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为了研究体外添加c9,t11共轭亚油酸(CLA)和t10,c12 CLA对奶牛乳腺细胞(BMECs)中脂肪酸(FA)合成关键酶基因mRNA转录和SCD酶指数的影响,试验采用组织块分离培养BMECs,两种CLA浓度分别为0,50,100,150μmol/L,作用细胞24 h后采用荧光定量PCR(QRT-PCR)对目的基因进行相对定量。结果表明:与对照组相比,50μmol/L c9,t11 CLA显著抑制BMECs中的ACC、FAS、D5和D6基因mRNA,但150μmol/L却显著促进;50μmol/L t10,c12 CLA显著上调了ACC、SCD5、D5和D6基因的mRNA转录水平,对FAS转录无影响(P>0.05),但150μmol/L显著受到抑制;CLA均抑制SCD1的转录,促进SCD5转录。C9,t11 CLA使SCD酶指数显著增加,t10,c12 CLA则相反。 相似文献
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植物油来源亚油酸和亚麻酸对乳脂CLA合成的影响 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
选用40头泌乳中期(169.8±8)DIM的中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4组,采用完全随机试验设计,研究日粮亚油酸和亚麻酸水平对乳脂CLA合成的影响。试验共设4个处理,分别为高亚油酸组(LA)、高亚麻酸组(LEA)、高亚油酸和亚麻酸组合组(HLALEA)和低亚油酸和亚麻酸组(LLALEA)。通过9周的试验结果表明,不同处理对干物质采食量、泌乳净能校正产奶量、乳蛋白及乳脂肪的含量和日产量均没有显著影响。增加日粮中LA或LEA的含量,能够显著降低乳脂C12∶0、C14∶0和C16∶0的含量(P<0.05),显著增加乳中硬脂酸(C18∶0,P<0.05)和18碳长链不饱和脂肪酸的含量(P<0.01),但对20碳以上不饱和脂肪酸的影响小(P>0.05)。随着日粮中亚油酸含量的增加,LLALEA、HLEA、HLALEA和HLA组乳脂TVA和c9t11CLA的含量呈线性增加。HLEA组、HLALEA和HLA组乳脂TVA的含量分别比LLALEA组增加1.56、3.05和4.71 g/100 g,而c9t11CLA分别比LLALEA组提高2.5、2.8和3.7倍。因此表明,日粮亚油酸对乳脂c9t11CLA合成的贡献效果高于亚麻酸,而亚油酸调控乳脂CLA合成机制主要以提供乳腺SCD合成c9t11CLA所需的底物(TVA)为主。 相似文献
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添加过瘤胃保护性脂肪对瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸及菌体蛋白的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,分别饲喂日粮Ⅰ(基础日粮+棕榈油脂肪粉400g/d)、日粮Ⅱ(基础日粮+棕榈油脂肪酸钙400g/d)、日粮Ⅲ(基础日粮+豆油400g/d)和日粮Ⅳ(基础日粮),研究了棕榈油脂肪粉、棕榈油脂肪酸钙、豆油对奶牛瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)和菌体蛋白(BCP)的影响。结果表明:添加豆油可明显降低瘤胃液中乙酸、丙酸的浓度(P<0.05),棕榈油脂肪粉和棕榈油脂肪酸钙对乙酸、丙酸浓度及乙酸、丙酸比值均无明显影响(P>0.05)。添加脂肪后减少了BCP含量。 相似文献
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添加保护性脂肪或豆油对奶牛瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸和菌体蛋白浓度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,分别饲喂日粮I(基础日粮+棕榈油脂肪粉400 g/d)、日粮Ⅱ(基础日粮+棕榈油脂肪酸钙400 g/d)、日粮Ⅲ(基础日粮+豆油400 g/d)和日粮Ⅳ(基础日粮),研究了棕榈油脂肪粉、棕榈油脂肪酸钙、豆油对奶牛瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)和菌体蛋白(BCP)浓度的影响.结果表明:添加豆油可明显降低瘤胃液中乙酸、丙酸的浓度(P＜0.05),棕榈油脂肪粉和棕榈油脂肪酸钙对乙酸、丙酸浓度及乙酸/丙酸值均无显著影响(P＞0.05).添加脂肪后减少了菌体蛋白含量. 相似文献
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为探讨外源添加油酸和亚油酸对体外培养的奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞甘油三酯(TG)含量和乳脂肪合成相关基因表达的影响,试验以奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞为研究对象,分别用0、50、100、200μmol/L油酸和0、20、40、80μmol/L的亚油酸处理细胞24h,检测细胞内TG的含量;采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测细胞内乳脂合成相关基因mRNA水平的变化。结果显示,100、200μmol/L的油酸和40、80μmol/L亚油酸均显著促进细胞内TG的合成(P<0.05)。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,添加100、200μmol/L油酸可显著上调二酰甘油酰基转移酶2(DGAT2)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)及脂肪酸合成酶(FASN)基因的表达(P<0.05),显著抑制硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1(SCD1)基因的表达(P<0.05),而对过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)基因的表达无显著影响(P>0.05)。添加20μmol/L亚油酸可显著抑制ACC和FASN基因的表达(P<0.05);亚油酸浓度为40和80μmol/L时可显著上调DGAT2基因的表达(P<0.05),抑制SCD1和SREBP1基因的表达(P<0.05),对ACC、FASN和PPARγ基因表达均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,100～200μmol/L油酸和40～80μmol/L亚油酸对奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞乳脂肪合成具有较好的促进效果。 相似文献
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美国Dhiman等学者进行2个试验来确定给奶牛提供富含亚油酸和亚麻酸的日粮对牛奶中共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量的影响。试验①:36头奶牛分为对照组和5个处理组。对照组奶牛的日粮包含51%饲草和49%谷物(DM基础)。在处理组中,谷物分别由 相似文献
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旨在研究奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中固醇调节元件结合蛋白裂解激活蛋白(SCAP)对固醇调节元件结合蛋白(SREBP1)调控的硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶基因(SCD)表达的影响。培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,在细胞中转染奶牛SCD基因启动子载体,同时转染SREBP1和SCAP真核表达载体作为处理,采用双荧光素酶报告基因系统检测转染SREBP1和SCAP对SCD基因启动子活性的影响;采用免疫荧光技术观察SREBP1在细胞核的表达,采用荧光定量PCR检测SCD基因mRNA的表达。结果表明,与转染pcDNA3.1载体的对照组相比,转染SCAP对SCD启动子活性无显著影响;转染SREBP1和共转染SCAP/SREBP1极显著增加SCD基因启动子活性值(P0.01),并且SCAP的转染剂量与SCD的启动子活性值之间具有极显著的量效关系(P0.01);在乳腺上皮细胞中转染SCAP后,能够增强SREBP1在细胞核的表达;细胞转染SREBP1和共转染SCAP/SREBP1后,SCD基因mRNA的表达分别显著上调1.23倍和1.54倍(P0.05)。本研究表明,奶牛SCAP可以增加SREBP1蛋白在细胞核中的表达,促进对SCD基因的转录激活作用。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究日粮补充大豆油对泌乳早期奶牛泌乳性能、血液生化指标和激素浓度的影响。选择30头泌乳早期荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为3组,每组10头,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮上添加1.5%大豆油和3.0%大豆油。预试期1周,正试期8周。结果表明:日粮添加1.5%大豆油和3.0%大豆油对日均干物质采食量、产奶效率、乳脂率、乳糖、乳蛋白和总固形物影响不显著(P0.05);日粮添加1.5%大豆油和3.0%大豆油显著提高泌乳量、标准乳产量、血清葡萄糖、胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子1浓度(P0.05);日粮添加1.5%大豆油和3.0%大豆油显著降低血清乙酰乙酸、游离脂肪酸、β-羟丁酸、胰高血糖素和瘦素浓度(P0.05)。综上所述,奶牛泌乳早期日粮添加1.5%大豆油和3.0%大豆油可调节激素分泌,减少酮体生成,提高产奶量。 相似文献
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本文旨在研究高产奶牛饲喂膨化全脂大豆对奶牛组织PUFAs及CLA含量变化的影响。选取12头年龄、体重、胎次、泌乳期及泌乳量相近的荷斯坦奶牛随机分为试验组和对照组,每组6头进行饲养试验。在饲喂全混合日粮的基础上,试验组每天饲喂1 kg膨化全脂大豆,对照组不添加,试验期12周。试验结束后屠宰奶牛并取肝脏、肾脏、乳腺3种组织中带有导管的部位,分别测定各组织PUFAs及CLA含量。结果表明:(1)添加膨化全脂大豆对奶牛肝脏、肾脏和乳腺等组织脂肪酸的合成转化产生不同的影响,日粮脂肪酸在组织内转化过程中可能受多种酶的作用;(2)乳腺C18∶1 trans-11在对照组为0.57%,而试验组为27.01%,差异极显著(P<0.01),乳腺是合成转化PUFAs及CLA主要组织,同时也是牛乳中PUFAs及CLA主要来源。奶牛日粮添加膨化全脂大豆能够显著改善牛乳品质;与肝脏、肾脏相比,乳腺具有更高的长链不饱和脂肪酸含量;肝脏、肾脏、乳腺在对日粮脂肪酸合成与转化过程中相关性不显著。 相似文献
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A. A. A. Jacobs J. Dijkstra W. H. Hendriks J. van Baal A. M. van Vuuren 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(2):353-362
Stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) is an important enzyme in the bovine mammary gland, where it inserts a cis‐double bond at the Δ9 position in a wide range of fatty acids. Investigating SCD expression in the bovine mammary gland generally requires invasive biopsy to obtain mammary tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of milk somatic cells as a non‐invasive alternative to biopsy for measuring mammary SCD expression in dairy cows. Both milk somatic cells and mammary tissue were collected from 14 Holstein‐Friesian cows and used for analysis of SCD expression by real‐time PCR. The SCD5 mRNA levels in mammary tissue compared with SCD1 were low, and for several milk somatic cell samples, SCD5 expression was even below the limit of detection. A significant relationship was found between SCD1 expression in milk somatic cells and in mammary tissue. In addition, SCD1 expression in milk somatic cells was significantly related to Δ9‐desaturase indices in milk, which are commonly used as an indicator of SCD1 activity within the mammary gland. Our study showed that milk somatic cells can be used as a source of mRNA to study SCD1 expression in dairy cows, offering a non‐invasive alternative to mammary tissue samples obtained by biopsy. 相似文献
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Our objective was to determine the influence of bovine growth hormone (bGH) and bovine growth hormone-releasing factor (bGRF) administration on the mRNA abundance of lipoprotein lipase (LpL) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). Primiparous Holstein cows received bGH, bGRF, or no treatment from 118 to 181+/-1 d postpartum. We hypothesized that bGH and bGRF treatment would increase the mRNA abundance of both SCD and LpL in the mammary gland with a corresponding reduction in adipose tissue. Milk yield significantly increased but milk fat percentage did not change as a result of bGH or bGRF treatment. Short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acid concentrations in milk were not affected by either bGH or bGRF treatments, with the exception of a modest, but significant, increase in C16:1 and C18:1 following bGH treatment. Analysis was conducted on the genes encoding LpL (E.C. 3.3.1.34), a key enzyme involved in the uptake of fatty acids into tissues, and SCD (E.C. 1.14.99.5), which is the enzyme responsible for introducing delta9 double bonds in fatty acids of 16 and 18 carbons in length. In adipose tissue, treatment with bGH and bGRF reduced the mRNA abundance of LpL to 14.6 and 25.7% respectively, of that observed for control animals. Similarly, these treatments reduced the SCD mRNA abundance to undetectable levels in adipose tissue. In mammary gland, bGH and bGRF had no significant impact on LpL mRNA abundance. Bovine GH did not significantly affect SCD mRNA abundance in the mammary gland, and bGRF reduced SCD mRNA abundance. From this study to examine the role of bGH and bGRF on the expression of the genes encoding these key lipogenic enzymes in cattle, we conclude that the increased substrate required for enhanced milk fatty acid yield may have been provided through redirection of nutrients to the mammary gland away from adipose tissue and through overall increased metabolism in the mammary gland. 相似文献
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P.M. Kgwatalala E.M. Ibeagha-Awemu J.F. Hayes & X. Zhao 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2009,126(5):394-403
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) catalyses the synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the mammary gland of ruminant animals. Considerable variations in CLA and MUFA have been reported among animals of the same contemporary group. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of the SCD1 gene would influence the production of SCD1 enzyme and consequently its activity in the mammary gland, which may account for some of the observed within breed variations in CLA and MUFA. The 5' and 3'UTRs of the SCD1 gene of 46 Holsteins and 35 Jerseys were analysed for SNPs by sequencing. No SNPs were identified in the 5'UTR, while 14 SNPs were identified in the 3'UTR region. Further analysis revealed three haplotype structures or regulatory variants in Holsteins: named H1, H2 and H3 and only H1 and H3 in Jerseys. An IRES motif was found in the H1 variant. A subsequent association study involving the milk fatty acid profiles of 862 Holstein cows found the H1 regulatory variant to be associated with higher C10 and C12 desaturase indices and consequently with higher contents of C10:1 and C12:1 relative to the H3 variant. The effects of the H2 variant were intermediate to those of H1 and H3. SNPs in the 3'UTR of the SCD1 gene could therefore explain some of the within-breed variations in MUFA content of milk fat. 相似文献
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Ping Tian Yanwen Luo Xian Li Jing Tian Shiyu Tao Canfeng Hua Yali Geng Yingdong Ni Ruqian Zhao 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2018,(1)
Background: It is well known that feeding a high concentrate(HC) diet to lactating ruminants likely induces subacute ruminal acidosis(SARA) and leads to a decrease in milk fat production. However, the effects of feeding a HC diet for long periods on milk fatty acids composition and the mechanism behind the decline of milk fat still remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of feeding a HC diet to lactating dairy goats on milk fat yield and fatty acids composition with an emphasis on the mechanisms underlying the milk fat depression. Seventeen mid-lactating dairy goats were randomly allocated to three groups. The control treatment was fed a low-concentrate diet(35% concentrate, n = 5, LC) and there were two high-concentrate treatments(65% concentrate, HC), one fed a high concentrate diet for a long period(19 wks, n = 7, HL); one fed a high concentrate diet for a short period of time(4 wk, n = 5, HS). Milk fat production and fatty acids profiles were measured. In order to investigate the mechanisms underlying the changes in milk fat production and composition,the gene expression involved in lipid metabolism and DNA methylation in the mammary gland were also analyzed.Results: Milk production was increased by feeding the HC diet in the HS and HL groups compared with the LC diet(P 0.01), while the percentage of milk fat was lower in the HL(P 0.05) but not in the HS group. The total amount of saturated fatty acids(SFA) in the milk was not changed by feeding the HC diet, whereas the levels of unsaturated fatty acids(UFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) were markedly decreased in the HL group compared with the LC group(P 0.05). Among these fatty acids, the concentrations of C15:0(P 0.01), C17:0(P 0.01), C17:1(P 0.01), C18:1 n-9 c(P 0.05), C18:3 n-3 r(P 0.01) and C20:0(P 0.01) were markedly lower in the HL group, and the concentrations of C20:0(P 0.05) and C18:3 n-3 r(P 0.01) were lower in the HS group compared with the LC group. However, the concentrations of C18:2 n-6 c(P 0.05) and C20:4 n-6(P 0.05) in the milk fat were higher in the HS group. Real-time PCR results showed that the m RNA expression of the genes involved in milk fat production in the mammary gland was generally decreased in the HL and HS groups compared with the LC group. Among these genes, ACSL1, ACSS1 2, ACACA, FAS, SCD, FADS2, and SREBP1 were downregulated in the mammary gland of the HL group(P 0.05), and the expressions of ACSS2, ACACA, and FADS2 m RNA were markedly decreased in the HS goats compared with the LC group(P 0.05). In contrast to the gene expression, the level of DNA methylation in the promoter regions of the ACACA and SCD genes was increased in the HL group compared with the LC group(P 0.05). The levels of ACSL1 protein expression and FAS enzyme activity were also decreased in the mammary gland of the HL compared with the LC group(P 0.05).Conclusions: Long-term feeding of a HC diet to lactating goats induced milk fat depression and FAs profile shift with lower MUFAs but higher SFAs. A general down-regulation of the gene expression involved in the milk fat production and a higher DNA methylation in the mammary gland may contribute to the decrease in milk fat production in goats fed a HC diet for long time periods. 相似文献
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有关酪氨酸磷酸酶基因（Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosometen,PTEN）在乳腺肿瘤中的检测在人医早有报道。为了研究PTEN基因在犬乳腺肿瘤组织中的表达情况,笔者运用实时荧光PCR定量检测了38例不同的犬乳腺肿瘤组织（包括15例良性乳腺肿瘤和23例恶性乳腺肿瘤）、4例正常犬乳腺组织。结果发现：PTEN基因在犬恶性乳腺肿瘤组织中表达量明显低于其在良性乳腺肿瘤和正常乳腺组织中的表达量,两者差异极显著（P〈0.001）;PTEN在良性乳腺肿瘤组织中的表达与正常犬乳腺组织相比,差异不显著（P〉0.05）;发生了淋巴结转移的乳腺癌PTEN基因的表达量与未发生转移的乳腺癌组织的表达量间差异亦不显著（P〉0.05）,且PTEN的表达量与肿瘤组织的大小和发病动物年龄无关。结论：PTEN蛋白表达异常可能与乳腺肿瘤发生、发展相关,可考虑作为判断犬乳腺肿瘤生物学行为和预测的指标。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(10)
为研究SIRT1/FoxO1通路在奶山羊乳腺脂质合成中的作用,本实验采用0(对照)、50、100、150μmol/L的SIRT1激动剂(RES)处理奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞,qRT-PCR检测脂质代谢相关基因的表达,检测细胞中甘油三酯含量,油红O染色法观察脂滴的积累情况。结果表明:100μmol/L RES处理组的SIRT1和FoxO1基因的相对mRNA表达量高于对照组(P<0.05),乳脂关键调控因子SREBP1和PPARγ表达量下降(P<0.05);SIRT1/FoxO1通路激活后,脂肪酸合酶FASN(P<0.01)、脂肪酸去饱和酶SCD1(P<0.01)和脂肪酸转运酶CD36(P<0.05)表达量均下降;而脂解相关基因HSL和ATGL的表达上调(P<0.05)。SIRT1/FoxO1激活后,细胞中甘油三酯含量显著降低(P<0.05),脂滴积累减少。综上可知,SIRT1/FoxO1通路负调控奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞脂质合成,为改善羊奶营养价值和风味提供基础资料。 相似文献
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