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1.
牡丹花粉活力测定方法的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据不同牡丹种与品种的生物学特性,选择适宜的花粉采集时期并快速准确测定花粉萌发率,筛选花粉活力的最佳测定方法,保证育种过程中提供活力旺盛的父本花粉,为牡丹育种的成功打下基础。对3个野生牡丹种和3个栽培牡丹品种花粉萌发特性进行了对比,筛选适宜浓度的硼酸蔗糖培养液,确定适宜的花粉采集时期和花粉培养时间。野生牡丹和栽培牡丹花粉培养适宜的液体培养基均为50mg/kg硼酸＋10%蔗糖;3个野生牡丹种绽口期采集的花粉萌发率最高达90%,适宜统计的培养时间为8h,3个栽培牡丹品种以花朵初开期花粉萌发率最高,达70%-75%,适宜统计的培养时间为16h。野生牡丹和栽培牡丹花粉适宜的培养液一致,但花粉适宜的采集时期、培养时间有一定差异。 相似文献
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以黄连木花粉为试材,采用正交试验法研究蔗糖浓度、硼酸浓度、培养温度和培养时间4个因素对黄连木花粉萌发率的影响,从而筛选出最佳的培养条件。结果表明：蔗糖浓度对黄连木花粉萌发的影响最大,其次是培养时间、硼酸浓度,培养温度的影响最小。最适宜黄连木花粉萌发的培养条件是1%琼脂+15%蔗糖+0.06%硼酸,25℃培养6 h,花粉萌发率达90%以上。 相似文献
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花粉在植物遗传研究中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
高等植物的花粉是一种理想的植物遗传转化材料。将花粉作为外源DNA的受体或媒介进行转基因研究,已成为现代植物遗传转化技术中的重要部分。小孢子花粉可以在植物体内自然发育为成熟花粉然后参与受精作用,或者经过小孢子培养进行孤雌生殖从而形成单倍体植抹,还可以在离体培养条件下使未成熟花粉发育成为可育花粉。笔者分别简要介绍了以上3种途径的研究现状、花粉培养方法以及在植物遗传转化中的应用,并通过对各方法优缺点的综合评价,为科研人员和育种工作者进行花发育机制研究、功能基因表达和作物遗传改良提供了一条新的思路。 相似文献
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研究了不同浓度的蔗糖和硼酸,在不同温度和培养时间内对阔叶杨桐花粉萌发率和花粉管生长的影响,以期为阔叶杨桐的繁殖育种研究提供依据.结果表明:1)不同浓度的蔗糖和硼酸处理组之间存在显著性差异,蔗糖和硼酸都能促进杨桐花粉萌发和花粉管的生长,但超过一定浓度则会起到抑制作用;2)随着培养温度的升高,花粉萌发率和花粉管长度呈先升后降的趋势;3)随着培养时间的延长,花粉萌发率和花粉管长度逐渐增加,但最初的前12h内花粉萌发快,在培养的前9h内花粉管生长较快.4)实验显示:阔叶杨桐花粉培养的最适培养基是15％蔗糖和0.02％硼酸,最适培养温度为25℃,培养24 h后花粉萌发率为84.32％,花粉管长达2 003.51 μm. 相似文献
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不同枣品种花粉生活力及贮藏方法研究 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
摘 要：用I2-KI染色法和离体培养法测定了7个枣品种的新鲜花粉生活力,并对这两个测定法的测定结果进行了比较;用离体培养法检测了不同贮藏条件下的花粉生活力变化。结果表明：不同品种的花粉萌发率存在显著差异,其中用I2-KI染色法测定的赞皇大枣和核桃纹的花粉萌发率最高（69.23%、68.12%）。用离体培养法测定的核桃纹的花粉萌发率最高(45.76%)。采用I2-KI法测定枣花粉生活力的数值较离体培养法高,这可能与失去育性的花粉中仍保留有淀粉有关,离体培养法较I2-KI染色法更真实可靠。-70℃和-20℃干燥贮藏极显著地好于4℃和室温干燥贮藏;-70℃干燥贮藏条件下,贮藏6d、10d的花粉发芽率分别是新鲜花粉的59.81%,26.93%。-20℃干燥贮藏条件下,贮藏6d、10d的花粉发芽率分别是新鲜花粉的32.45%,23.77%。 相似文献
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为了比较不同花粉活力测定方法的应用效果,本研究利用黄山玉兰(Yulania cylindrica)花粉作为实验材料,采用MTT染色法、TTC染色法、醋酸洋红染色法分别测定黄山玉兰自然盛开、室内水培盛开、室内培养萎蔫时的花粉活力;同时采用不同浓度梯度的硼酸、蔗糖溶液进行花粉离体培养。结果表明：醋酸洋红染色法测得的活力偏高,均值为96.94%;TTC染色法所测活力偏低,为39.52%;MTT染色法所测活力最为合适,均值为85.46%;而花粉离体培养最佳的溶液浓度是5%的蔗糖溶液和0.01%的硼酸溶液。黄山玉兰花粉活力的不同测定方法比较和花粉离体培养为其他物种繁育相关研究提供了借鉴。 相似文献
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芒花粉的生活力及测定方法比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本研究先后采用了花粉离体萌发法、FDA染色法和I2-KI染色法测定了芒离体花粉的生活力。结果表明：在离体萌发法中,离体花粉在培养5 min后即开始萌发,培养30 min后花粉管平均长度达到了145.77 μm。芒离体花粉的平均初始萌发率为82.6 %,但花粉生活力下降很快,室温保存90 min的花粉其萌发率已下降至3.0 %。因此利用离体萌发法能够准确有效地测定芒花粉生活力的变化规律。而利用FDA染色法和I2-KI染色法测定的芒花粉初始生活力与离体萌发法的结果基本一致,分别为84.6 %和86.6 %,但这两种染色法不适合用于跟踪测定花粉生活力的变化。 相似文献
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为解决城市花粉期预报的问题,以北京城区春季榆科、柏科、杨柳科、松科4类主要的木本植物为研究对象,利用2012—2019年北京市气象局的花粉浓度观测数据,分别基于Spring Warming、Alternating、Sequential和Parallel 4种积温物候模型进行植物花粉期建模。模型结果表明,4类木本植物的花粉期起始日期均明显受到春化作用影响,即冬季的低温刺激会促使春季植物花粉期的提前。对比不同模型的结果认为,榆科、柏科、松科植物的最适模型为Alternating模型,RMSE介于1～3天,判定系数R2介于91%～95%;杨柳科植物的最适模型为Sequential模型,RMSE小于2天,判定系数R2为92.8%。说明基于积温原理的物候模型,能够较为准确地模拟北京地区春季木本植物的花粉起始期,对于植物物候期的模拟研究具有参考意义。 相似文献
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Summary Factors favouring callus proliferation and subsequent regeneration of plants from pollen grains of rice anthers (Oryza sativa L., cvx. Bahia, Girona, Balilla × Sollana and Sequial) were determined. Cultivar differences in response were found, such as a high rate of haploid plant regeneration.In addition, isolated pollen grain culture was used to induce tissue proliferation outside the anther walls. The frequency of callus formation from isolated pollen grains was very low. It was necessary to preculture the anthers before pollen grain separation, in order to accomplish a successful development later. Root differentiation was observed in some of the obtained callus. 相似文献
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花粉是植物种质的主要形式之一，包含该物种的所有基因类型。植物花粉的保存研究对完善种质资源保存方法及加速育种进程具有重要意义。为了满足种质资源保存以及杂交育种工作的需求，笔者阐述了花粉类型、基因型及化学成分、环境因素等对植物花粉生活力的影响；总结了植物花粉的收集和花粉生活力的主要测定方法以及有机溶剂保存、低压保存、低温保存、超低温保存等植物花粉的主要保存方法；提出超低温保存技术将成为花粉保存和研究的重要方向，仍需进一步深入研究植物花粉不同保存方法的保存机理。以期为研究不同植物花粉的长期高效保存方法提供参考。 相似文献
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植物花粉发育过程极其复杂,众多基因参与其中并对花粉发育的正常进行发挥着重要作用。植物花粉发育的基因工程研究是将花粉发育的分子水平研究和植物个体发育调控研究联系起来的中间环节,有助于全面认识植物花粉发育的机理。综述了植物花粉发育相关基因的分离、表达及其调控的研究进展,探讨了利用基因工程创造雄性不育的几种方法,并对今后的应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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Crossing bags manufactured from three grades of polyester and three types of paper bags were tested for their permeability to grass pollen. Bags were placed on L. perenne plants of known PGI isozyme genotype. Any pollen passing through the crossing bag and pollinating the plant was detected by assaying its progeny for PGI isozymes. The results obtained allowed differentiation of the various materials for their suitability for pollen proofing. 相似文献
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Seven sunflower genotypes comprising of populations and hybrids showing differential sporophytic reaction to Alternaria leaf
and stem blight were studied for their gametophytic reaction to pathogen culture filtrate. The sunflower pollen grains germinate
well in the liquid medium and give good pollen tube growth in the absence of the culture filtrate. The addition of increasing
concentrations of culture filtrate to medium significantly reduced the pollen germination and tube growth in all the genotypes.
The reduction in pollen germination and tube growth in vitro due to culture filtrate was more in highly susceptible genotypes
L-101 and Morden than the moderately resistant genotypes Acc. nos. 1229, 180 and ISFH-306. Pretreating the stigma and style
with the culture filtrate before pollination reduced the number of pollen grains germinating compared to untreated control
suggesting toxin stress can be created on the stigmatic surface before pollination. There was correspondence between pollen
germination on stressed stigma (in vitro) and sporophytic reaction of the genotype suggesting pollen grain having resistance
would germinate on the stressed stigma and fertilise the ovule achieving selective fertilisation. The correlation analysis
indicated that there is a negative relation between sporophytic per cent disease index value and gametophytic parameters such
as in vitro and in vivo pollen germination, culture filtrate required to inhibit 50% pollen germination and pollen tube growth.
The association between pollen and the sporophytic reaction to the disease indicate the possibility of rapid screening of
a large number of genotypes by means of pollen assay as an alternate technique with regard to sporophytic disease index in
sunflower. The study also indicate the possibility of pollen selection before fertilisation to achieve rapid improvement in
disease resistance.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Dicamba and growth condition effects on doubled haploid production in durum wheat crossed with maize 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Doubled haploid plants are useful in genetic studies and plant breeding, but a consistent and satisfactory frequency of production has been difficult to achieve in durum wheat. Triticum turgidum L., using the maize pollen method. The objective of this study was to develop an objective method of producing doubled haploids in durum wheat. Plant growing and handling conditions, aspects of hormone treatments, wheat genotype and pollen source were considered. The number of caryopses, embryos, haploids, doubled plants and doubled plants that set seed were measured. Although growth conditions, pollen source, method of handling plants and wheat genotype are important considerations, the type of hormone was found to be most significant in the production of doubled haploid plants. When 50mg/l dicamba was substituted for 100 mg/l 2,4‐D the number of doubled haploids per spike increased from 0.2 for the best 2,4‐D treatment to 1.3 for the dicamba treatment. This increased frequency was largely attributed to an increase in the number of caryopses generated for each spike emasculated and from an increased frequency of germination of embryos to haploid plantlets. The best production of caryopses was 0.41 caryopses per florest with 2,4‐D. The best production of haploids per 100 florets was 12 with dicamba and 1.65 with 2,4‐D. The frequency of one doubled haploid per emasculated spike through the use of dicamba is a practical level for generating populations for genetic studies. 相似文献
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花粉管的生长是完成植物受精的重要生理过程,观察花粉管生长首先需要对雌蕊组织进行软化透明。本研究探索适合麻疯树雌蕊结构的透明方法,并利用苯胺蓝染色技术,在荧光显微镜下观察授粉后麻疯树花粉管的萌发和生长过程。结果表明:麻疯树雌蕊组织可采用NaOH溶液软化透明,较优的条件是2 mol·L-1的NaOH,50℃恒温箱内软化3~4 h;麻疯树授粉2 h后花粉管开始萌发,10 h后花粉管穿过花柱基部,11 h后在子房中观察到花粉管。麻疯树授粉后,花粉管进入子房至少需要11 h,完成受精则需要更长的时间。 相似文献
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A pollen selection study for drought tolerance using Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) as a selective agent was conducted in sorghum.
Ten genotypes of sorghum suitable for post rainy season were crossed to cytoplasmic male sterile line 104A and three genotypes
to 116A producing 13 hybrids. Two sets of 13 hybrids with and without pollen selection were produced. PEG at 36 per cent was
applied to stigma and stylar tissue one hour before pollination for pollen selection (selective fertilization) and no treatment
for control (nonselective fertilization). Hybrids thus produced through selective and non-selective fertilization were tested
in moisture stress environment during post rainy season. The hybrids obtained through selective fertilization produced significantly
higher mean grain yield compared to hybrids obtained through non-selective fertilization. The results indicate that selective
fertilization through in vivo pollen selection using PEG as selective agent was effective in improving moisture stress tolerance of the progeny in sorghum
genotypes studied. Further, the pollen selection also had influence on plant height, panicle length, panicle width, panicle
weight and grain mass. Thus,the pollen selection had a significant effect on grain yield through its components and developmentally
related traits. Pollen selection for osmoticstress tolerance in sorghum influences the growth and vigour of the plants resulting
in superior progeny in moisture stress environment. The analysis of individual crosses indicated that pollen genotype selection
was able to favour performance of the progeny. However, the pollen selection had positive effect in majority of the hybrids
and the study demonstrates the transmission of the selected trait from pollen generation to progeny.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Summary In vitro pollen germination at 10°C, 14°C and 22°C of four groups of two pure line tomato varieties was compared with their plant growth at 19°C D/10°C N under controlled environmental conditions. Generally, pollen germination was slow at 10°C but after 6 h the percentage of germination was similar to that at 22°C. Maximum germination was obtained at 14°C already after 4 h. The longest pollen tubes occurred at 22°C. The two varieties within each group differed significantly from each other for percentage of pollen germination. For one group, this difference was greater at 10°C than at 22°C. The varieties in two groups also differed significantly for pollen tube growth. These differences in pollen tube growth rate were greater at 22°C than at 10°C. There was no clear relationship between pollen germination, pollen tube growth and plant growth in any of the four pairs of varieties. The results are discussed with regard to the possibility of pollen selection at low temperature in order to improve the efficiency of breeding for growth at low temperature. 相似文献