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1.
Four dogs with anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis were treated with intravenous vitamin K1 in lieu of plasma transfusion due to client cost constraints. Two dogs experienced a suspected anaphylactoid reaction, necessitating cessation of the treatment in one dog. Prothrombin time was rechecked 1 h after treatment in the remaining three dogs and all results were within the normal reference range. All four dogs were discharged from hospital within 48 h of presentation. Intravenous vitamin K1 rapidly reverses the coagulopathic state in dogs with anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis. It is a viable alternative therapy to plasma transfusion if circumstances preclude its use; however, patients must be monitored for anaphylactoid reactions.  相似文献   

2.
Clinical signs of vitamin K deficiency have been observed in cats offered two commercial canned diets high in salmon or tuna. Some of the queens and kittens offered these diets had died while survivors had increased coagulation times. Necropsies revealed hepatic and, or, gastrointestinal haemorrhages. Coagulation times of survivors returned to normal after vitamin K therapy. The purpose of this study was to induce a vitamin K deficiency in kittens and determine the dietary requirement. Kittens were offered vitamin K-deficient purified diets containing antibiotics and, or, substances inherent in canned fish diets that may have contributed to the deficiency. Clinical signs of vitamin K deficiency were not observed, even though one purified diet contained only 4 μg K1/kg diet compared with 60 μg in the commercial tuna diet. Therefore, a minimum vitamin K requirement could not be determined using purified diets; nevertheless, canned commercial diets formulated primarily with fish should contain more than 60 μg K1/kg diet.  相似文献   

3.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of eggshell calcium (Biomin H® dietary supplement) and its combinations with alfacalcidol (1α-hydroxyvitamin D3) and menaquinone-7 (vitamin K2) on ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. Adult female rats (n = 48) were divided into 6 groups of 8 individuals each: sham-operated rats (SHAM); ovariectomized (OVX) rats untreated; OVX rats treated with Biomin H® (BIO); OVX rats simultaneously receiving Biomin H®, vitamin D3 (BIO + D3); OVX rats simultaneously treated with Biomin H®, vitamin K2 (BIO + K2) and OVX rats treated with Biomin H®, vitamin D3, vitamin K2 (BIO + D3 + K2) during 8 weeks. Biochemical parameters, bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and femoral bone microstructure were determined. Plasma calcium and phosphate were increased in BIO + D3 and BIO + D3 + K2 groups as compared to OVX. Alkaline phosphatase was elevated in OVX, BIO versus SHAM, BIO + D3 + K2 groups. When compared to OVX group, decreased urine deoxypyridinoline was observed in all treated groups and femoral BMD, BMC were higher in BIO, BIO + D3, BIO + D3 + K2 groups. The BIO + K2 rats had similar densitometrical values than OVX individuals. Microcomputed tomography revealed increased trabecular relative bone volume (due to an increase in trabecular number) in BIO + D3, BIO + D3 + K2 as compared to OVX. The higher relative bone volume in BIO + D3, BIO + D3 + K2 groups was also accompanied by an increase in bone surface. In the cortical bone, an enhanced periosteal bone apposition was identified in BIO, BIO + D3, BIO + K2, BIO + D3 + K2 groups. The rats from BIO + D3 + K2 group had a higher area of primary osteon's vascular canals. In BIO + D3, BIO + K2, BIO + D3 + K2 groups, an increased area of secondary osteons was determined in comparison with OVX. Our results indicate the beneficial effect of triple application of Biomin H®, vitamin D3, vitamin K2, as well as simultaneous administration of Biomin H®, vitamin D3 on the inhibition of ovariectomy-induced bone loss in a rat model of osteoporosis.  相似文献   

4.
A case of brodifacoum poisoning is described in a six-year-old male Kelpie cross working dog. The clinical features were severe exercise intolerance, haemorrhage from the oral and nasal cavities, dyspnoea and pale mucous membranes. Diagnosis was confirmed by demonstrating an abnormally long whole blood clotting time. The dog was treated successfully by administering 1 litre of whole blood intravenously, intramuscular vitamin K1 and a three week course of oral vitamin K3.

Experience at the Massey University Small Animal Clinic and Hospital has indicated that poisoning of dogs with the newer long acting anticoagulant rodenticides is becoming more common.  相似文献   

5.
Moldy sweetclover poisoning in cattle   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文
Some selected clinical and laboratory aspects of moldy sweetclover poisoning in cattle are reviewed. The prothrombin time is preferred when the disease is suspected.

The bleeding time and whole blood clotting time test are also used.

Dicoumarol is not always detectable in the suspected feed which may be due to sampling technique or inaccuracy in the laboratory assay. The most effective treatment is a whole blood transfusion.

Vitamin K1 (naturally occurring vitamin K) is an effective antidote but too expensive. Vitamin K3 (synthetic vitamin K) in both the injectable and oral forms are not as effective as K1 but are used extensively for treatment and prevention. Feeding the suspected feed for two weeks followed by a one week withdrawal successively or by dilution with other feeds will help to reduce the incidence of disease if other feeds are not available.

Suspected feed should not be fed to cattle for at least three weeks before surgery or parturition.

  相似文献   

6.
Established “low” aspirin dosages inconsistently inhibit platelet function in dogs. Higher aspirin dosages consistently inhibit platelet function, but are associated with adverse effects. The objectives of this study were to use an escalation in dosage to determine the lowest aspirin dosage that consistently inhibited platelet function without inhibiting prostacyclin synthesis. Eight dogs were treated with five aspirin dosages: 0.5 mg/kg q24h, 1 mg/kg q24h, 2 mg/kg q24h, 4 mg/kg q24h and 10 mg/kg q12h for 7 days. Utilizing aggregometry and a whole‐blood platelet function analyzer (PFA‐100), platelet function was evaluated before and after treatment. Urine 11‐dehydro‐thromboxane‐B2 (11‐dTXB2) and 6‐keto‐prostaglandin‐F1α (6‐keto‐PGF1α), were measured. Compared to pretreatment, there were significant post‐treatment decreases in the maximum aggregometry amplitude and increases in the PFA‐100 closure times for all dosages expect 0.5 mg/kg q24h. There was no difference in amplitude or closure time among the 2 mg/kg q24h, 4 mg/kg q24h, and 10 mg/kg q12h dosages. Compared to pretreatment values, there was a significant decrease in urinary 11‐dTXB2‐to‐creatinine and 6‐keto‐PGF1α‐to‐creatinine ratios, but there was no dose‐dependent decrease for either metabolite. An aspirin dosage of 2 mg/kg q24h consistently inhibits platelet function without decreasing prostacyclin synthesis significantly more than lower aspirin dosages.  相似文献   

7.
AIM: To investigate growth responses of cobalt-deficient lambs to increasing doses of microencapsulated vitamin B12, and to measure associated changes in serum and liver vitamin B12 concentrations over 243 days.

METHODS: From a flock grazing pastures that had low cobalt (Co) levels (about 0.06 mg Co/kg dry matter), 4-6-week-old lambs (n=137) were assigned to four groups and received either no treatment or a subcutaneous injection of 3.0, 4.5 or 6.0 mg of microencapsulated vitamin B12 on Day 1. At approximately monthly intervals, all lambs were weighed and blood samples were collected from a selection (n=10) of monitor animals, up to Day 243. Liver biopsies were also carried out on the monitor lambs (n=8) on Days 1, 124 and 215.

RESULTS: The vitamin B12-treated lambs grew significantly faster (p<0.001) than untreated animals. Liveweights after 243 days were 28, 45, 45 and 47 kg for the untreated, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 mg vitamin B12-treated lambs, respectively. Of the initial group of untreated lambs, 68% had to be removed before the end of the trial because of substantial weight loss, but none of the treated animals were similarly afflicted. Serum vitamin B12 concentrations increased in all vitamin B12-treated lambs, reaching a peak at Day 25, and those of the 4.5 and 6.0 mg vitamin B12-treated lambs remained significantly higher (except at Day 124) than the untreated lambs to Day 187. However, at Day 124, but not Day 215, the liver vitamin B12 concentrations of treated lambs were two to three times higher than those of controls.

CONCLUSIONS: The growth rates of Co-deficient lambs were markedly improved by injection of 3.0, 4.5 or 6.0 mg of microencapsulated vitamin B12, and liveweights were maintained for at least 243 days. Serum vitamin B12 concentrations were related to this growth response; concentrations of <220 pmol vitamin B12/l were associated with a 95% probability that lambs were Co-deficient and would thus respond to Co/vitamin B12 supplementation. Based on these data, the current New Zealand reference criteria for Co deficiency should be reviewed.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: An injection of 3 mg microencapsulated vitamin B122 given to lambs at tailing will treat Co deficiency and will increase and maintain liveweights in a flock for up to 8 months.  相似文献   

8.
Objective: To determine the effects of clodronate on vitamin D3‐induced hypercalcemia in dogs. Design: Prospective experimental study. Settings: University research laboratory. Animals: Fourteen healthy intact adult male and female mixed breed dogs. Interventions: Dogs received 7.5 mg of vitamin D3/kg of body weight once orally and were randomly assigned to 2 groups of 7 dogs each. Dogs in the saline control group were given intravenous infusions of 150 mL 0.9% NaCl solution 24 hours after vitamin D3 administration. Dogs in the clodronate group were given an infusion of 4 mg/kg of clodronate in 150 mL 0.9% NaCl solution 24 hours after vitamin D3 administration. Measurements and main results: Clinical signs of vitamin D3 toxicosis were evaluated 48 hours after ingestion of vitamin D3. Dogs that were given clodronate had significantly lower serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), urea, and Ca × P values than dogs in the control group on days 4, 7, and 12 after administration. Additionally, alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly lower in the clodronate group compared with dogs in the control group on days 4 and 7. Conclusions: Parenteral administration of clodronate, a biphosphonate compound and osteoclastic activity inhibitor, may be a useful therapy when administered within the first 24 hours after ingestion of toxic doses of vitamin D3.  相似文献   

9.
The levels of serum vitamin B12 were determined on 16 mature partly warm-blooded, partly Finnish rural-race horses by the radioisotopic competitive inhibition assay method. The mean value from three samplings carried out in dupli- or triplicate was 1.54 ± 0.16 ng/ml. The utilization of serum inorganic cobalt for cyanocobalamin synthesis was studied on two geldings, which received a dose of 200 µCi 58CoGl2 i.v. A Sephadex G-100 gel filtration was carried out with the serum proteins from serial blood samplings at different time intervals 15 min. to 48 hrs. after administration. The gel filtration showed the presence of two labelled proteins in the serum, one of them appearing some time after administration and disappearing almost completely towards the end of the experimental period. The two elution peaks are considered to represent inorganic 58Co and 58Co labelled vitamin B12. The appearance of labelling in serum vitamin B12 indicates the passing of cobalt into the intestine, and reabsorption into blood in the form of vitamin B12.  相似文献   

10.
The effect of intramuscular administration of vitamin D3 (1×106 IU D3/100 kg bodyweight) to 3 different dairy breeds on the serum levels of vitamin D3, 25-OH-D2, 25-OH-D3, Ca, inorganic P and Mg was studied.The vitamin metabolites and the electrolytes were analysed on 9 occasions during a 36-day period. Vitamin D3 was analysed on 6 occasions during the same period. No significant breed differences were observed except for 25-OH-D3 (P ≤ 0.05). The D3 level rose in 1 day from < 2 ng/ml to 906 ng/ml and decreased to below 50 % of the peak level after 6 days. At the end of the experiment (day 36) vitamin D3 was < 2 ng/ml. 25-OH-D3 rose from < 2 ng/ml to 106 ng/ml in 6 days and stayed at this level during the whole experiment. 25-OH-D2 decreased from 16 ng/ml to 5 ng/ml during the observation period.  相似文献   

11.
以胡麻“坝选3号”为材料,设置不施钾(K0)、低钾(K1,18.75 kg K2O/hm2)、中钾(K2,37.5 kg K2O/hm2)和高钾(K3,56.25 kg K2O/hm2)4个施钾(K2O)水平,于2011-2012年在河北省张家口市开展田间试验,研究了不同施钾量对胡麻钾素营养转运分配及其产量的影响。结果表明,胡麻根、茎、叶和籽粒等器官的钾素累积主要在生殖生长阶段,占全生育期累积量的41.28%～64.09%;与不施钾相比,施钾条件下胡麻根、茎和叶钾素转运量分别增加了35.60%,29.06%和43.75%。根、茎和叶中均有钾素转运到籽粒,转运率分别为17.78%～24.85%,14.82%～23.00%和39.40%～46.20%,对籽粒钾素的贡献率分别为6.71%～14.12%,11.24%～23.97%和17.26%～50.83%。较不施钾处理,低、中和高钾水平下籽粒产量分别增产14.90%～24.12%,29.93%～30.11%和15.65%～23.13%,且中钾处理下增产幅度最大。综合胡麻钾素积累、转运与分配规律以及籽粒产量,本试验区同等肥力土壤条件下,要实现胡麻高产高效以施钾量37.5 kg/hm2为宜。  相似文献   

12.
AIM: To compare serum analyses of vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid (MMA) as indices of cobalt/vitamin B12 deficiency in lambs around weaning.

METHODS: Lambs on five properties, considered to be cobalt- deficient, were supplemented with either cobalt bullets, or short- or long-acting vitamin B12 preparations. Blood samples, and in some cases liver biopsies, and liveweights were obtained at monthly intervals. Serum samples were assayed for vitamin B12 and MMA and liver for vitamin B12 concentrations. Pasture cobalt concentrations were measured on three of the properties.

RESULTS: Pasture cobalt concentrations were generally maintained below 0.07 μg/g dry matter (DM) on the properties sampled. Growth responses to supplementation were observed on only 2/5 properties, despite serum vitamin B12 concentrations being within the currently used ’marginal‘ reference range (336–499 pmol/L) for at least 3 months on all properties and in the deficient reference range (0–335 pmol/L) for at least 2 months on all farms except one. Serum MMA concentrations in supplemented lambs were <2 μmol/L, except in those animals sampled 1 month after receiving treatment with a short-acting vitamin B12 injection. Serum MMA concentrations in unsupplemented animals on properties on which no growth response to supplementation occurred generally reached peak levels of between 4 and 7 μmol/L at the nadir of serum vitamin B12 concentration. When a growth response was observed, differences in weight gain between supplemented and unsupplemented lambs occurred as mean serum MMA concentrations increased from 9 to 14 μmol/L. On one property where supplementation commenced before weaning, normal growth rates were maintained despite serum vitamin B12 concentrations of 140 pmol/L and serum MMA concentrations in excess of 40 μmol/L serum.

CONCLUSIONS: The possibility that current serum vitamin B12 references ranges for diagnosis of cobalt deficiency are set too high and lead to over-diagnosis of responsiveness to cobalt/ vitamin B12 supplementation is discussed. The suggestion is made that serum MMA concentrations in excess of 9–14 μmol/L will provide a more reliable diagnostic test for cobalt deficiency. However, there was sufficient variation between properties in the relationships between cobalt concentrations of pasture and serum vitamin B12 or MMA concentrations to require more rigorous testing of the reliability of using serum MMA concentration for this purpose. The possibility that differences in rumen fermentation and therefore propionate and vitamin B12 production could be involved is discussed. The measurement of serum MMA and vitamin B12 appears to be of little value whilst the lamb is still suckling.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Serum MMA concentration may offer advantages over serum vitamin B12 concentrations in the diagnosis of a cobalt/vitamin B12 responsiveness in weaned lambs.  相似文献   

13.
The aim of this placebo-controlled study was to investigate the effects of oral vitamin E supplementation for 10 weeks on exercise-induced oxidative damage in untrained dogs. Eight dogs were randomly assigned to a supplementation (n = 4) or control (n = 4) group and underwent two isolated submaximal exercise sessions, 10 weeks apart. Blood was collected during each session to measure erythrocyte membrane fluidity (EMF), paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin E concentrations. These biomarkers were measured in venous blood samples collected before (t0), just after (t, EMF only) and 1 d (t + 1 d) and 7 d (t + 7 d) after the dogs ran on a treadmill.Prior to vitamin E supplementation, exercise induced a significant decrease in PON1 activity, EMF, vitamin E concentration and a significant increase in MDA concentration at t + 1 d. After a 10 week vitamin E supplementation period, these exercise-induced changes in PON1 activity, EMF and MDA concentration were still significant in the control group, but not in the supplemented group. These results suggested that vitamin E supplementation had a protective effect on submaximal exercise-induced oxidative damage in sedentary dogs.  相似文献   

14.
Objective: To describe an unusual site of hemorrhage in a case of anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity. Case summary: A dog treated for Brodifacoum anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication was referred for treatment of thrombocytopenia and dysuria. Sonographic examination revealed a large blood clot within the urinary bladder, extending proximally along both ureters, and a bilateral hydronephrosis. In this dog, management of the vitamin K1‐dependent coagulopathy was unusually complicated by uremia and thrombocytopenia. New information provided: This is the first reported case of hydronephrosis secondary to anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication in a dog.  相似文献   

15.
In this study, supplementation of two levels (5 and 25 parts per million; ppm) of boron into broiler diets including 125 kg−1(inadequate) and 2000 kg−1(adequate) vitamin D3as investigated. The effects of supplementation on performance and biochemical characters (Ca, P, Mg, glucose and ) of broilers from 1 to 45 days of age were evaluated. Boron provided significant increases in performances of chicks fed both adequate and inadequate vitamin D3-containing diets. The improvements in the inadequate vitamin D3-containing group were higher than that of adequate vitamin D3-containing group. The boron addition had a positive effect on Ca, P and alkaline phosphatase levels of chicks. Boron might be regarded as beneficial in inadequate vitamin D3-containing broiler feed.  相似文献   

16.
Warfarin: a review with emphasis on its use in the horse   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
Warfarin or dicoumarol prevents the production of functional clotting factors II, VII, IX and X. Navicular disease and thrombophlebitis are examples of equine thrombotic diseases in which warfarin has been used therapeutically. The initiation of anticoagulant therapy is relatively simple but attending veterinarians must be aware of the potential risks in order to minimize them. These risks include epistaxis, bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract and at the venipuncture site, and increased susceptibility to hematoma formation following local trauma. Vitamin K, especially vitamin K1 is a swift and specific antidote for warfarin toxicity.  相似文献   

17.
The efficacies of four methods, used for the prophylaxis of cobalt deficiency in sheep as measured by the elevation of liver and serum vitamin B12 levels, were compared in marginally deficient sheep over 14 weeks. The methods used were weekly drenches of either cobalt sulphate or cobalt chelate (EDTA); three-weekly injections of hydroxocobalamin, and ruminal cobalt pellets.

On the basis of elevated liver and serum vitamin B12 levels, chelated cobalt was shown to be available to rumen microflora for the synthesis of vitamin B12. However, at no stage were liver and serum vitamin B12 levels of sheep receiving the chelate significantly different from those receiving the same amount of cobalt as the sulphate.

After five, three-weekly injections of hydroxocabalamin liver vitamin B12 levels were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than for the other treatments, with the exception of cobalt sulphate.

Cobalt pellets led to an initial rapid and significant rise in serum vitamin B12 when compared with the other treatments. However, at four weeks there was no significant difference between treatment groups for serum vitamin B12. Fourteen weeks after the administration of cobalt pellets, serum and liver. vitamin B12 levels in this group were not significantly different from those of untreated sheep. At this time, three out of 12 sheep had lost their pellets.  相似文献   

18.
Moldy sweetclover poisoning in a horse   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文
A six year old Percheron mare was presented with a history of spontaneous unilateral epistaxis of 24 hours duration. The blood one stage prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times were markedly prolonged. A diagnosis of moldy sweetclover poisoning was made on the basis of the history and clinical and laboratory findings. A single whole blood transfusion and four daily intravenous injections of vitamin K3 proved to be a successful treatment.  相似文献   

19.
The concentration of vitamin R12 in the blood was studied in five totally gastrectomized pigs followed for 10–18 months, and in four controls followed for 5¼–8 months. The concentration of vitamin B12 in the liver was investigated in three pigs of each group. The content of vitamin B12 in the blood was of the same magnitude in both groups. Thus, removal of the stomach does not compromise the normal presence of this vitamin in the blood. The B12 content in the liver was also unaffected by the operation, whereas it was increased after simultaneous administration of vitamin B6.  相似文献   

20.
Blood acid-base and electrolyte status was studied in four sedentary Miniature Horses treated with 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) per kg of body weight (BW). Arterial blood was collected before treatment with NaHC03 and each hour for 5 h after treatment. All treatments resulted in an increase in blood pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration and base excess (BE) by 1 h post-dosage, which continued through the 5th hour (P < .05). Treatment with 200 mg NaHC03/kg BW resulted in less elevated blood HCO3− concentrations (P < .03) and BE values (P < .01) when compared to the other treatments. Following dosing with NaHCO3, plasma Na+ concentrations increased among all treatments but declined to initial values by 3 h post-treatment. The 200 mg NaHCO3/kg BW dosage resulted in the smallest increases in plasma Na+ concentrations (P < .03). Both plasma K+ and Ca++ concentrations were lower (P < .05) among all treatment groups 1 h post-dosage but returned to initial values by 5 h and 3 h posttreatment, respectively, with no differences (P >.05) among treatments. All NaHCO3 dosages increased blood buffering capacity as indicated by increased blood pH, HCO3− concentration and BE. Maximum blood pH, HCO−3 concentration and BE was reached using a dosage of 300 mg NaHCO3/kg BW. Also, all treatments altered the plasma electrolyte concentrations.  相似文献   

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