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1.
采用多孔聚酯泡沫块固定里氏木霉大三相流化床固定化反应器中同时产酶同时降解壳聚糖，结果表明，通过控制降解时间可以得到不同平均聚合度的降解物，在28℃，pH4.8，通气量2.5vvm条件下，重复利用菌丝降解2%（w/v)浓度壳聚糖，每批产生的壳聚糖酶活力平均达到150mU.mL^-1以上，壳聚糖平均降解率为72%以上，利用此固定化反应器，在45天内连续进行15批同时产酶降解试验，结果发现壳聚糖酶活和壳聚糖降解率能保持稳定。 相似文献
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近江牡蛎养殖水体中细菌产酶能力的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了解近江牡蛎养殖水体中细菌的产酶特性 ,筛选出有应用潜力的有益菌 ,本实验从近江牡蛎养殖水体中分离到 32株菌。革兰氏染色表明 ,10株为革兰氏阳性菌 ,2 2株革兰氏阴性菌。在此基础上研究了它们蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶的产酶能力。结果表明 ,6 1.9% ( 17株 )的菌株能分泌蛋白酶 ,71.9% ( 2 3株 )菌株能分泌脂肪酶或淀粉酶 ,34.4 % ( 11株 )的菌株产纤维素酶。这些产酶菌株均以革兰氏阴性菌为主。在这 32株菌中 ,产四种酶的有 5株菌 ,产三种酶的有 9株菌 ,产两种酶的有 9株菌 ,产一种酶的有 9株菌 ,也就是说 ,所有的菌株都能产酶。由此表明近江牡蛎养殖水体中细菌在该环境物质循环中的重要地位。 相似文献
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1对虾生物絮团高效健康养殖技术概述
1．1生物絮团养殖技术提出背景
对虾生物絮团养殖技术最早由以色列养殖专家Avnimelec在1999年提出,并于2005年在印度尼西亚试验成功,主要通过操控水体营养结构,向水体中添加有机碳物质,调节水体中的C／N比,促进水体中异养细菌的繁殖,利用微生物同化无机氮,将水体中的氨氮等养殖代谢产物转化成细菌自身成分,并且通过细菌絮凝成颗粒物质被养殖动物所摄食,起到维持水环境稳定、实现零换水、提高养殖成活率、降低饲料系数和防治病害等作用的一项技术,它被认为是解决水产养殖产业发展所面临的环境制约和饲料成本的有效替代技术。 相似文献
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纤维素酶在养殖业中的应用前景 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着养殖业的飞速发展，饲料行业原料短缺的状况越来越突出。粗纤维作为自然界中含量最丰富、来源最广泛，又可再生的饲料资源，由于利用率低而至今未得到充分利用。因此，如何成功地开发和利用纤维素资源足目前饲料资源开发的关键。国内外研究推广的利用纤维素的方法很多，如微生态制剂发酵、氮化、酶降解法等。但通过利用纤维素酶或复合酶制剂达到有效利用，则成为国内外动物营养学家极为关注的课题。 相似文献
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实验对野生和养殖银鲳胃、幽门盲囊、前肠、中肠、后肠菌群结构进行了定性对比分析,并对产蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、纤维素酶的菌株进行了鉴定。结果发现,野生和养殖种群的消化道菌群结构存在较大差异,且同一种群消化道各部分之间菌群结构也存在较大差异。尽管养殖和野生银鲳均在幽门盲囊中具有最多的可培养细菌菌株,但野生银鲳消化道内主要菌群为嗜冷菌属(Psychrobacter)和Pseudochrobactrum,养殖银鲳消化道主要菌群为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)和假单孢菌属(Pseudomonas),两种群共有细菌仅一株,即Psychrobacter piscatorii strain VSD503,但其分别存在于野生与养殖种群银鲳消化道的不同部位。在产酶菌株筛选中发现,野生银鲳消化道内分离到16株产酶菌,其中44%可培养菌能产蛋白酶,56%能产淀粉酶,11%能产脂肪酶,56%能产纤维素酶,部分菌株可产2株以上的消化酶,其中产3种以上酶的菌株有5株,且产酶量丰富。相对于野生银鲳,养殖银鲳消化道内分离到22株产酶菌,主要以产蛋白酶和淀粉酶为主,70%可培养菌可产蛋白酶,21%可产淀粉酶,仅Bacillus thuringiensis strain VITGS可产纤维素酶,无一株菌产脂肪酶,其中只有Bacillus thuringiensis strain VITGS产3种酶但产酶量相对较少。研究可为银鲳人工养殖中潜在益生菌的筛选提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Kentaro Sakamoto Ken Touhata Michiaki Yamashita Akihide Kasai Haruhiko Toyohara 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(3):675-683
ABSTRACT: Cellulose digestion by Corbicula japonica was investigated according to the hypothesis that without any symbiotic aid, this organism can utilize cellulose as a carbon source. Enzymatic studies revealed the complete cellulase activity of this species, and molecular cloning resulted in the isolation of cDNA with an ORF encoding a 596-amino-acid protein that shares significant homology with abalone and termite cellulases with an amino acid identity of 52.2% and 50.5%, respectively. The isolated cellulase had a carbohydrate-binding module at the N-terminal region that was also reportedly present in abalone cellulase, and its mRNA were specifically expressed in the digestive gland. These findings strongly support the assumption that C. japonica has an endogenous cellulose, as well as abalones and termites. It is further believed that C. japonica plays an important roll in decomposing cellulose, and consequently contributes to the carbon-cycle in the aquatic environment, as termites do in terrestrial forests. 相似文献
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A 30‐day experiment was performed to investigate the effects of bioflocs on water quality, and survival, growth and digestive enzyme activities of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Altogether 28 shrimp (7.4 ± 0.1 g) were stocked in each 150 L tank. Two bioflocs treatments and one control were managed: ‘bioflocs 1’ and ‘bioflocs 2’ based on two different densities of the bioflocs, and clean water control without the bioflocs. Brown sugar was added to the bioflocs 1 and bioflocs 2 treatment tanks accounting for 28% and 80% of the shrimp feed respectively (corresponding to proximate C/N ratios of 10 and 14 in daily additions of organic matter respectively), so as to promote bioflocs production and approximately 14 mL L?1 in treatment bioflocs 1 and 20 mL L?1 in treatment bioflocs 2 were maintained from day 15. Monitoring of selected water quality parameters throughout the whole experiment period showed that all parameters remained within recommended levels for shrimp culture in the bioflocs treatments at zero‐water exchange, especially low total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen levels. By the end of the experiment, shrimp survival rates were above 86%, with no significant differences (P > 0.05) among the three groups. Both weight gain rate and special growth rate tended to increase in the bioflocs treatments compared to those in the control. Meanwhile, the overall specific activities of protease, amylase, cellulase and lipase of the shrimp in the bioflocs treatments were all higher than those in the control; and for the specific activity of the same digestive enzyme, the differences between the bioflocs treatments and the control performed inconsistently among different organs: hepatopancreas, stomach and intestine. Present results suggest that the bioflocs can not only maintain favourable water quality conditions for shrimp culture and help shrimp grow well in zero‐water exchange culture systems, but may also have a positive effect on digestive enzyme activities of the shrimp. 相似文献
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The activity of cellulase was determined in the intestine of rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings fed on separate dietary formulations incorporating Leucaena leaf meal and synthetic cellulose at 20% level in proportional replacement of the ingredients from the fish-meal-based reference diet. Three more replicate experimental diets were prepared by incorporating 1% tetra-cycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, into the former three dietary formulations so as to circumvent the action of microflora in digestive function. Cellulase activity was found to be highest in fish fed on the cellulose incorporated diet, followed by those maintained on the plant-protein-based and reference diets, respectively. A diet-dependent variation in cellulase activity was apparent. However, a sharp decline in the level of cellulase activity was observed in the fish fed diets containing tetracycline, which is supposed to have destroyed all the gut microflora. The microbial culture of intestinal and hepatopancreatic extracts also confirmed the absence of microflora in the fish fed tetracycline-compounded diets. The study indicates that cellulase activity in rohu is largely contributed by the intestinal microflora, while the reduced activity recorded in the fish reared on antibiotic-compounded diets may be due to the presence of some other source of cellulase secretion apart from cellulolytic microbial action. The information generated from the present investigation might contribute towards better feed formulation for carp at low cost, incorporating plant-based feed ingredients. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998 相似文献
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对虾精养池塘碳、氮和异养细菌含量的变化及其相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章调查了广东省汕尾市红海湾对虾精养池塘水体中不同形式的碳（C）、氮（N）和异养细菌含量的变化,并分析c和N对异养细菌的影响,以期为养殖过程合理调控水质环境提供理论数据。结果发现,池塘中不同形式的P（C）在养殖前、中期逐渐升高并达到最大值,中、后期缓慢下降趋于稳定,P（N）在养殖前、中期较低,后期升高并达到最大值;异养细菌数在养殖中期的第56天和养殖后期的第98天出现2个高峰,养殖第70天出现低谷。异养细菌数与总无机碳（TIC）和总碳（TC）呈现极显著正相关关系;养殖中、后期异养细菌数与C／N（TOC／TN）呈极显著负相关关系。结果表明,养殖中、后期水体中C（主要是有机碳）成为影响异养细菌繁殖的限制性因素,适当添加C源可以促进异养细菌繁殖,吸收转化无机氮,从而达到降低水体中无机氮浓度、提高物质循环利用效率的作用。 相似文献
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该文采用生态学试验方法,对鳜池塘和大棚养殖模式的水质变化规律进行了调查分析,同时采用不同微生态制剂商品(光合细菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌)对鳜养殖水体水质调节效果进行了研究。结果显示,整个鳜养殖周期(苗种至商品鱼),大棚养殖模式水体温度、溶氧、pH值与池塘养殖模式无明显区别;大棚养殖模式三氮(铵态氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮)变化规律与池塘养殖模式大致相同,但大部分时间前者水体含量较高;大棚养殖模式水体总磷含量高于池塘养殖模式,且总磷最高值出现时间较池塘养殖模式推迟了近1个月。光合细菌对鳜养殖水体氨氮、亚硝态氮以及总氮整体调控效果最佳;枯草芽孢杆菌对降低硝态氮和亚硝态氮有良好的效果;乳酸菌对养殖后期降低水体pH值有一定的作用。结论:相对于鳜池塘养殖模式,大棚养殖模式氮磷物质循环转化效率较低,合理搭配使用微生物制剂调节水质养殖效果更佳,同时需注意不良天气对微生态制剂使用效果的影响。 相似文献
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枸杞岛贻贝养殖水域碳氮磷分布格局 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
于2013年贻贝成熟期和幼苗期对枸杞岛贻贝筏式养殖水域营养分布和碳分布格局开展相关实验。结果表明:从生态健康角度,夏季成熟期的贻贝养殖造成养殖海域氮、磷营养盐浓度升高,尤其是无机氮浓度显著高于非养殖区(P<0.05),养殖区处于受磷限制性的重富营养化,对其水体健康产生一定压力;秋季幼苗期贻贝养殖使养殖海域氮、磷浓度均降低,尤其是无机氮浓度显著低于非养殖区(P<0.05),与夏季分布格局相反,对水体有净化作用。从生态效应看,贻贝养殖使表层水体中溶解无机碳浓度显著低于非养殖区(P<0.05),产生碳汇效应;同时,贻贝养殖使水体中溶解有机碳浓度显著高于非养殖区(P<0.05),由于丰富的氮营养盐,溶解有机碳处于不稳定态,为碳源。因此,成熟期与幼苗期贻贝养殖对其水域健康产生不同作用,养殖的碳汇、碳源还有待进一步的系统研究。 相似文献
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Syuto Hasegawa Kazuhiro Ura Hiroyuki Tanaka Takao Ojima Yasuaki Takagi 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(5):1107-1115
We isolated a cellulase from the digestive organs of the short-spined sea urchin Strogylocentrotus intermedius using a combination of ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration together with an assay for carboxymethylcellulase activity. The isolated cellulase was stained as a single band by Congo red. The molecular weight of the isolated cellulase, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions, was 59?kDa. The isolated cellulase exhibited hydrolytic activity toward carboxymethyl cellulose, with an optimum temperature and pH of 30?°C and pH 8.0, respectively. The thermal stability of the enzyme was characterized by determining the temperature at which activity decreased by 50?% with treatment for 30?min at pH 7.0 and found to be 32?°C. Cellulase activity remained at a high level at 5?C20?°C, which is the growth temperature of the short-spined sea urchin. These results confirm that the short-spined sea urchin should preferably be reared at a water temperature of <20?°C. 相似文献
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Ana Pavasovic Neil A Richardson Peter B Mather & Alex J Anderson 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(1):25-32
Red claw (Cherax quadricarinatus) is a freshwater crayfish species with recognized potential for aquaculture. To better understand the digestive processes and nutritional requirements of red claw, we have examined the effects of dietary cellulose on (1) digestive enzyme activity and diet digestibility and (2) survival rate, feed conversion ratio and growth performance. In the first study, a reference diet (RF) and test diets consisting of 70% RF and 30%α‐cellulose or Fuller's earth were prepared. Analysis of digestive enzyme profiles revealed that amylase and cellulase activities in midgut gland (MG) extracts were highest in the red claw fed on a diet containing 30% Fuller's earth and lowest in those fed on a diet containing 30%α‐cellulose. Supplementation of the RF diet with either 30%α‐cellulose or Fuller's earth significantly reduced apparent dry mater (ADMD) and apparent protein digestibilities (APD). In the second study, a feeding trial was conducted using diets supplemented with different levels of α‐cellulose. A major finding was that dietary cellulose levels above 12% were correlated with significant reductions in survival rate, specific growth rate and feeding efficiency. Based on these findings, we suggest that although cellulase enzymes are present in the red claw digestive system there are no apparent nutritive benefits obtained by including insoluble cellulose in diets for this species. 相似文献
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Identification of a putative cellulase gene in the giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Shen‐Shaun Ong Subha Bhassu Qi Bin Kwong Peter Mather Khanom Simarani Rofina Yasmin Othman 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(11):3653-3661
Nutrition plays an important role in the development of all organisms and in particular that of farmed aquatic species where costs associated with feed can often exceed 60% of total production costs. Crustacean species in addition, have the added metabolic requirement for regular moulting to allow normal growth and this requires large amounts of energy in the form of sugars (glucose). The current study explored the capacity of the giant freshwater prawn to produce endogenous cellulose‐degrading enzymes capable of extracting nutrients (simple sugars) from plant sources in formulated feeds used in the prawn aquaculture industry. We identified a putative cellulase cDNA fragment in the target organism of 1576 base pairs in length of non‐microbial origin that after protein modelling exhibited a TM‐score of 0.916 with a described cellulase reported from another crustacean species. The functional role of cellulase enzymes is to hydrolyse cellulose to glucose and the fragment identified in GFP was highly expressed in the hepatopancreas, the site of primary food digestion and absorption in crustaceans. Hepatopancreatic tissue from Macrobrachium rosenbergii also showed active digestion of cellulose to glucose following an endoglucanase assay. Cellulase gene(s) are present in the genomes of many invertebrate taxa and play an active role in the conversion of cellulose to available energy. Identification and characterization of endogenous cellulase gene(s) in giant freshwater prawn can assist development of the culture industry because the findings confirm that potentially greater levels of low‐cost plant‐material could be included in artificial formulated diets in the future without necessarily compromising individual growth performance. Ultimately, this development may contribute to more efficient, cost‐effective production systems for freshwater prawn culture stocks that meet the animal's basic nutritional requirements and that also support good individual growth rates. 相似文献
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To validate the mechanism of cellulose breakdown in cold climate wetlands, we investigated cellulase activity in sediments
collected from 17 wetland sites in Hokkaido, the northern area of Japan. We evaluated cellulase activity by quantitative analysis
of glucose released from carboxymethyl cellulose and found that sediments from peat fens demonstrated high activity, followed
by sediments from lagoons and estuaries. Sediments from peat fens also contained greater amounts of organic matter, followed
by lagoons and estuaries, thereby suggesting a strong positive correlation between organic matter content and cellulase activity.
Evaluation of cellulase activity by qualitative cellulose zymographic analysis showed that various cellulases with different
molecular sizes were implicated in cellulose breakdown in wetlands. Among them, cellulose breakdown in Meguma Pond (peat fen),
Notsuke Gulf (peat fen), and Lake Utonai (lagoon) was potentially due to microorganism cellulase, while that in Lake Chobushi
(lagoon) was ascribed to meiobenthos (Oligochaeta species) cellulase. The findings presented herein suggest that the origin
and activity level of cellulase vary depending on the type of cold climate wetland. 相似文献