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1.
AIMS: To investigate the epidemiology of Yersinia species in healthy goats in New Zealand, in particular to determine the prevalence of farms with infected goats, the prevalence of infected goats on those farms, the serotypes involved, and potential risk factors for carriage. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of the prevalence of Yersinia infection in infected flocks in a study population of thirty commercial goat farms in the Manawatu region of New Zealand. RESULTS: Infection was detected on 60% of farms in an initial study. In a prevalence study on 18 infected farms, the study population comprised 6770 animals (mean of 376, median of 175 and range of 36 to 1295 goats/farm). Of 902 goats (296 < 1 year, 178 1 to 2 years, and 428 > 2 years) sampled from the study population, 135 (73 < 1 year, 21 1 to 2 years, and 41 > 2 years) were excreting Yersinia spp, giving an overall prevalence of 14.97% (95% confidence interval [CI]; 12.8 to 17.4) with individual farm prevalences ranging from 0.0 (+ 7.9) to 58.14% (95% Cl, 43.3 to 71.6). Goats < 1 year were more likely to be infected than 1-2 year and > 2 year old animals (relative risk [RR] = 2.1; 95% Cl, 1.3 to 3.3) and 2.6 (95% Cl, 1.8 to 3.6) respectively), but there was no significant difference between risks for 1 to 2 year and > 2 year goats (RR = 1.2; 95% CI, 0.7 to 2.0). Yersinia enterocolitica was the most common species isolated in the youngest age group, with prevalence declining with increasing age, while other species were more common in the older age groups. CONCLUSION: Yersinia infections were common in goats in the study region, with younger animals apparently more susceptible to infection and in particular to infection with Y enterocolitica. The prevalence on infected farms appeared to decrease as flock size increased and to increase as stocking rates and the number of paddocks grazed increased.  相似文献   

2.
To develop an effective method to isolate an injured pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 organism from environmental samples, we compared the isolation of freeze-injured and non-injured Y. enterocolitica O:8 and found that the isolation was more successful when immuno-magnetic separation (IMS) with anti-Y. enterocolitica O:8 antibody was used. Plating onto cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) agar and Virulent Yersinia enterocolitica (VYE) agar by means of the agar layer method was found to be effective in isolating the injured cells. The alkali treatment which is generally used for selective detection of Yersinia organism failed to isolate freeze-injured pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O:8 cells. Recovery methods without using the alkali treatment were superior for detecting freeze-injured Y. enterocolitica O:8. Our results demonstrate that the IMS and the agar layer methods should be used to isolate injured pathogenic Yersinia organisms from environmental samples such as water.  相似文献   

3.
Pathogenic Yersinia strains were isolated between December 1998 and April 1999 from 37 wild animals: rabbit (Lepus europeus), boar (Sus scrofa scrofa), asiatic jackal (Canis aureus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), mouflon (Ovis musimon), european river otter (Lutra lutra), beech marten (Martes foina), polecat (Musleta putorius) and wild cat (Felis silvestris). It was established that among the wild animals Y. enterocolitica strains of serotype 0:3 predominated, accompanied by Y. pseudotuberculosis strains of serotype 0:3. In one sample from asiatic jackal and one sample from rabbit, Y. enterocolitica serotype 0:8 was isolated. Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis strains were isolated from tonsils and tongues as well as from the viscera--lung, liver, heart, spleen, kidney and lymph nodes, mainly in young animals (1-2 years of age). The results showed that wild animals are a possible natural reservoir for pathogenic Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis and are included in the epidemiological chain of yersinioses.  相似文献   

4.
A group of buffaloes aborted at the third trimester of their gestational period. Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from all cases. All aborted animal sera had high antibody titres against Y. enterocolitica antigen which crossreacted significantly with Brucella abortus antigen. All animals were culturally negative after intrauterine infusion of gentamycin sulphate (160 mg/day) for three consecutive days.  相似文献   

5.
The level of non-specific reactions found in the brucellosis serology of ruminants in New Zealand was very low until July 1992. This changed when, in an export consignment of 1071 deer, 35% reacted in the Brucella abortus tube agglutination test with titres varying from 50 to 200 IU. The reactors were also positive in the Rose-Bengal agglutination test and most of them reacted in the complement fixation test with titres varying from 10 to 80 IU. Yersinia enterocolitica 0:9 was later isolated from one deer of this consignment. It was the first isolate of this serotype recovered in New Zealand from an animal. Shortly after, false reactors occurred more frequently than before in sera from Brucella abortus accredited free cattle herds. As the involvement of Yersinia enterocolitica 0:9 was suspected in these cases, faecal samples from reactors and in-contact animals were cultured for this organism. Yersinia enterocolitica 0:9 was isolated from nine of 19 herds showing one or more false Brucella abortus seroreactions. Prior to 1990, Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:9 had not been isolated in New Zealand, despite the recovery of a number of other bio- or serotypes of the organism from humans and animals. From 1990 onward, serotype 0:9 began to be isolated from human faecal samples with increasing frequency. Since the first isolations from deer and cattle in 1992, it has now also been recovered from a cat and an alpaca and from cattle without any association with false positive Brucella abortus reactions. All serotype 0:9 isolates were of biotype 2.  相似文献   

6.
Enteritis in sheep and goats due to Yersinia enterocolitica infection   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 5, serotype 02,3 was isolated from the intestine of 38 sheep and 8 goats submitted to the laboratory for disease diagnosis. Infected animals were usually young, had diarrhoea and were in poor condition or emaciated. A number were moribund or dead when submitted. Characteristic microabscesses were demonstrated in the intestine of 5 of 38 sheep and 3 of 8 goats and no alternative cause of morbidity or mortality was established in these animals. Of the 33 sheep and 5 goats infected with Y. enterocolitica in which microabscesses were not demonstrated, a number of other diagnoses were made, including internal parasitism (18), selenium deficiency or white muscle disease (6) and cobalt deficiency (2), so that morbidity and mortality were possibly unrelated to Y. enterocolitica infection. Five of 6 sheep exposed experimentally by mouth to Y. enterocolitica biotype 5, serotype 02,3 developed an intestinal infection. Although infected sheep showed no clinical evidence of disease and haematological and biochemical indices remained normal, multiple intestinal microabscesses typical of yersiniosis were demonstrated in 3 of 5 infected sheep. It is concluded that Y. enterocolitica biotype 5, serotype 02,3 is an enteropathogen of sheep and goats. Since sheep and goats may be the specific hosts of this bacterium, its virulence for these species is apparently low. Morbidity and mortality may, therefore, be unusual manifestations of infection.  相似文献   

7.
Attempts were made to define the Brucella abortus and Yersinia enterocolitica IX infection status of animal populations by means of selected agglutination tests. The Brucella abortus O, the Yersinia enterocolitica IX OH and the Y enterocolitica IX H agglutinin titres were measured in a large number of cattle, goat and pig sera In the goats and, to a much lesser extent, the pigs, the relationships between these titres suggested that Yersinia infection was common. In contrast, the results from the cattle sera were complex and tended to indicate the presence of both Yersinia infection and brucellosis.  相似文献   

8.
The prevalence of human pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica isolates in livestock farming is of paramount interest. Raw goat milk has been proposed as a source of human yersiniosis; however, no data on the prevalence of human strains of Y. enterocolitica in goat herds are available. Therefore, fecal samples (n = 575) were collected from 24 goat herds from Lower Saxony, northern Germany. Pre-enrichment in peptone, sorbitol and bile salts broth was followed by plating on cefsuloidin irgasan novobiocin agar. Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from 17 (3%) samples of five (21%) goat herds. All isolates were biovar 1A, but represented various serovars. PCR assays targeting Yersinia adhesin (yad) gene and the yopT gene, both associated with pathogenicity, produced no amplification products. Therefore, the isolates can be regarded as opportunistic apathogenic bacteria. Consequently, milk, cheese or meat from goats should not be considered as an important source for human yersiniosis.  相似文献   

9.
The efficacy of enterocoliticin, a phage tail-like bacteriocin, as antimicrobial compound against infections with pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O3 strains was assessed. In cell cultures, which were infected with the Y. enterocolitica strains 13 169 or 6471/76, bactericidal activity of enterocoliticin was found for bacteria adhering to the surface of eukaryotic cells, whereas bacteria, which had invaded the eukaryotic cells, were not accessible to the bacteriocin. The interaction of enterocoliticin with Y. enterocolitica was further examined in animals. Female BALB/c mice were experimentally infected with the two Y. enterocolitica strains and enterocoliticin was applied as antimicrobial compound by the oral route. Experimental variations concerning the infectious doses of the Y. enterocolitica strains and the time points of application of the bacteriocin were investigated. The increase of the Yersinia CFU titre in animals was retarded at time points shortly after the application of enterocoliticin indicating that the particles were effective on recently introduced Yersinia. The repeated application of enterocoliticin, however, did not prevent the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by Yersinia.  相似文献   

10.
The subject of this study was thirty nine strains of Yersinia enterocolitica, isolated from faeces of humans who showed symptoms typical of intestinal yersiniosis, and seventy strains of Y enterocolitica, four strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis, and one strain of Y. kristensenii from healthy pigs. In the population tested the following serogroups appeared: O3, O9, O2, O5. A PCR was used to detect the presence of pathogenic chromosomal markers, such as myfA and inv genes of the tested Yersinia species. Among Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from humans and belonging to serogroup O3 (thirty four strains) and serogroup O9 (five strains) thirty three Y. enterocolitica O3 strains and four Y. enterocolifica O9 strains, gave a positive reaction to the nmyfA gene, yielding a fragment of 280 base pairs (bp). Among seventy Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from pigs forty strains belonging to serogroup O3 and fifteen strains belonging to serogroup O9 gave a positive reaction to the myfA gene. The presence of 390 bp amplified products, corresponding to the inv gene fragment, was detected in PCR products of three Y pseudotlluberculosis strains from pigs and only in one Y. enterocolitica O3 strain from humans, which had no myfA gene. The results obtained show that the myfA gene is only present in the strains that belong to pathogenic serotypes of Y. enterocolitica. The myfA gene prevailed in the Y. enterocolitica O3 and O9 strains from humans but was less common in the Y. enterocolitica O3 and O9 strains from pigs.  相似文献   

11.
The rectal contents of 330 cull cows and 66 lambs were sampled over the 1984-1985 killing season at a New Zealand freezing works for the presence of Yersinia species. Samples from the cows revealed one isolation of Y. pseudotuberculosis and one isolation of Y. intermedia. Samples from the lambs gave thirteen isolates of Y. enterocolitica, three of Y. inter-media, two of Y. pseudotuberculosis and one of Y. frederiksenii. Two of the isolates of Y. enterocolitica were shown to be serotype 0:3. Although no parallel studies were carried out on young cattle or adult sheep, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that Yersinia infection primarily involves young animals. Thus there exists the potential for transmission of the above species of Yersinia from young animals to man which needs further detailed study.  相似文献   

12.
Yersinia (Y.) pseudotuberculosis infections may lead to significant lethality in European brown hare (Lepus europaeus, Pallas) populations especially during the cold and wet seasons. In recent decades, also Y. enterocolitica was isolated from hares found dead. Consequently, a Western-blot technique proved to be valuable for the detection of antibodies against all pathogenic Yersinia isolates was applied to monitor the prevalence of antibodies in hare populations in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany. A total of 89.6% of the 230 animals tested was seropositive. Further investigations should be performed to elucidate the role of subclinical yersiniosis in the decline of European brown hare populations in Germany.  相似文献   

13.
A survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of Yersiniae in wild passerines in the lower half of the North island of New Zealand over a period of 12 months. Samples of soil, water and foliage were also collected. Out of a total of 1370 avian samples, only two strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis were isolated and a total of 98 strains of environmental yersiniae were identified, including Y. enterocolitica biotype 1a, Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii and Y. intermedia. No strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis were isolated from 1032 non-avian samples collected, which included 100 samples taken from wild mammals. From the non-avian samples, 51 strains of environmental Yersiniae were identified, of which the relative prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica, biotype 1a, Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii and Y. intermedia was similar to that in the rural passerines. The prevalence of Yersiniae in soil samples was greater in rural areas than in urban areas of the survey region. In both rural and urban passerine populations, the prevalence of Yersiniae was greater in the winter and early summer than at other times of the year.  相似文献   

14.
The human pathogenic strains of Yersinia harbour a conserved plasmid carrying the Yop virulon. The virulence plasmid of Yersinia enterocolitica strains belonging to the serogroups O:3 and O:9 were used as probes to detect homologous sequences in plasmids of "avirulent" Yersinia strains. "Avirulent" Yersinia strains (Y. enterocolitica biogroup 1A, Y. intermedia, Y. kristensenii and Y. frederiksenii) lack the virulence plasmid. They are widely distributed in the environment and can frequently be isolated from clinical samples. Hybridisation experiments revealed a number of common genetic elements of the virulence plasmid and the plasmids of "avirulent" Yersinia strains. These elements were identified as genes involved in plasmid replication, as an endonuclease gene and as mobile genetic elements. However, none of the plasmid encoded virulence genes was present in the plasmids of "avirulent" Yersinia strains. The frequent occurrence and the possible etiological relevance of "avirulent" isolates will be discussed.  相似文献   

15.
The distribution of agglutinating antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica type 2 in sera from goats in an infected herd, and in 190 other animals from different parts of the country was studied. The faecal excretion of Yersinia enterocolitica from the same animals was also examined. Experimental inoculations of two goats were carried out. The serological results indicate that subclinical cases had occurred in the infected herd during the enzooty and during the following months. Faecal excretion of the organism was observed during the first month after the acute phase of the disease. It was found to be difficult to induce the disease experimentally, but clinical signs were observed in 1 goat after injection of live Yersinia enterocolitica intraperitoneally. The Widal-titre rose to 1/1250 during the first 2 weeks after the inoculation and then fell to 1/80 during the next 2 months. The serological results indicate infections with Yersinia enterocolitica, if a Widal-titre of at least 1/80–1/160 in the first month after the acute phase of a disease and a fall to a low level during the following months are found. Among animals from different partst of the country 16.3 % had a Widal-titre which indicated infection with Yersinia enterocolitica during the previous 3–6 months.  相似文献   

16.
Faecal prevalence of gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens, including Campylobacter, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, as well as Arcobacter, were examined in 317 faecal specimens from 44 animal species in Belfast Zoological Gardens, during July-September 2006. Thermophilic campylobacters including Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari, were the most frequently isolated pathogens, where members of this genus were isolated from 11 animal species (11 of 44; 25%). Yersinia spp. were isolated from seven animal species (seven of 44; 15.9%) and included, Yersinia enterocolitica (five of seven isolates; 71.4%) and one isolate each of Yersinia frederiksenii and Yersinia kristensenii. Only one isolate of Salmonella was obtained throughout the entire study, which was an isolate of Salmonella dublin (O 1,9,12: H g, p), originating from tiger faeces after enrichment. None of the animal species found in public contact areas of the zoo were positive for any gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens. Also, water from the lake in the centre of the grounds, was examined for the same bacterial pathogens and was found to contain C. jejuni. This study is the first report on the isolation of a number of important bacterial pathogens from a variety of novel host species, C. jejuni from the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus), C. lari from a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), Y. kristensenii from a vicugna (Vicugna vicugna) and Y. enterocolitica from a maned wolf and red panda (Ailurus fulgens). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the faeces of animals in public contact areas of the zoo were not positive for the bacterial gastrointestinal pathogens examined. This is reassuring for the public health of visitors, particularly children, who enjoy this educational and recreational resource.  相似文献   

17.
Only three of the eleven species of the genus Yersinia are associated with disease. Y. pestis is the causative agent of plague, Y. pseudotuberculosis and several pathogenic bio/serovars of the species Y. enterocolitica cause yersiniosis. New Y. enterocolitica subspecies with diagnostic relevance have been proposed allowing the differentiation of European and American isolates. The ISO-standard (ISO 102739) summarizes the knowledge gained from enrichment and isolation of Y. enterocolitica from food and feed samples. The final biochemical identification must be carried out by classical tube testing, as commercially available test-systems are not sensitive and specific. For the assessment of the presumptive pathogenicity of a Y. enterocolitica isolate empiric virulence markers can be replaced by PCR assays targeting plasmoidal or chromosomal genes. Their evaluation in terms of routine diagnostic procedures is still missing. The definite identification of Y. enterocolitica isolates can also be achieved by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Immunoblot based on plasmoidal encoded Yersinia proteins enables the serological determination of animal and human infections. The development of simple, sensitive and specific rapid identification systems applicable for the direct and indirect diagnosis for veterinary use is a challenge for the future.  相似文献   

18.
Fourteen strains of Yersinia species isolated from apparently healthy pigs and cattle in Nigeria were screened for four virulence markers using six test systems. These were two in vitro assays, namely, calcium dependency and autoagglutination, both at 37 degrees C, the Serény test in guinea-pigs and the detection of heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) by the rabbit ileal loop test, the ligated intestine test in pigs and the infant mouse system. Seven of the 14 strains of Yersinia were positive for one or more of these tests. Six of nine strains of Y. enterocolitica and one of four Y. intermedia were positive in one or more tests. The only strain of Y. frederiksenii isolated was negative in all six test systems. All three strains of Y. enterocolitica, serotype 0:8 and the only serotype 0:3 isolated were positive in one or more tests. However, only two of five strains of Y. enterocolitica serotype 0:12, 26, the most frequently encountered, were positive. A good correlation was observed between test results of calcium dependency, autoagglutination and Serény assays. The results indicate that cattle and pigs have the potential to transmit virulent strains of Y. enterocolitica to human beings in Nigeria.  相似文献   

19.
AIMS: To study the adhesion properties of a biotype 4, serotype O:3 (human pathogenic) strain of Yersinia enterocolitica and to determine if adhesion in vitro and colonisation in vivo can be prevented by competition with a biotype 1A, serotype O:6,30 (non-pathogenic) strain. To study interaction between Y. enterocolitica biotype 4, serotype O:3 and cultured epithelial cells using the synthetic tripeptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD). METHODS: The human intestinal epithelial (HEp-2) cell line was used for in vitro studies. Inocula of Y. enterocolitica biotype 4, serotype O:3 radiolabelled using tritium were incubated with HEp-2 cells and RGD tripeptide, or with Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A, serotype O:6,30 sequentially or concurrently, then washed and lysed, and radioactivity measured to determine the effect of RGD on adhesion, and competitive exclusion of pathogenic by non-pathogenic bacteria. For in vivo studies, two groups of 5-week-old piglets (n=5/group) were sequentially inoculated orally with 5 x 10(9) colony forming units (cfu) of either a non-pathogenic biotype 1A, serotype O:6,30 strain of Y. enterocolitica followed by a pathogenic biotype 4, serotype O:3 strain, or vice versa. Pigs were monitored for carriage of strains using bacterial culture and a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: The RGD tripeptide significantly inhibited adherence of the pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strain to cultured epithelial cells, suggesting that adhesion involved the RGD tripeptide sequence. The non-pathogenic biotype 1A, serotype O:6,30 strain of Y. enterocolitica prevented adhesion of the pathogenic strain to cells in vitro when allowed to adhere first. Pathogenic Y. enterocolitica was consistently isolated from rectal swabs from 80-100% of pigs on all sampling occasions but not from oral swabs after 14 days in pigs first inoculated with the non-pathogenic strain or at 26 days in pigs first inoculated with the pathogenic strain. CONCLUSIONS: A non-pathogenic strain of Y. enterocolitica reduced adhesion of a human pathogenic strain in vitro but not in vivo.  相似文献   

20.
During recent years, Yersinia enterocolitica has been isolated from humans and various animal species in connection with intestinal disorders, such as acute ileitis and appendicitis. Cases of septicaemia, polyarthritis and erythema nodosum have also been described (Mollaret & Destombes 1964, Nilehn 1969, Winblad 1969, Lassen 1972, Langford 1972). Y. enterocolitica has been isolated most frequently from chinchillas and hares, but sporadic isolations from deer, cow, horse, rabbit, goat and dog have been reported (Langford, Krogstad et al. 1972). In Norway, an outbreak of the disease in a goat herd is the only described case of yersiniosis among animal species (Krogstad et al.). A case of chronic enteritis in a dog from which Y. enterocolitica was isolated is presented in the following.  相似文献   

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