共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
采用高效液相色谱法,在(23.1±0.8)℃水温条件下,对环丙沙星和磺胺二甲嘧啶两种抗菌药物在健康大菱鲆体内的代谢动力学规律进行了比较研究。结果显示,单次口服环丙沙星和磺胺二甲嘧啶后,药物在血浆中的经时过程均符合一级吸收二室开放模型,表达方程分别为CCIP=14.811e-0.337t+4.028e-0.063t-18.839e-0.616t、CSM2=64.981e-0.141t+4.59e-0.004t-69.571e-0.19t;静脉注射这两种药物后,药物在血浆中经时过程均符合无级吸收二室开放模型,表达方程分别为CCIP=21.784e-1.098t+1.514e-0.043t、CSM2=33.028e-5.687t+8.674e-0.013t。口服相同剂量(20 mg/kg)药物后,对血浆的药代动力学参数进行比较,环丙沙星的Tmax(6 h)、Cmax(5.385μg/mL)、t1/2Ka(1.125h)、t1/2α(2.057 h)和t1/2β(11.028 h)均小于磺胺二甲嘧啶给药(8 h、13.990μg/mL、3.647 h、4.923 h和173.407 h),且F(60.57%)大于磺胺二甲嘧啶给药F(47.13%)。证实环丙沙星在大菱鲆体内的吸收、分布、消除速度,达峰时间均快于磺胺二甲嘧啶给药,且比磺胺二甲嘧啶给药吸收完全。根据本实验的结果,环丙沙星和磺胺二甲嘧啶的合理给药方案分别为28.01 mg/kg和18.32 mg/kg,均为每日1次给药,连用3～5 d。 相似文献
2.
本实验按 0 .6 mg/ kg BW单剂量对健康仔猪口服亚硒酸钠溶液后 ,首次系统地研究了其在血液中药物代谢动力学。实验结果表明 :血液动力学特征符合一级吸收二室开放模型 ,其理论方程为 :C=0 .0 82 0 e- 0 .0 4 2 1 t 0 .10 5 0 e- 0 .0 0 1 4t- 0 .1870 e- 2 .2 541 t。主要动力学参数为 :吸收半衰期 (t1 / 2 Ka)为 0 .30 75 h;达峰时间 (tmax)为 2 .15 17h;消除半衰期 (t1 / 2β)为 5 10 .2 70 6 h;曲线下面积 (AU C)为 75 .14 6 0 mg/ L· h;表观分布容积 (Vd)为 5 .5 74 2 L/ kg。根据单剂量药动学参数 ,计算多剂量给药参数 ,为临床治疗制订给药方案。先导剂量 (D* )为 1.2 2 6 2 mg/ kg BW,维持剂量(D0 )为 0 .6 m g/ kg BW,给药间隔 (τ)为 4 80 h,平均稳态血药浓度 (с)为 0 .15 6 6 μg/ m l 相似文献
3.
按 0 .2 m g/ kg单剂量对健康仔猪肌注亚硒酸钠溶液后 ,研究了其在血液中的药物代谢动力学。结果表明 :血液动力学特征符合一级吸收二室开放模型 ,其理论方程为 :C=0 .1773e- 0 .0 548t+0 .0 72 7e- 0 .0 0 2 6 t- 0 .2 5 0 0 e- 1 3.882 3t。主要动力学参数为 :吸收半衰期 (t1 /2 Ka)为 0 .0 4 99h;达峰时间 (tmax)为 0 .4 2 37h;消除半衰期 (t1 /2β)为 2 71.9311h;曲线下面积 (AU C)为 31.72 6 0 m g/ L·h;表观分布容积 (Vd)为 2 .4 72 1L/ kg。根据单剂量药动学参数 ,计算多剂量给药参数 ,为临床治疗制定给药方案。先导剂量 (D* )为 0 .5 0 89m g/ kg,维持剂量 (D0 )为 0 .2 mg/ kg,给药间隔 (τ)为 192 h,平均稳态血药浓度 (c)为 0 .16 5 2 mg/ L。 相似文献
4.
健康赛马6匹,随机分为2组,分别以5 mg/kg体重和2.5 mg/kg体重2个剂量静注复方丁氨丙磷注射液。用液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)测定血清中药物浓度,采用3p97药代动力学程序软件对所得药-时数据进行处理。结果表明,血清中丁氨丙磷的浓度下降很快,无论高剂量组还是低剂量组,24 h后血清中均无丁氨丙磷检出(检测限10 ng/mL)。高剂量和低剂量静注药-时数据均符合权重1/C2的二室模型。平均最高浓度分别为高剂量组87.81μg/mL和低剂量组10.22μg/mL,Tmax均为1 min。血药浓度-时间方程为高剂量:C=98.40e-0.31t 6.15e-0.0089t,低剂量:C=6.87e-0.048t 6.15e-0.0079t,高、低剂量组的消除相半衰期t1/2beta分别为77.78 min和87.37 min。药-时曲线下面积(AUC)高剂量组为1 005.55(μg/mL).min和低剂量组为565.16(μg/mL).min,说明该药在马体内的消除速度比较快。 相似文献
5.
为了研究二氯喹啉酸、苄嘧磺隆2种除草剂在燕麦(Avena sativa)田土壤中的残留降解特性,2016年4月分别以二氯喹啉酸推荐剂量225 g a.i.·hm~(-2)、1.5倍推荐剂量337.5 g a.i.·hm~(-2),苄嘧磺隆推荐剂量34 g a.i.·hm~(-2)、1.5倍推荐剂量51 g a.i.·hm~(-2)于燕麦3–4叶期喷施,探究2种除草剂在燕麦田土壤中0～60 d的自然降解情况。残留量用高效液相色谱法定量测定,结果表明,两种除草剂的降解均符合一级动力学模型,二氯喹啉酸在燕麦田土壤中的半衰期为23.6～26.7 d,苄嘧磺隆半衰期为17.9～20.1 d,均为易降解农药。该方法下,土壤添加水平为0.05、0.5和1.0 mg·kg~(-1)时,二氯喹啉酸和苄嘧磺隆的回收率分别为85.63%～89.27%和80.26%～91.61%,相对标准偏差分别为2.17%～6.33%和3.28%～6.52%。 相似文献
6.
《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2012,(6)
实验研究了30日龄肉鸡按55.38mg/kg·bw剂量灌服10%硫酸锰溶液后不同时间采血,应用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定血药浓度,经微机处理得出血药浓度及药动学参数,血药浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收一室开放模型,最佳药时方程:C=80.8013(e-0.0709t-e-0.4402t)。主要药动学参数:t1/2Ka为1.5747hrs,t1/2Ke为9.7698hrs,tp为5.6617hrs,Cmax为48.3581ug/L,AUC为967.9305(μg/L)·h。根据单剂量给药参数,计算出多剂量给药参数。τ定为12h,(C∝)max为95.997μg/L,为80.6609μg/L,(C∝)min为4.0668μg/L,D为3.2794mg/kg·bw,D0为1.8789mg/kg·bw,R为1.7454。 相似文献
7.
为了筛选安全高效的燕麦田除草剂,选用50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂和40%二甲·辛酰溴乳油两种除草剂,以不同浓度混配后施于燕麦田,研究其对燕麦田杂草的防除效果以及对燕麦安全性和产量的影响。结果表明:不同处理对杂草的防效差异显著(P0.05),混配处理的防效平均在75%,高于各单剂处理。药后15d40%二甲·辛酰溴乳油和50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂混配处理(1 400mL/hm2+225g/hm2)的株防效最高,为86.23%。药后30d的防效同样以40%二甲·辛酰溴乳油和50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂混配处理(1 400mL/hm2+225g/hm2)的最高,其鲜重防效可达到98.81%。40%二甲·辛酰溴乳油和50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂混配处理(1 400mL/hm2+225g/hm2)还能显著提高燕麦干草产量,与对照相比可增产16.4%,达到10 404kg/hm2。籽粒产量以40%二甲·辛酰溴乳油和50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂(700mL/hm2+225g/hm2)处理最高,为2 564.27kg/hm2,相比对照增产37.4%。 相似文献
8.
为评价10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、10%氯氰菊酯乳油和48%毒死蜱乳油对苜蓿蚜虫和蓟马的防治效果和安全性,采用田间喷雾法和气相色谱法测定了3种杀虫剂对苜蓿蚜虫和蓟马的防治效果及其在春季紫花苜蓿中的残留消解动态和最终残留量。结果表明,吡虫啉、氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱在剂量分别为35.7 g a.i. (g有效成分)/hm2、75.0 g a.i./hm2和480.0 g a.i./hm2时,药后1~7 d对苜蓿蚜虫的防效为80.83%~94.78%、79.29%~87.80%和90.93%~98.90%;对苜蓿蓟马的防效为78.33%~95.57%、78.56%~91.67%和92.78%~100.00%;在紫花苜蓿中的半衰期分别为4.78,3.69和2.48 d。按推荐使用量施药,吡虫啉和毒死蜱药后7 d在苜蓿中的残留量均低于0.5 mg/kg,氯氰菊酯药后14 d在苜蓿中的残留量均低于0.5 mg/kg。参照我国和国际食品法典委员会(CAC)农药残留限量要求,拟建议吡虫啉、氯氰菊酯和毒死蜱在紫花苜蓿的最高残留限量(MRL)分别为0.5,1.0和0.5 mg/kg,安全间隔期分别为7,14和7 d。 相似文献
9.
采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪建立了香蕉中高效氯氟氰菊酯的测定方法,研究了高效氯氟氰菊酯在香蕉中的残留消解动态规律和最终残留量。香蕉样品经乙腈提取,氯化钠盐析分层后,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)净化去除杂质后,以多反应监测模式(MRM)测定。试验结果表明：在0.002~0.500 mg/kg范围内,高效氯氟氰菊酯的质量浓度与对应的峰面积间呈良好线性关系。在添加水平为0.005 mg/kg,0.050 mg/kg,0.500 mg/kg下,高效氯氟氰菊酯的回收率为75%~96%。相对准偏差为3.3%~8.7%,可满足香蕉中高效氯氟氰菊酯残留检测的要求。云南和福建两地的田间试验结果表明,高效氯氟氰菊酯在香蕉中的半衰期分别为15.7 d和17.2 d,较易降解。在推荐剂量18.77 g ai/hm2和1.5倍剂量28.15 g ai/hm2,施药2~3次,距最后一次施药后21 d采集分析,香蕉中高效氯氟氰菊酯最终残留量为0.005~0.146 mg/kg。建议使用推荐剂量18.77 g ai/hm2进行施药,施药次数2次,采收安全间隔期为21 d。 相似文献
10.
溴虫腈在桑叶中的残留毒性与降解动态检测 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为了保证桑园喷施杀虫剂溴虫腈后的养蚕用叶安全,采用食下毒叶法测定了溴虫腈对家蚕的残留毒性,用气相色谱法检测了喷药后不同时间桑叶中的药剂残留动态变化。结果表明:桑园内分别喷施250、200、150、100、50mg/L溴虫腈,检测到药剂在桑叶的残留毒性期分别为>5 d、>5 d、3 d、1 d和0 d;200 mg/L溴虫腈在桑叶中的降解动态方程为C=95.335e-0.159 9t(R2=0.906 8),半衰期为4.33 d,此检测方法的最低检出药剂残留质量比为3.97×10-4mg/kg;桑树盛产期喷洒100 mg/L溴虫腈后2 h、1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、14 d、21 d和28 d,药剂在桑叶中的残留量分别为40.969、39.814、20.226、18.726、9.975、5.522、2.774和0.026 mg/kg;200 mg/L和100 mg/L溴虫腈2次喷施处理桑叶21 d后的最终残留量分别为12.958、4.242 mg/kg。10%溴虫腈悬浮剂用于桑树害虫或害螨防治的建议使用浓度为100 mg/L,采叶安全间隔期为施药后5 d。 相似文献
11.
杀菌剂多菌灵在桑叶中的消解动态研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
多菌灵(carbendazim)是家蚕微粒子病的防治药物。将50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂分别稀释至1000和500倍药液后喷洒桑树,用高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测桑叶中多菌灵的残留和消解动态。结果表明:桑树喷洒稀释1000倍的多菌灵药液后,桑叶中药物的消解动态方程为Ct=4.5339e-0.2215t,药物的半衰期T1/2=3.13d;喷洒稀释500倍的多菌灵药液后,桑叶中药物的消解动态方程为Ct=6.0527e-0.1030t,药物的半衰期T1/2=6.73d。多菌灵在桑叶中的残留与消解动态显示低浓度(稀释1000倍)的药液在桑叶中的降解更快,所以建议生产上适当采用高浓度药液喷施桑树,并根据相应的药物消解动态数据确定桑叶采摘时期,以保证家蚕食下药叶对微粒子病的防治效果。 相似文献
12.
克炎晶对奶牛乳房炎的治疗试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用克炎晶采用不同给药途径、不同剂量、不同疗程,对24例临床型乳房炎患牛和8例隐性乳房炎患牛进行了分组治疗试验。结果表明,每千克体重使用克炎晶0.5～1.0mg1～2次就能有效杀灭隐性乳房炎致病菌;对于临床型乳房炎,每千克体重0.5～1.0mg剂量总有效率为60%(9/15),而1.5mg总有效率为88.9%(8/9)。乳区基部注射总有效率为77.8%(7/9);乳池内注入总有效率为88.9%(8/9);肌肉注射总有效率为33.3%(2/6)。因此,临床治疗时应选择每千克体重1.5mg作为用药剂量,乳房基部注射和乳池内注入作为用药方法,疗程为3～5d。 相似文献
13.
三唑磷在养殖泥蚶和缢蛏中的积累和消除规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
泥蚶和缢蛏是两种典型的不同生活习性的贝类，在养殖过程中为清除敌害生物而施用的三唑磷，能在可食组织中残留。通过模拟养殖环境对养殖泥蚶和缢蛏给药，采用GC—NPD分析三唑磷在养殖泥蚶和缢蛏中的积累和消除规律。结果表明给药24h后，三唑磷在泥蚶和缢蛏体内的浓度均迅速上升，分别为0．42mg／kg和2．97mg／kg。泥蚶中三唑磷的消除速度相对较慢，第10天体内三唑磷降至0．14mg／kg，缢蛏中的三唑磷消除速度较快，100h后体内三唑磷降至0．021mg／kg。泥蚶和缢蛏浓度-时间消除曲线方程分别为y=1．549e^-0.345t和y=1．667e^-1.336t，二者的t1／2为2．1d和3．0d，组织中浓度隆至0．01mg／kg，即t0.01为17．8d和4．7d． 相似文献
14.
Methidathion applied to cattle as a pour-on insecticide for control of lice (predominantly Linognathus vituli, but also Haematopinus eurysternus and Damalinia bovis) caused a reduction in the lice population of approximately 98% to 99% in laboratory trials at the minimum recommended dose of 4 mg/kg and a 98.8% to 100% efficiency was achieved in field trials. In a comparative efficiency trial in the laboratory methidathion at 3.5 to 5 mg/kg reduced the lice population by 98.8% to 99%, fenthion by 98.5% at 4.5 mg/kg and famphur by 99.7% at 16.5 mg/kg. Methidathion was tolerated by calves aged 15 to 20 weeks at dose rates up to 40 mg/kg indicating an approximate 7 fold safety margin, but 1 of 4 calves treated at 50 mg/kg died following treatment. Treatment with fenthion at 50 mg/kg, 7.4 times the average recommended rate, famphur at 75 mg/kg, 3 times the average rate and chlorpyrifos at 85 mg/kg, 5 times average rate, caused reductions in whole blood cholinesterase activity of 52%, 27% and 47% respectively which were similar to the reductions in cholinesterase activity found in calves treated with methidathion at similar levels above the recommended commercial dose rates. It was found that 2 day old calves were more sensitive to treatment with methidathion than calves 9 or 16 days old. A further 11,900 cattle of varying age, breed and sex were treated with methidathion under field conditions at the recommended rate of 4 to 8 mg/kg, and 534 cattle were treated at 24 mg/kg without any signs of toxicity. 相似文献
15.
Summary The time courses of the total (Ct) and unbound plasma (Cf) concentration after the i.v. injection of 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg of sulphadimethoxine (SDM) were examined in pigs; The area under the Ct‐time curve per unit dose decreased dose‐dependently. Vdarea and total body clearance of Ct increased dose‐dependently. The concentration‐dependent plasma protein binding of SDM was evident after 50 and 100 mg/kg. The time courses of Cf en Ct after 3 doses were analysed by a one compartment open model with nonlinear plasma protein binding. The agreement between calculated curves of Cf and Ct and the observed values, and relative constancy of pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained over 3 doses. These results suggested that the nonlinear pharmacokinetics of SDM was caused by saturable plasma protein binding. The multiple i.v. dose of SDM was based on the dosage regimen using the nonlinear pharmacokinetic model (50 mg/kg, 24 hour interval, 4 days). The observed Cf was maintained in the intended range by the dosage regimen. Therefore, the dosage regimen based on the nonlinear pharmacokinetics may allow the unbound concentration after i.v. injection of SDM in pigs to be controlled. 相似文献
16.
The time courses of the total (Ct) and unbound plasma (Cf) concentration after the i.v. injection of 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg of sulphadimethoxine (SDM) were examined in pigs. The area under the Ct-time curve per unit dose decreased dose-dependently. Vdarea and total body clearance of Ct increased dose-dependently. The concentration-dependent plasma protein binding of SDM was evident after 50 and 100 mg/kg. The time courses of Cf en Ct after 3 doses were analyzed by a one compartment open model with nonlinear plasma protein binding. The agreement between calculated curves of Cf and Ct and the observed values, and relative constancy of pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained over 3 doses. These results suggested that the nonlinear pharmacokinetics of SDM was caused by saturable plasma protein binding. The multiple i.v. dose of SDM was based on the dosage regimen using the nonlinear pharmacokinetic model (50 mg/kg, 24 hour interval, 4 days). The observed Cf was maintained in the intended range by the dosage regimen. Therefore, the dosage regimen based on the nonlinear pharmacokinetics may allow the unbound concentration after i.v. injection of SDM in pigs to be controlled. 相似文献
17.
Anthelmintics for the control of nematode infections in the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)
AIMS: To determine the efficacy of eprinomectin, doramectin and a combination of albendazole and levamisole in suppressing or eliminating nematode infections or faecal egg counts (FEC) in possums naturally or experimentally infected with Parastrongyloides trichosuri, Paraustrostrongylus trichosuri and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. METHODS: To establish an effective dose of eprinomectin, groups of naturally infected possums were treated with 0, 0.5, 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5 mg/kg liveweight (LW) eprinomectin pour-on (n=6 possums/group) and changes in FEC and nematode worm counts at necropsy determined, 18 days later. Efficacy of the 7.5 mg/kg dose was re-examined in a second group of naturally infected possums (n=12) by monitoring FEC weekly for 28 days post-treatment. Persistence of the anthelmintic effect of doramectin injection was tested using nematode-free possums treated with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 or 0.8 mg/kg LW (n=3 possums/ group), which were experimentally infected 14 days later with T. colubriformis, Paraustrostrongylus trichosuri and Parastrongyloides trichosuri infective larvae. Response to treatment was assessed by FEC and nematode worm counts at necropsy, 42 days posttreatment. Efficacy of a 1.0 mg/kg dose of doramectin was subsequently examined using naturally infected possums (n=11) by monitoring FEC weekly for 28 days post-treatment. To determine the efficacy of a levamisole-albendazole combination drench, possums with naturally acquired nematode infections (n=6) were treated orally with 37.5 mg/kg LW levamisole plus 23.75 mg/kg LW albendazole on 2 occasions, 7 days apart, and response to treatment was assessed by monitoring FEC for 57 days. RESULTS: Eprinomectin 7.5 mg/kg LW reduced Paraustrostrongylus trichosuri worm counts by 98 % (p<0.05). Doramectin 0.6 mg/kg LW reduced Parastrongyloides trichosuri and Trichostrongylus spp worm counts by 99% (p<0.05) and 0.8 mg/kg LW reduced Paraustrostrongylus trichosuri by 100% (p<0.05), in possums challenged with larvae 14 days after treatment. Treating possums with a levamisole-albendazole combination orally, twice, 7-days apart, reduced FEC by 99%. CONCLUSIONS: The doses of anthelmintics required to effectively control nematodes in possums were higher than those recommended for animals for which they are currently registered. Possums tolerate the high dose rates of anthelmintics used in this study without apparent adverse effects. 相似文献
18.
西北荒漠绿洲区紫花苜蓿土壤有效磷丰缺指标与推荐施磷量 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用零散实验数据整合法和养分平衡-地力差减法,开展了西北荒漠绿洲区苜蓿测土施磷系统研究,以期为我国西北荒漠绿洲区紫花苜蓿测土施肥奠定科学基础。结果表明,我国西北荒漠绿洲区苜蓿土壤有效磷第1~7级丰缺指标依次为≥46mg/kg、20~46mg/kg、9~20mg/kg、4~9mg/kg、2~4mg/kg、1~2mg/kg和<1mg/kg;当目标产量为12~27t/hm^2、磷素利用率20%时,第1~7级土壤之推荐施磷量分别为0、36~81kg/hm^2、72~162kg/hm^2、108~243kg/hm^2、144~324kg/hm^2、180~405kg/hm^2和216~486kg/hm^2。 相似文献