 相似文献
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在辣椒疫病抗性材料鉴定和疫霉菌生理小种测定等工作中, 常因菌种在室内连续多代转接培养导致菌株的致病力下降, 影响测定结果的准确性和一致性。针对辣椒疫霉菌的长时间保存这一问题, 通过对 4个辣椒疫霉菌株的长时间无菌水保存和常规固体培养基斜面连续转接保存方法进行试验对比,定期对菌株培养性状和致病力进行观察和测定。试验结果表明： 在 16℃条件下, 无菌水中保存的辣椒疫霉菌株在 24个月后仍有活力, 菌株培养性状没有发生变化, 致病性也没有明显衰退。该菌种保存方法制作简单、 经济、 可靠, 适用于辣椒疫霉菌种的长期保存。 相似文献