首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
To determine whether measurement of canine thyrotropin (cTSH) would aid in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism, serum samples of 65 dogs with clinical signs suggestive of hypothyroidism were evaluated. Diagnosis was confirmed in 26 dogs and excluded in 39 dogs based on TSH-stimulation testing. Total thyroxine (T4) was significantly lower and cTSH significantly higher in hypothyroid dogs compared to euthyroid dogs. Canine TSH was above (> 0.6 ng/ml) in 15 (57.7%) and below the upper limit of the reference range in 11 (42.3%) of the hypothyroid dogs. All of the euthyroid dogs had a cTSH < 0.6 ng/ml. In all dogs with a cTSH above the upper limit of the reference range hypothyroidism could be confirmed. Therefore, our results show that measurement of cTSH has an excellent specificity (100%) and is a valuable tool in confirming canine hypothyroidism. However, due to the low sensitivity of cTSH assays (60%), it can not be recommended to exclude the disease.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of recombinant human (rh) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in dogs with suspected hypothyroidism. ANIMALS: 64 dogs with clinical signs of hypothyroidism. PROCEDURES: Dogs received rhTSH (75 microg/dog, IV) at a dose independent of their body weight. Blood samples were taken before and 6 hours after rhTSH administration for determination of total serum thyroxine (T(4)) concentration. Dogs were placed into 1 of 3 groups as follows: those with normal (ie, poststimulation values indicative of euthyroidism), unchanged (ie, poststimulation values indicative of hypothyroidism; no thyroid gland stimulation), or intermediate (ie, poststimulation values between unchanged and normal values) post-TSH T(4) concentrations. Serum canine TSH (cTSH) concentration was determined in prestimulation serum (ie, before TSH administration). RESULTS: 14, 35, and 15 dogs had unchanged, normal, and intermediate post-TSH T(4) concentrations, respectively. Basal T(4) and post-TSH T(4) concentrations were significantly different among groups. On the basis of basal serum T(4) and cTSH concentrations alone, 1 euthyroid (normal post-TSH T(4), low basal T(4), and high cTSH concentrations) and 1 hypothyroid dog (unchanged post-TSH T(4) concentration and low to with-in reference range T(4) and cTSH concentrations) would have been misinterpreted as hypothyroid and euthyroid, respectively. Nine of the 15 dogs with intermediate post-TSHT(4) concentrations had received medication known to affect thyroid function prior to the test, and 2 of them had severe nonthyroidal disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The TSH-stimulation test with rhTSH is a valuable diagnostic tool to assess thyroid function in selected dogs in which a diagnosis of hypothyroidism cannot be based on basal T(4) and cTSH concentrations alone.  相似文献   

3.
During the years of 1996-2001, hypothyroidism was diagnosed at the clinic for small animal internal medicine, University of Zurich, in 32 dogs. Most of the dogs were large breeds. The most frequent clinical characteristics observed were exercise intolerance, obesity, dermatological, neurological and gastrointestinal signs. Predominant laboratory abnormalities were a low red blood cell count, increased concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides and fructosamin. 29 dogs had a T4 below the reference range (< 1.5 micrograms/dl), one dog had a T4 at the lower limit thereof (1.6 micrograms/dl). One dog had a T4 within the reference range (3.4 micrograms/dl), another had a very high T4 of 206.8 micrograms/dl; the results of the latter 2 dogs were interpreted as incorrectly increased T4 values due to in vitro interference with T4-autoantibodies. Diagnosis was confirmed in all of the dogs based on TSH-stimulation testing. Endogenous TSH (cTSH) measured parallelly, was elevated in only 60% of the dogs. In about 67% of the dogs, hypothyroidism was associated with thyroglobulin-autoantibodies. Canine hypothyroidism is a rather rare endocrine disorder in Switzerland. The TSH-stimulation test remains the gold standard in confirming the disease; a definitive diagnosis can be challenging for practitioners because bovine TSH, used for the TSH-stimulation test is not licensed for use in dogs. Since assessment of cTSH using current assays shows normal values in a high percentage of hypothyroid dogs, the diagnostic value is only limited. In most of the hypothyroid dogs T4 is decreased, with the presence of autoantibodies to T4, it can be normal or increased.  相似文献   

4.
Canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH), total thyroxine (T4) and free T4 by equilibrium dialysis (fT4d) were measured in serum samples from 107 dogs with clinical signs suggestive of hypothyroidism in which the diagnosis was either confirmed (n = 30) or excluded (n = 77) by exogenous TSH response testing. Median serum total T4 and fT4d concentrations were significantly lower and cTSH significantly higher (P < 0.001) in hypothyroid compared with euthyroid dogs. Differential positive rate analysis determined optimal cut-off values of less than 14.9 nmol/litre (total T4), less than 5.42 pmol/litre (fT4d), greater than 0.68 ng/ml (cTSH), less than 17.3 (T4 to cTSH ratio), and less than 7.5 (fT4d to cTSH ratio) for hypothyroidism. These had a sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 75.3 per cent, 80 and 93.5 per cent, 86.7 and 81.8 per cent, 86.7 and 92.2 per cent, and 80 and 97.4 per cent, respectively, for diagnosing hypothyroidism. Corresponding areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.92, 0.93, 0.87, 0.93 and 0.93. Unexpectedly low cTSH values in hypothyroid dogs may have resulted from concurrent non-thyroidal illness. Unexpectedly high serum cTSH values in the euthyroid dogs might have resulted from recovery from illness or concurrent potentiated sulphonamide therapy. Measurement of endogenous cTSH concentration is a valuable diagnostic tool for canine hypothyroidism if used in association with assessment of T4. Estimation of fT4d added only limited additional information over total T4 measurement.  相似文献   

5.
Background: Thyroid hormone concentrations were found to be different in Greyhounds and Whippets compared with nonsight hound dogs.
Hypothesis: In Sloughis, thyroid hormone concentration is lower than in nonsight hounds and comparable to Greyhounds.
Animals: Fifty-one Sloughis with no evidence of disease and a mean age of 4 years (range, 1–12 years).
Methods: Thyroid profiles consisting of total thyroxine (tT4), free thyroxine (fT4), free thyroxine after equilibrium dialysis (fT4 after ED), canine thyroid stimulation hormone (cTSH), and thyroglobulin antibodies as well as CBC and serum biochemistry results of Sloughis were compared with those of normal dogs. In 8 Sloughis, TSH stimulation tests were performed.
Results: In Sloughis, tT4 concentrations and fT4 concentrations measured by chemiluminescence were lower than those of controls (1.13 ± 0.65 μg/dL compared with 2.9 ± 0.8 μg/dL, P < .0001 and 11 ± 4.3 pmol/L compared with 16.7 ± 5.2 pmol/L, P < .0001, respectively). Concentrations of fT4 after ED and TSH were increased in Sloughis, when compared with controls (41.3 ± 26.9 pmol/L compared with 20.98 ± 10.29 pmol/L, P < .0001 and 0.22 ± 0.15 pmol/L compared with 0.15 ± 0.13 pmol/L, P = .0138, respectively). T4 concentration after TSH stimulation increased from 1.5 μg/dL (range, 0.2–2.7 μg/dL) to 2.7 μg/dL (range, 1.2–4.7 μg/dL); the recommended post-TSH T4 concentration was achieved by only 3 of 8 Sloughis. Hemoconcentration was found in 84.3% and hypoglobulinemia in 80.3%.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: When evaluating Sloughis for hypothyroidism, veterinarians should be aware that these dogs have different thyroid hormone concentrations than nonsight hound dogs.  相似文献   

6.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (T/SMX) on thyroid function in dogs. ANIMALS: 6 healthy euthyroid dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs were administered T/SMX (14.1 to 16 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) for 3 weeks. Blood was collected weekly for 6 weeks for determination of total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (fT4), and canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) concentrations. Schirmer tear tests were performed weekly. Blood was collected for CBC prior to antimicrobial treatment and at 3 and 6 weeks. RESULTS: 5 dogs had serum TT4 concentrations equal to or less than the lower reference limit, and 4 dogs had serum fT4 less than the lower reference limit after 3 weeks of T/SMX administration; cTSH concentrations were greater than the upper reference limit in 4 dogs. All dogs had TT4 and fT4 concentrations greater than the lower reference limit after T/SMX administration was discontinued for 1 week, and cTSH concentrations were less than reference range after T/SMX administration was discontinued for 2 weeks. Two dogs developed decreased tear production, which returned to normal after discontinuing administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that administration of T/SMX at a dosage of 14.1 to 16 mg/kg, PO, every 12 hours for 3 weeks caused decreased TT4 and fT4 concentrations and increased cTSH concentration, conditions that would be compatible with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Therefore, dogs should not have thyroid function evaluated while receiving this dosage of T/SMX for >2 weeks. These results are in contrast to those of a previous study of trimethoprim-sulfadiazine.  相似文献   

7.

Background

The use of azathioprine (AZA) in dogs is limited by the development of hepatotoxicosis and cytopenias.

Hypothesis and Objectives

To characterize the observed incidence, timing, and risk factors for AZA hepatotoxicosis in dogs treated clinically, and to determine the relationship between the development of hepatotoxicosis and cytopenias.

Animals

Fifty‐two dogs treated with AZA with clinical and biochemical follow‐up, with a subset of 34 dogs available for determination of changes in liver enzyme activities in serum.

Methods

Retrospective medical record review, from January 2009 through December 2013.

Results

Hepatotoxicosis (as defined by a >2‐fold increase in serum ALT) was observed in 5 of 34 dogs (15%) within a median onset of 14 days (range, 13–22 days). Dogs had a median 9‐fold increase in ALT and 8‐fold increase in ALP, which stabilized or resolved with drug discontinuation or dose reduction. German shepherds were significantly over‐represented (3 of 5 dogs with hepatotoxicosis; P = .0017). Thrombocytopenia or neutropenia were seen in 4 of 48 dogs with CBC follow‐up (8% of dogs), but occurred significantly later in treatment (median onset, 53 days; range 45–196 days) compared to hepatotoxicosis (P = .016).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

These results support the routine monitoring of liver enzymes during the first 1–4 weeks of AZA treatment in dogs, with continued monitoring of the CBC. Additional studies are warranted to characterize the apparently higher risk of AZA hepatotoxicosis in German shepherds.  相似文献   

8.

Background

Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) has been associated with thrombotic disease in dogs.

Hypothesis

The purpose of this study was to use thromboelastography (TEG) and measurement of thrombin generation (TG) to characterize the hypercoagulable state in dogs with HAC. We hypothesized that dogs with HAC would have a hypercoagulable profile on TEG tracings and an increase in thrombin generation as measured by endogenous thrombin potential (ETP).

Animals

Sixteen dogs with HAC. Dogs were compared with a population of normal dogs used to obtain reference intervals.

Methods

TEG tracings on citrated whole blood were obtained from 15 dogs, and TG measurements on frozen‐thawed platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) were obtained from 15 dogs.

Results

For the TEG analysis, when results of individual dogs were compared with the reference interval, 12/15 dogs had at least 1 parameter associated with hypercoagulability. When the population of HAC dogs was compared with a population of healthy dogs, HAC dogs had decreases in R and K and increases in α and MA values. The ETP was increased when the HAC group was compared with a population of normal dogs. However, only 3/15 dogs had an ETP above reference interval, and 1/15 had a decreased lag time.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Of 16 dogs with HAC, 12/15 had evidence of hypercoagulability when evaluated by TEG, 4/15 when evaluated by TG, and 2 dogs had increases in ETP and MA.  相似文献   

9.

Background

Low‐dose aspirin is used to prevent thromboembolic complications in dogs, but some animals are nonresponsive to the antiplatelet effects of aspirin (“aspirin resistance”).

Hypothesis/Objectives

That low‐dose aspirin would inhibit platelet function, decrease thromboxane synthesis, and alter platelet cyclooxygenase (COX) expression.

Animals

Twenty‐four healthy dogs.

Methods

A repeated measures study. Platelet function (PFA‐100 closure time, collagen/epinephrine), platelet COX‐1 and COX‐2 expression, and urine 11‐dehydro‐thromboxane B2 (11‐dTXB2) were evaluated before and during aspirin administration (1 mg/kg Q24 hours PO, 10 days). Based on prolongation of closure times after aspirin administration, dogs were divided into categories according to aspirin responsiveness: responders, nonresponders, and inconsistent responders.

Results

Low‐dose aspirin increased closure times significantly (62% by Day 10, P < .001), with an equal distribution among aspirin responsiveness categories, 8 dogs per group. Platelet COX‐1 mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) increased significantly during treatment, 13% on Day 3 (range, ?29.7–136.1%) (P = .047) and 72% on Day 10 (range, ?0.37–210%) (P < .001). Platelet COX‐2 MFI increased significantly by 34% (range, ?29.2–270%) on Day 3 (P = .003) and 74% (range, ?19.7–226%) on Day 10 (P < .001). Urinary 11‐dTXB2 concentrations significantly (P = .005, P < .001) decreased at both time points. There was no difference between aspirin responsiveness and either platelet COX expression or thromboxane production.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Low‐dose aspirin consistently inhibits platelet function in approximately one‐third of healthy dogs, despite decreased thromboxane synthesis and increased platelet COX expression in most dogs. COX isoform expression before treatment did not predict aspirin resistance.
  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate thyroid function in healthy Greyhounds, compared with healthy non-Greyhound pet dogs, and to establish appropriate reference range values for Greyhounds. ANIMALS: 98 clinically normal Greyhounds and 19 clinically normal non-Greyhounds. PROCEDURES: Greyhounds were in 2 groups as follows: those receiving testosterone for estrus suppression (T-group Greyhounds) and those not receiving estrus suppressive medication (NT-group Greyhounds). Serum thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations were determined before and after administration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH). Basal serum canine thyroid stimulating hormone (cTSH) concentrations were determined on available stored sera. RESULTS: Basal serum T4 and fT4 concentrations were significantly lower in Greyhounds than in non-Greyhounds. Serum T4 concentrations after TSH and TRH administration were significantly lower in Greyhounds than in non-Greyhounds. Serum fT4 concentrations after TSH and TRH administration were significantly lower in NT-group than T-group Greyhounds and non-Greyhounds. Mean cTSH concentrations were not different between Greyhounds and non-Greyhounds. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Previously established canine reference range values for basal serum T4 and fT4 may not be appropriate for use in Greyhounds. Greyhound-specific reference range values for basal serum T4 and fT4 concentrations should be applied when evaluating thyroid function in Greyhounds. Basal cTSH concentrations in Greyhounds are similar to non-Greyhound pet dogs.  相似文献   

11.

Background

Minocycline has been used in the treatment of Ehrlichia canis infection in dogs as an alternative to doxycycline, the recommended treatment. However, efficacy of this alternative therapy is unknown.

Objective

To assess the efficacy of minocycline in the treatment of natural occurring E. canis infection in dogs.

Animals

Ten privately owned dogs of mixed breed positive for E. canis by blood PCR.

Methods

Prospective, randomized clinical study. Dogs positive for E. canis by PCR were housed in a kennel environment and randomly allocated to receive doxycycline 10 mg/kg bodyweight PO once daily (“gold standard” control group) or minocycline (extralabel) 10 mg/kg bodyweight PO twice daily (treatment test group) for 28 days. Blood, analyzed by PCR to determine the presence or absence of E. canisDNA, was collected weekly during treatment starting on the first day of treatment and including through day 35, 7 days after the last treatment.

Results

In both groups, one dog tested negative after 7 days of treatment. For the doxycycline group, the latest time to a negative PCR test was after 3 weeks of treatment. For the minocycline group, the latest time was on day 28 of treatment. All dogs tested negative 7 days after the end of treatment.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Minocycline can be an effective alternative to doxycycline for clearing E. canis from the blood in nonacute infections.  相似文献   

12.
Canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) was measured in a variety of clinical cases (n= 72). The cases were classified as euthyroid, sick euthyroid, hypothyroid or hypothyroid on non-thyroidal therapy on the basis of their history, clinical signs, laboratory results (including total thyroxine concentrations and, where indicated, thyroid-releasing hormone [TRH] stimulation tests) and response to appropriate therapy. Additional samples were taken during some of the TRH stimulation tests to measure the response of cTSH concentrations following TRH administration. A reference range (0 to 0–41 ng/ml) was calculated from the basal concentrations of cTSH in a group of 41 euthyroid dogs. Six of nine cases of confirmed hypothyroidism had basal cTSH concentrations above the reference range, whereas the remainder were within the normal range. One of these three remaining cases was a pituitary dwarf and did not show a rise in cTSH concentration following TRH stimulation. In contrast, only one of a group of six hypothyroid dogs that had been on non-thyroidal treatment within the previous four weeks had increased concentrations of basal cTSH. This study also found that five of a group of 16 dogs with sick euthyroid syndrome had increased cTSH concentrations. It was concluded that cTSH measurements are a useful additional diagnostic test in cases of suspected hypothyroidism in dogs but that dynamic testing is still required to confirm the diagnosis of hypothyroidism.  相似文献   

13.
: A nine-year-old male entire Labrador was diagnosed with pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Following seven months of successful mitotane therapy, the dog presented with marked weight gain, seborrhoea and alopecia. Routine clinicopathological analyses revealed marked hypercholesterolaemia. Serum total and free thyroxine (T4) concentrations were below their respective reference ranges. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (cTSH) concentration was within reference range. TSH and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) response tests revealed adequate stimulation of total T4 in both, and cTSH in the latter test. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass arising from the pituitary fossa, with suprasellar extension. A diagnosis of tertiary hypothyroidism was made. Following four weeks of levothyroxine therapy, circulating cholesterol concentration had declined, weight loss had ensued and dermatological abnormalities had improved. Euthanasia was performed four months later due to the development of neurological signs. A highly infiltrative pituitary adenoma, with effacement of the overlying hypothalamus was identified on post mortem examination. Tertiary hypothyroidism has not been previously reported in dogs.  相似文献   

14.

Objective

To determine if concentrations of free thyroxine (FT4) measured by semi‐automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) correspond to FT4 determined by equilibrium dialysis (ED) in hypothyroid dogs positive for thyroglobulin antibody (TGA).

Animals

Thirteen TGA‐positive dogs classified as hypothyroid based on subnormal FT4 concentrations by ED.

Methods

Qualitative assessment of canine TGA was performed using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Serum total thyroxine and total triiodothyronine concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum FT4 concentration was determined by ED, and also by semi‐automated CLIA for human FT4 (FT4h) and veterinary FT4 (FT4v). Canine thyroid stimulating hormone concentration was measured by semi‐automated CLIA.

Results

Each dog''s comprehensive thyroid profile supported a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. For detection of hypothyroidism, sensitivities of CLIA for FT4h and FT4v were 62% (95% CI, 32–85%) and 75% (95% CI, 36–96%), respectively, compared to FT4 by ED. Five of 13 (38%) dogs had FT4h and 2 of 8 (25%) dogs had FT4v concentrations by CLIA that were increased or within the reference range. Percentage of false‐negative test results for FT4 by CLIA compared to ED was significantly (P < .0001 for FT4h and P < .001for FT4v) higher than the hypothesized false‐negative rate of 0%.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Caution should be exercised in screening dogs for hypothyroidism using FT4 measured by CLIA alone. Some (25–38%) TGA‐positive hypothyroid dogs had FT4 concentrations determined by CLIA that did not support a diagnosis of hypothyroidism.  相似文献   

15.
A multicentric prospective study was conducted to monitor the effect of phenobarbital on serum total thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in epileptic dogs. Serum T4 concentrations were determined for 22 epileptic dogs prior to initiation of phenobarbital therapy (time 0), and 3 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after the start of phenobarbital. Median T4 concentration was significantly lower at 3 weeks and 6 months compared to time 0. Thirty-two percent of dogs had T4 concentrations below the reference range at 6 and 12 months. Nineteen of the 22 dogs had serum TSH concentrations determined at all sampling times. A significant upward trend in median TSH concentration was found. No associations were found between T4 concentration, dose of phenobarbital, or serum phenobarbital concentration. No signs of overt hypothyroidism were evident in dogs with low T4, with one exception. TSH stimulation tests were performed on six of seven dogs with low T4 concentrations at 12 months, and all but one had normal responses. In conclusion, phenobarbital therapy decreased serum T4 concentration but did not appear to cause clinical signs of hypothyroidism. Serum TSH concentrations and TSH stimulation tests suggest that the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is functioning appropriately.  相似文献   

16.

Background

Systemic aspergillosis is a manifestation of Aspergillus sp. infection that can result in central nervous system (CNS) involvement with marked alterations in CNS function. Information regarding the clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in cases of aspergillosis with CNS involvement is lacking, resulting in a need for better understanding of this disease.

Hypothesis/Objectives

The primary objectives were to describe the clinical features and MRI findings in dogs with CNS aspergillosis. The secondary objectives were to describe clinicopathologic findings and case outcome.

Animals

Seven dogs with CNS aspergillosis.

Methods

Archived records from 6 institutions were reviewed to identify cases with MRI of CNS aspergillosis confirmed with serum galactomannan enzyme immunoassay (EIA) testing, culture, or supported by histopathology. Signalment, clinical, MRI, clinicopathologic, histopathologic, and microbiologic findings were recorded and evaluated.

Results

Aspergillosis of the CNS was identified in 7 dogs from 3 institutions. The median age was 3 years and six were German Shepherd dogs. Five dogs had signs of vestibular dysfunction as a component of multifocal neurological abnormalities. The MRI findings ranged from normal to abnormal, including hemorrhagic infarction and mass lesions.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Until now, all reported MRI findings in dogs with CNS aspergillosis have been abnormal. We document that CNS aspergillosis in dogs, particularly German Shepherd dogs, can be suspected based on neurologic signs, whether MRI findings are normal or abnormal. Confirmatory testing with galactomannan EIA, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or tissue culture should be performed in cases where aspergillosis is a differential diagnosis.  相似文献   

17.

Background

Cough often is reported as the primary clinical sign of congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs with chronic degenerative myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Concurrent airway disease and compression of the left mainstem bronchus by a large left atrium also have been proposed as potential causes of coughing in these patients.

Objectives

To investigate the association between the presence of coughing and different potential causes of cough, including CHF, abnormal radiographic airway pattern, and cardiomegaly in dogs affected by naturally acquired MMVD.

Animals

Two hundred six client‐owned dogs.

Methods

Retrospective analysis performed on medical records of dogs affected by MMVD that underwent full cardiac evaluation, including echocardiographic examination and thoracic radiography.

Results

Univariate analyses showed that CHF is not a predictor of coughing (OR = 1.369; 0.723, 2.594), whereas abnormal radiographic airway pattern (OR = 3.650; 2.051, 6.496) and increased left atrial size observed radiographically (OR = 3.637; 1.904, 6.950) or echocardiographically (OR = 2.553; 1.436, 4.539) were significantly associated with coughing in dogs with MMVD. The same risk factors were significant in multivariate analyses.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

This study indicates that CHF is not significantly associated with coughing in dogs with MMVD. Instead, abnormal radiographic airway pattern and left atrial enlargement are associated with coughing in these patients. This important finding should be taken into account when considering diagnosis and clinical management of CHF in these dogs.  相似文献   

18.
Thirty-one dogs with spontaneous hypothyroidism were treated with thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) and monitored for approximately three months. Good clinical and laboratory control was ultimately achieved in all cases with a mean L-thyroxine (T4) dose of 0.026 mg/kg administered once daily. There was a significant increase and decrease in circulating total T4 and canine thyroid stimulating hormone (cTSH) concentrations, respectively, after starting THRT. After commencing treatment, 11 cases subsequently required an increase and three cases required a decrease in dose to achieve optimal clinical control. Median (semi interquartile range [SIR]) circulating six-hour post-pill total T4 (53.6 [27.91 nmol/litre) and cTSH (0.03 [0] microg/litre) concentrations were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in treated dogs that did not require a dose change; corresponding values in treated dogs in which an increase in dose was required were 29.3 (12.7) nmol/litre and 0.15 (0.62) microg/litre, respectively. However, circulating cTSH measurement was of limited value in assessing therapeutic control because, although increased values were associated with inadequate therapy, reference range cTSH values were common in inadequately treated dogs. Lethargy and mental demeanour were typically the first clinical signs to improve, with significant bodyweight reduction occurring within two weeks of commencing THRT. Routine clinicopathological monitoring was of value in confirming a general metabolic response to THRT, but was of limited value in accurately monitoring cases or tailoring therapy in individual cases.  相似文献   

19.
β‐Defensins (BDs) are highly conserved antimicrobial peptides important in innate defence against bacteria. β‐Defensin 3 has a specific role in protecting the skin. This study quantified the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of human (h)BD3 against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from atopic and healthy dogs. Single colony isolates (1 × 105 colony‐forming units/mL log phase) were cultured with doubling dilutions of hBD3 in sodium phosphate buffer from 0.8 to 50 μg/mL at 37 °C for 2 h, before adding 100 μL of tryptone soy broth and incubating for a further 20 h. Bacterial growth was assessed as the mean optical density at 540 nm corrected for background. The median MIC was 12.5 μg hBD3/mL (range 3.125–25 μg/mL; n = 22). Forty‐five percent of the isolates were inhibited at ≤6.25 μg hBD3/mL, and 90% were inhibited at ≤12.5 μg hBD3/mL. Bacterial growth was not inhibited at ≤1.6 μg hBD3/mL. There were no significant differences in the inhibition by hBD3 of isolates from atopic (median MIC 12.5 μg/mL, range 6.25–25 μg/mL, n = 14) and healthy dogs (median MIC 9.4 μg/mL, range 3.125–12.5 μg/mL, n = 8); from noninfected colonized sites (median MIC 12.5 μg/mL, range 3.125–25 μg/mL, n = 16) and infected lesions (median MIC 9.4 μg/mL, range 6.25–12.5 μg/mL, n = 6); or between sample sites (nose median MIC 12.5 μg/mL, range 6.25–25 μg/mL, n = 5; perineum median MIC 12.5 μg/mL, range 3.125–25 μg/mL, n = 7; ear median MIC 6.25 μg/mL, range 6.25–12.5 μg/mL, n = 4; lesions median MIC 9.4 μg/mL, range 6.25–12.5 μg/mL, n = 6). In conclusion, hBD3 inhibited the growth of canine S. pseudintermedius isolates in vitro irrespective of origin.  相似文献   

20.
Background: Iatrogenic hypothyroidism can occur after treatment of hyperthyroidism, and is correlated with a reduced glomerular filtration rate in humans and dogs. Hypothesis: Cats with iatrogenic hypothyroidism after treatment for hyperthyroidism will have a greater incidence of azotemia than euthyroid cats. Animals: Eighty client owned cats with hyperthyroidism. Methods: Two retrospective studies. (1) Longitudinal study of 12 hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine (documented as euthyroid after treatment), to assess changes in plasma thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration over a 6‐month follow‐up period, (2) Cross‐sectional study of 75 hyperthyroid cats (documented as euthyroid) 6 months after commencement of treatment for hyperthyroidism to identify the relationship between thyroid status and the development of azotemia. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was performed to identify relationships between thyroid and renal status and survival. Results: Plasma TSH concentrations were not suppressed in 7 of 8 cats with hypothyroidism 3 months after radioiodine treatment. The proportion of cats with azotemia was significantly (P= .028) greater in the hypothyroid (16 of 28) than the euthyroid group (14 of 47). Twenty‐eight of 41 cats (68%) with plasma TT4 concentration below the laboratory reference range had an increased plasma TSH concentration. Hypothyroid cats that developed azotemia within the follow‐up period had significantly (P= .018) shorter survival times (median survival time 456 days, range 231–1589 days) than those that remained nonazotemic (median survival time 905 days, range 316–1869 days). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Iatrogenic hypothyroidism appears to contribute to the development of azotemia after treatment of hyperthyroidism, and reduced survival time in azotemic cats.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号