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河北省小麦田杂草调查及药剂防除播娘蒿研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《中国植保导刊》2015,(9)
分别在2013和2014年对河北省邯郸、邢台、石家庄、保定、廊坊、沧州、唐山市小麦田杂草进行了调查,明确了河北省小麦田杂草的种类组成及群落结构,并选取播娘蒿作为靶标,进行了田间药效试验。调查区域小麦田共有杂草60种,隶属于22科57属。其中,单子叶植物2科,22属,22种;双子叶植物20科,35属,38种。播娘蒿、荠菜、雀麦、藜、田旋花为河北省小麦田优势杂草。田间药效试验表明,供试药剂37%苄嘧磺隆·唑草酮·炔草酯可湿性粉剂、70.5%2甲4氯钠·唑草酮可湿性粉剂、34%唑草酮·氯氟吡氧乙酸可湿性粉剂、6%双氟磺草胺·唑草酮油悬浮剂以及16%双氟磺草胺·氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯油悬浮剂处理对播娘蒿的防除效果均较好,药后28 d株防效和鲜重防效普遍在90%左右,持效期较长;而75%苯磺隆颗粒剂单独施用对播娘蒿防效较差,施药28 d后株防效65.00%,鲜重防效58.60%,但是当苯磺隆与助剂有机硅或松油酯共同施用时,防效显著提高。 相似文献
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氟氯吡啶酯与双氟磺草胺复配的田间除草效果及其对作物安全性评价 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
氟氯吡啶酯属于人工合成激素类除草剂全新类别,是芳香基吡啶甲酸类家族的第1位成员,为明确其作用特点、除草活性、与双氟磺草胺复配后的除草效果以及对小麦和后茬作物的安全性,连续2年分别于小麦越冬前和返青初期施药,在冬小麦田进行了田间试验。结果表明,7.5 g/L氟氯吡啶酯EC在7.5 g/hm2用量下,对猪殃殃、播娘蒿防效较好,2次施药末次调查对猪殃殃防效为96.5%和100%,对播娘蒿防效为94.1%和81.1%;对麦瓶草防效较差,末次调查为57.1%和27.9%,对麦家公无效。复配制剂20%氟氯吡啶酯·双氟磺草胺WG在15、20、30 g/hm2用量下,对猪殃殃、播娘蒿、麦瓶草防效均较好,株防效为90.5%~100%,对麦家公防效略差,越冬前施药株防效为78.8%~98.6%,返青初期施药株防效为20.9%~82.5%;末次调查时杂草总鲜重防效为90.1%~98.2%,2次施药结果差异不显著。小麦田喷施该复配制剂15~45 g/hm2剂量,对小麦安全,未见任何药害症状;且对后茬作物玉米、大豆、花生、棉花、谷子均安全。 相似文献
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为了筛选出适合江苏省句容地区防除小麦田阔叶杂草的除草剂品种,采用茎叶喷雾法,在田间比较了10种常用除草剂对小麦田阔叶杂草的防效。施药后18 d调查结果表明,2%吡草醚EC对黏毛卷耳、10%唑草酮WP和4%啶磺草胺OD对猪殃殃防效均在90%以上;供试10种除草剂对大野豌豆的防效均在70%以下;而对总杂草的防效仅2%吡草醚EC为72.67%,其他品种的防效均在60%以下。施药后34 d调查结果表明：4%啶磺草胺OD、56%2甲4氯钠SP、80%唑嘧磺草胺WG、20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC和2%吡草醚EC对黏毛卷耳株防效均在90%以上;50 g/L双氟磺草胺SC、10%唑草酮WP、35%氯吡嘧磺隆WG、20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC、2%吡草醚EC对猪殃殃的株防效均在90%以上;3%甲基二磺隆OD、50 g/L双氟磺草胺SC、56%2甲4氯钠SP对大野豌豆的株防效均在90%以上;2%吡草醚EC、20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC、4%啶磺草胺OD、50 g/L双氟磺草胺SC、80%唑嘧磺草胺WG、35%氯吡嘧磺隆WG对小麦田总阔叶杂草的株防效在80%以上,对其鲜重防效在95%以上,在供试除草剂中防效较高。 相似文献
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筛选出高效除草剂是有效防治麦田主要杂草播娘蒿与荠菜的前提。采用随机区组试验设计方法,在田间测定75%苯磺隆·双氟磺草胺水分散粒剂(water dispersible granule,简称WDG)对小麦田播娘蒿与荠菜的防治效果和对小麦的安全性。结果表明,施药后45 d,75%苯磺隆·双氟磺草胺WDG 33.75、39.38、45.00、78.75 g a.i./hm~2剂量下对2种杂草总株数防效为66.6%、77.6%、78.1%、80.5%,总鲜质量防效分别为95.8%、96.5%、97.4%、97.7%,均高于对照药剂75%苯磺隆可湿性粉剂(wettable powder,简称WP)22.50 g a.i./hm~2和50 g/L双氟磺草胺悬浮剂(suspension concentrate,简称SC)4.50 g a.i./hm~2对杂草的防效。75%苯磺隆·双氟磺草胺WDG 4个处理区小麦的穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量和产量均显著高于空白对照区,除33.75 g a.i./hm~2处理外,其他处理区小麦增产5%以上。综上所述,苯磺隆·双氟磺草胺WDG推荐剂量为33.75 g a.i./hm~2,对小麦田播娘蒿与荠菜均有较好的防效,对小麦安全。 相似文献
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试验表明：5.8%双氟·唑嘧磺悬浮剂（麦喜）10mL/1667m^2、20%氯氟吡氧乙酸乳油（使它隆）20mL/667m^2＋10%苯磺隆可湿性粉剂10g/66m^2、20%氯氟吡氧乙酸乳油（使它隆）20mL/667m^2＋75%苯磺隆干悬浮剂（巨星）1g/667m^2对小麦田阔叶杂草（猪殃殃、播娘蒿、荠菜）药后45d防效均在83.4%～89.8%之间,可以有效控制麦田阔叶杂草.几种除草剂对荠菜、播娘蒿的防效相当,对猪殃殃的防效,以5.8%双氟·唑嘧磺悬浮剂（麦喜）处理的最好,以75%苯磺隆干悬浮剂（巨星）处理的最差. 相似文献
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《杂草科学》2018,(3)
为明确1%甲基二磺隆·双氟磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂对小麦田一年生杂草的防效及对小麦的安全性,采用随机区组试验设计方法进行田间药效试验。结果表明,1%甲基二磺隆·双氟磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂对小麦田主要杂草雀麦、播娘蒿、荠菜均有较好的防除效果,并且防效随着施药量的增加而提高;在有效成分用量为9、12、15 g a. i./hm~2条件下,施药后30 d对小麦田一年生杂草的鲜质量防效合计为85. 1%、89. 5%、94. 2%,防效较好,小麦的增产率分别为7. 84%、9. 03%、10. 39%;1%甲基二磺隆·双氟磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂在试验剂量下,于小麦苗后、杂草3～5叶期进行茎叶喷雾处理,对小麦安全,无药害发生,除草效果良好,并具有一定的增产作用。 相似文献
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试验表明:5.8%双氟·唑嘧磺悬浮剂(麦喜)10mL/667m2、20%氯氟吡氧乙酸乳油(使它隆)20mL/667m2 10%苯磺隆可湿性粉剂10g/667m2、20%氯氟吡氧乙酸乳油(使它隆)20mL/667m2 75%苯磺隆干悬浮剂(巨星)1g/667m2对小麦田阔叶杂草(猪殃殃、播娘蒿、荠菜)药后45d防效均在83.4%～89.8%之间,可以有效控制麦田阔叶杂草。几种除草剂对荠菜、播娘蒿的防效相当,对猪殃殃的防效,以5.8%双氟·唑嘧磺悬浮剂(麦喜)处理的最好,以75%苯磺隆干悬浮剂(巨星)处理的最差。 相似文献
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Field experiments at Lacombe on a Ponoka loam soil (9·6% organic matter) during 1982 and 1983 investigated the tolerance of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Neepawa in a weed free situation to trifluralin applied at 0·0–3·0 kg ai ha?1 in the autumn or spring and incorporated to a depth of 10 cm. Rates of trifluralin above 1·0 kg ai ha?1 applied in the autumn or spring reduced the percent stand of wheat compared to an untreated control. Two weeks after emergence the crop showed 37 or 47% injury indicated by delayed growth, following application at 1·0 kg ai ha?1 in the autumn or spring, respectively. The wheat recovered throughout the course of the growing season. At harvest, trifluralin applied in the autumn or spring at rates below 1·0 kg ai ha?1 caused a yield increase while higher rates caused a yield decrease compared to the untreated control. Spring application caused a greater yield loss than autumn application. The tolerance of spring wheat to trifluralin at rates required for weed control (1·1 kg ai ha?1 or higher) on this soil type is marginal. 相似文献
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Various control strategies for Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow) were investigated in a dense stand of the weed at Lincoln College in 1977–1978. In early spring plots were either rotary cultivated or left undisturbed. In late spring, plots of both previous treatments were either left undisturbed, rotary cultivated or sprayed with glyphosate at 1·5 kg ha?1. The whole experiment was rotary cultivated twice 1 week later and sown with Hordeum vulgure L. cv. Zephyr (barley) at 144 kg seed ha?1. MCPA + dicamba at 0·9+0·15 kg ha?1 was applied to half of each plot when the second node was detectable (Zadok 32). Rotary cultivation and glyphosate both substantially reduced the regrowth of A. millefolium but glyphosate reduced regrowth by a greater proportion when applied to undisturbed plants than when applied to plants regenerating after cultivation. Both gave a more than 95% reduction compared to the control (rotary cultivation only at sowing time) in the amount of A. millefolium present in the barley stubble in the autumn. MCPA + dicamba caused seedling mortality but did not affect the numbers of primary shoots from rhizome fragments. The grain yield of the barley increased from 2·91 t ha?1 when A. millefolium was not controlled to 4·23 t ha?1 with good control. The barley yield appeared to be restricted by competition from regenerating A. millefolium and by a nitrogen deficiency induced in some regimes by nitrogen immobilization in decaying rhizomes. 相似文献
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Early autumn soil disturbance decreases persistence of volunteer summer‐annual oilseed rape (Brassica napus) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Volunteer summer‐annual oilseed rape (sOSR; Brassica napus) is an ongoing concern in Canadian crop production. Large harvest seed losses and secondary dormancy in this species generate a persistent volunteer seedbank. Yield loss in subsequent crops, potential sOSR oil profile contamination and herbicide‐resistance trait introgression create a need for effective sOSR seedbank management. This field study evaluated the effects of timing and type of implement of post‐harvest soil disturbance and seeding a winter cereal on volunteer sOSR population persistence and demographic life‐stage transition rates at five locations in Manitoba, Canada. Following sOSR harvest and supplemental seed rain, seedbank densities ranged from 6770 to 15360 and 50 to 2610 seeds m?2 among sites in autumn and spring respectively. In contrast to European research on winter‐annual oilseed rape, early autumn soil disturbance, shortly after sOSR harvest, was the best strategy to decrease volunteer sOSR persistence (3% population persistence from autumn to spring, compared with 6% in zero tillage). Substantial autumn seedling recruitment (38% of the autumn seedbank) and subsequent winterkill contributed to lower population persistence. Soil disturbance in spring stimulated spring seedling recruitment compared with other disturbance timings (11% and 3% of the spring seedbank, respectively). The implement used for soil disturbance and seeding winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) had minimal effect on population persistence. This research showed that timing of post‐harvest soil disturbance should be utilised as an effective tactic to decrease population persistence of volunteer sOSR via stimulation of autumn seedling recruitment and concomitant winterkill. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Imidazolinone-tolerant oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) varieties are currently grown in Canada, North America, Chile and Australia with high acreage. A Europe-wide introduction has started and will be pushed further for both spring and winter varieties. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of imidazolinone tolerance for future volunteer oilseed rape control in subsequent crops, particularly winter wheat. RESULTS: A greenhouse bioassay showed cross-tolerance of imidazolinone-tolerant oilseed rape towards sulfonylureas, triazolopyrimidines and sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinones (resistance factors between 5 and 775), with a homozygous variety expressing a much higher tolerance level compared with a heterozygous variety. Calculated ED90 values suitable for controlling tolerant plants were always much higher than the recommended herbicide dose. Generally, results were confirmed under field conditions, but with higher efficacies than expected in some cases (e.g. florasulam). Herbicides with an alternative mode of action were found to be effective in controlling imidazolinone-tolerant volunteers in subsequent winter wheat crops. CONCLUSION: Herbicide strategies have to be adjusted for volunteer control in subsequent crops if imidazolinone-tolerant oilseed rape varieties are to be grown. However, agronomic tools (harvest date, harvest technique, tillage) should be used conscientiously in the first place to keep volunteer oilseed rape densities at the lowest possible level. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Broadcast sprays of several herbicides were applied at different times of the year at several sites in Hawkes Bay, Canterbury and Otago. For good thistle control, date of application was more important than types of herbicide. In Hawkes Bay, applications made in April, May and June tended to be the most effective. Under slightly cooler Canterbury conditions, April, September and October were the best application dates. In the Otago trials, spring emergence of thistle seedlings meant that the most consistent results came from September or October applications. At all sites, applications made in July or August were relatively ineffective, probably because of low winter temperatures and slow thistle growth rates. MCPA (potassium salt) at 1·0 kg ha?1 was the standard herbicide used in all experiments. MCPA at 0·5 kg ha?1, MCPB (sodium salt) at 0·5 and 1·0 kg ha?1 and 2,4-D at 0·5 kg ha?1 did not kill as many thistles as MCPA at 1·0 kg ha?1. MCPA at 1·5 kg ha?1 and MCPB (butyl) ester + clopyralid at 0·5 + 0·015 or 1·0+0·03 kg ha?1 gave consistently better control than MCPA at 1·0 kg ha?1 2,4-D at 1·0 or 1·5 kg ha?1, MCPB at 1·5 or 2·0 kg ha?1, and MCPA + MCPB at 0·33 + 1·0 or 0·67 + 0·5 kg ha?1 gave results very similar to MCPA at 1 kg ha?1. Thistle control varied between sites and years. Some of the variation may have been due to different proportions of first and second year thistles present at spraying, and to variation in genetically determined herbicide susceptibility. Chemical control of thistles was short term only, because of dormant seeds in the soil. 相似文献
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B.J. WILSON 《Weed Research》1980,20(1):65-70
Mixed infestations of Alopecurus m yosuroides Huds. and broad-leaved weeds in winter cereals were controlled with a commercial formulation of ioxynil + bromoxynil + mecoprop. used in mixtures or as sequences with isoproturon or clofop-isobutyl. As well as controlling A. myosuroides the mixtures, applied in the autumn, gave good control of Veronica persica Poir., Galium aparine L. Lilhospermum arvense L. and Viola arvensis Murr. weeds which were resistant to isoproturon used alone. A. myosuroides had the major influence on crop yield in three experiments. High infestations of A. myosuroides reduced the broad-leaved weeds so that crop yields were only slightly improved when all the weeds were controlled compared with the control of A. myosuroides alone. In the remaining experiment. V. persica was very competitive with wheat; additional control of A. myosuroides improved yields considerably. Ioxynil + bromoxynil + mecoprop gave better final control of broad-leaved weeds when applied in the spring rather than the autumn but the sequence of a spring application following isoproturon or clofop-isobutyl in the autumn did not improve yields compared with the mixtures applied in the autumn. In all experiments, the highest yields were obtained from controlling both A. myosuroides and broad-leaved weeds in the autumn, provided that good control of A. myosuroides was obtained. 相似文献
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双氟磺草胺的除草活性及对不同小麦品种的安全性评价 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
双氟磺草胺为三唑并嘧啶磺酰胺类除草剂,为了明确其在我国北方麦田的应用前景,采用室内生测法研究双氟磺草胺的杀草谱、除草活性及对不同小麦品种安全性。双氟磺草胺对麦田常见阔叶杂草活性较高,对麦田恶性杂草播娘蒿、麦瓶草、麦家公、猪殃殃和荠菜的除草活性均高于常用除草剂苯磺隆,毒力倍数分别为1.56、6.26、1.65、18.27和22.75。济南17和山优2号2种小麦对双氟磺草胺的耐药性分别为苯磺隆的2.57倍和11.66倍。双氟磺草胺在小麦与5种杂草之间的选择性指数(11.16～49.32)远优于苯磺隆。该除草剂对小麦苗期的株高及鲜重有抑制作用,且对不同小麦品种的影响差异显著,其中对临麦2号、济宁13及济南17的株高和鲜重抑制率相对较高,对潍麦8号、山农6号及泰山9818等相对较低。研究表明双氟磺草胺具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
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This study reviews 52 field experiments, mostly from the UK, studying the effects of cultivation techniques, sowing date, crop density and cultivar choice on Alopecurus myosuroides infestations in cereal crops. Where possible, a statistical meta‐analysis has been used to calculate average responses to the various cultural practices and to estimate their variability. In 25 experiments, mouldboard ploughing prior to sowing winter cereals reduced A. myosuroides populations by an average of 69%, compared with non‐inversion tillage. Delaying drilling from September to the end of October decreased weed plant densities by approximately 50%. Sowing wheat in spring achieved an 88% reduction in A. myosuroides plant densities compared with autumn sowing. Increasing winter wheat crop density above 100 plants m?2 had no effect on weed plant numbers, but reduced the number of heads m?2 by 15% for every additional increase in 100 crop plants, up to the highest density tested (350 wheat plants m?2). Choosing more competitive cultivars could decrease A. myosuroides heads m?2 by 22%. With all cultural practices, outcomes were highly variable and effects inconsistent. Farmers are more likely to adopt cultural measures and so reduce their reliance on herbicides, if there were better predictions of likely outcomes at the individual field level. 相似文献