共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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从分子水平上探讨了鳜解偶联蛋白1、2 (UCP1, 2)基因结构、组织表达水平及与产热、脂肪代谢等生理机能的关系。通过与脊椎动物UCP1、UCP2基因序列进行比对,设计简并引物与特异引物进行PCR和RACE扩增、测序、拼接序列,获得UCP1、UCP2的基因组序列和内含子/外显子结构。基因组步行法克隆鳜肝脏UCP1、UCP2 基因5′侧翼序列。应用半定量RT-PCR的方法,以β-肌动蛋白作为外参照,在其指数期增长的范围内得到鳜不同组织UCP1、UCP2的相对表达水平。结果表明,UCP1基因组全序列为3 146 bp, 5′侧翼调控区为1 333 bp,含有5个内含子和6个外显子,开放阅读框(ORF)长942 bp,编码一个大小为313个氨基酸的蛋白质。UCP2基因组全序列为2 890 bp, 5′侧翼调控区为1 800 bp,含有7个内含子和8个外显子,ORF长939 bp,编码一个大小为312个氨基酸的蛋白质。UCP1、UCP2间隔外显子的内含子皆符合“GT-AG”规则,内含子的数目与哺乳动物一致。系统进化分析表明,鳜UCP1、UCP2氨基酸序列分别与鱼类UCP1、UCP2氨基酸序列聚为一支,且与UCP3、UCP4、UCP5分支区分明显。鳜UCP1、UCP2基因不同组织表达水平的高低可能与鳜本身的生态习性及各器官在产热、脂质代谢中的作用相关,但明确的分子机制尚待进一步研究。 相似文献
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干扰素调节因子(IRF)家族成员是一类重要的转录因子,在机体细胞感染病毒时单独或共同调控干扰素基因(IFN)的表达。IRF家族蛋白结构非常保守。其中N端DBD结构域赋予了IRF蛋白结合IFN启动子的功能,而C端IAD主要介导蛋白互作,因而不同IRF成员可能在不同的信号通路中发挥功能。哺乳动物IRF家族有9个成员,IRF1～9。鱼类IRF家族有11个成员,除了IRF1～9外,还包括硬骨鱼类特有的IRF11,以及在鸟类基因组中也存在的IRF10。哺乳类研究表明,IRF1/3/5/7/9在病毒感染的细胞中正调控IFN基因的表达,而IRF2则负调控IFN的表达。近十多年来,鱼类IRF家族的功能研究取得了重要进展,相关研究结论基本来自于体外的实验数据。本文综述了鱼类IRF家族成员的表达、亚细胞定位以及调控IFN抗病毒免疫反应的分子机制。 相似文献
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鱼类内源性生长激素释放肽的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生长激素释放肽（Ghrelin）是在哺乳动物中发现的第一个生长激素促分泌素受体的内源性配体，部分鱼类的Ghrelin基因和肽链结构已经被确定。与哺乳动物相似，鱼类Ghrelin的主要分泌部位也在消化道，但在脑、肾脏、鳃、心脏等组织中也有少量分泌。鱼类的Ghrelin参与多种生理功能的调节，包括促进摄食以及调节脑垂体内多种激素的分泌，可促进脑垂体分泌LH和GH，某些鱼类Ghrelin可能具有促进脑垂体分泌PRL的功能。本文综述了近年来鱼类Ghrelin结构与生理功能研究概况，旨在为丰富鱼类内分泌生理学研究提供参考资料。[中国水产科学，2008，15（3）：516-522] 相似文献
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与哺乳动物不同,芳香化酶(aromatase,Cyp19)中的Cyp19a在硬骨鱼类的脑中表达强烈,这是由于该基因主要起源于性腺芳香化酶和脑芳香化酶,并得到了高效表达。转基因(cyp19a1b-GFP)鱼的原位杂交、免疫组化以及绿色荧光蛋白GFP的表达研究发现,脑芳香化酶仅在鱼的放射性胶质细胞(RGC)中表达,而这些细胞作为发育中的幼鱼和成鱼脑中的祖细胞始终贯穿于鱼类的整个生活史中。尽管脑芳香化酶主要分布于视前区和下丘脑的放射性胶质细胞,但在中枢神经系统和脊髓中也存在。Cyp19a1b的高表达通过雌激素和芳香化的雄激素上调芳香化酶的表达而实现,所以脑芳香化酶活性与性类固醇密切相关。这种表达机制通过雌激素受体与Cyp19a1b启动子上的雌激素反应组件结合实现。而细胞特异性是通过雌激素受体与特殊的神经胶质因子之间的强制协同完成。成鱼脑中芳香化酶除了对脑性别分化和性行为具有经典功能外,在放射性胶质细胞中的表达可能是维持鱼类脑部高增生活性的重要原因。 相似文献
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Ⅱ型干扰素，也称干扰素-γ（IFN-γ），是参与辅助性T淋巴细胞1（Th1）免疫应答的关键细胞因子之一。研究表明，鱼类与哺乳类Ⅱ型干扰素同源，不同的是真骨鱼类（Teleost）有两种Ⅱ型干扰素，即IFN-γ和干扰素-γ相关因子（IFN-γrel）。迄今，对鱼类IFN-γ基因的表达规律和功能已有大量报道，而对IFN-γrel的研究尚不深入，产生IFN-γ和IFN-γrel的细胞来源不清楚，它们是否有功能差异也存在争议。为此，本研究构建原核表达质粒，在大肠杆菌DE3中表达草鱼（Ci）IFN-γ和CiIFN-γrel重组蛋白。实验结果显示，重组CiIFN-γ蛋白为可溶性蛋白，而CiIFN-γrel蛋白则不可溶。通过亲和层析和分子筛层析获得了高纯度CiIFN-γ和CiIFN-γrel重组蛋白，免疫小鼠制备了单克隆抗体。通过Western Blotting筛选获得4株特异性高、亲和力强的抗体，结果表明CiIFN-γ单克隆抗体与CiIFN-γrel没有交叉反应，反之亦然，其中FITC标记的两株抗体可用于免疫荧光和流式细胞术分析。此外，Western Blotting分析显示草鱼IFN-γ和IFN-γrel单克隆抗体不识别斑马鱼的同源Ⅱ型干扰素蛋白。本研究制备了首个IFN-γrel的单克隆抗体，为深入研究草鱼Ⅱ型干扰素的产生和生物学功能奠定基础。 相似文献
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生长抑素(Somatostatin,简称SS)是结构和功能多样的肽激素家族。它的生理作用是通过结合G蛋白介导偶联的跨膜生长抑素受体(SSTR)来完成的。SS和SSTR在鱼的组织(如肾脏、甲状腺、肾上腺、胃肠道和大脑等)中广泛存在并相互作用来调节许多生理过程。通过研究其生长变化,了解它们在生长调节中的作用。SS对生物体生长的影响在生长激素(GH)-胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)系统的上起作用。旨在叙述鱼类中的生长抑素及其在鱼类生长代谢中的作用,为今后鱼类生长相关实验的提供参考。 相似文献
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Rhbdd3(Rhomboid domain-containing protein 3)蛋白在哺乳动物天然免疫中发挥了重要作用,但水生动物中rhbdd3基因的确定序列及Rhbdd3蛋白的功能均尚未见报道。为研究鲤(Cyprinus carpio)的Rhbdd3蛋白在鱼类细胞中的功能,探讨其过表达对鱼类病毒感染的影响,本研究通过PCR扩增得到了鲤rhbdd3基因的编码序列,并将其克隆至pCI-neo载体上,构建了真核表达质粒pCI-rhbdd3。pCI-rhbdd3转染鲤上皮瘤细胞EPC(epithelioma papulosum cyprinid)和鲑囊胚细胞CHSE-214(chinook salmon embryo)后利用制备的特异性抗体进行Western blot,检测Rhbdd3蛋白的表达情况,并利用CCK-8试剂检测其过表达对细胞增殖的影响。转染后分别进行鲤春病毒血症病毒(SVCV)和传染性胰腺坏死病毒(IPNV)的感染实验,并利用间接免疫荧光、Western blot和RT-qPCR方法检测Rhbdd3过表达对SVCV和IPNV增殖的影响。结果显示,pCI-rhbdd3转染后Rhbdd3蛋白在EPC和CHSE-214细胞中得到了过表达,且Rhbdd3蛋白的过表达能显著抑制SVCV和IPNV的复制,但不影响两种细胞的正常活性。本研究为鱼类广谱抗病毒药物的开发提供了新的实验依据,也为鱼类抗病毒新品种的培育奠定了重要基础。 相似文献
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利用RACE技术克隆得到了斑马鱼(Danio rerio)白三烯B4受体样(BLT1-like)基因BLT1-like1和BLT1-like2的全长cDNA序列,其分别编码339和356个氨基酸。序列和结构分析发现,其编码的两个蛋白均属于G蛋白偶联受体家族视紫红质蛋白亚族,并具有典型的G蛋白偶联受体的特征,与人的BLT1同源度达31%以上。进一步将两基因与绿色荧光蛋白融合表达,发现其具有较好的细胞膜定位功能;Western印迹检测也证实,重组表达细胞的全细胞蛋白可与人源BLT1的多克隆抗体发生特异性相互作用。此外,荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,在斑马鱼幼鱼发育过程中,BLT1-like1基因在胚胎发育12 h显著上调,mRNA表达量上升至1 h的18倍,而BLT1-like2基因在胚胎发育24 h发生显著上调,表达量上升至1 h的34倍;而在斑马鱼成鱼中两个基因在心脏和肝脏中表达量相对较高,而肠、皮和眼睛中表达量相对较低。本研究的结果说明斑马鱼中可能存在多个BLT1基因,并为鱼类BLT1基因的克隆和功能鉴定提供基础。 相似文献
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I. Coulibaly S. A. Gahr J. Yao C. E. Rexroad III 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2006,32(3):249-253
Uncoupling proteins are mitochondrial anions transporters that dissociate respiration from ATP synthesis through proton leaks. Uncoupling protein 2 reportedly plays a role in several physiological processes such as energy partitioning, nutrition, and fatty acid metabolism. The mRNA expression of rainbow trout UCP2 genes (UCP2A and UCP2B) was monitored during embryogenesis and early larval development. Both genes were recruited early and displayed similar steadily decreasing patterns from fertilization until hatching. The expression of UCP2A and UCP2B appeared significantly differentiated after hatching and during the yolk sac absorption, with UCP2A displaying higher expression. We suggest that UCP2 expression profiles in the rainbow trout embryo could be associated with the utilization of lipids as a source of energy during development. 相似文献
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T. T. Chen L. B. Agellon C. M. Lin H. J. Tsai Peijun Zhang L. I. González-Villasénor D. A. Powers 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,7(1-6):381-385
The primary structures of two rainbow trout growth hormone mRNAs (GH1 and GH2) have been deduced by direct sequencing of their
respective cDNA clones and portions of the mRNA. Both GH1 and GH2 mRNA contain open reading frames comprised of 630 nucleotides
and encode 210 amino acid residues of which 11 are variant. The translated regions of both mRNA are flanked by a short but
rather conserved 5′-end, and a relatively long but highly diverged 3′-end. The differences at translated and 3′-untranslated
regions suggest that the GH1 and GH2 mRNA originate from different loci. The GH1 and GH2 mRNA are likely transcribed from
two distinct loci which were duplicated during tetraploidization of salmonid genome between 50 to 100 million years ago.
The GH2 gene has been isolated and sequenced from a rainbow trout genomic library. This gene spans a region of approximately
4 kilobases. The trout GH gene is comprised of 6 exons and 5 introns, in contrast to 5 exons and 4 introns in mammals. The
additional intron in the trout gene interrupts the translated regions that are analogous to the last exon of the mammalian
counterpart. The alleged internally repeating sequences in mammalian GH, prolactin (Pr1) and placental lactogen (PL) are not
observed in the predicted polypeptide sequence of trout GH. In addition, direct repeats that flank exons I, III and V of mammalian
GH, Pr1 and PL genes are absent in trout gene. These findings indicate that the rainbow trout GH gene structure does not support
the current hypothesis that internally repeated regions in GH, Pr1 and PL arose from a small primordial gene. 相似文献
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亚东鲑(Salmo trutta fario)是鲑属鱼类在青藏高原仅有的鱼类种群,是亚东地区全国农产品地理标志产品。本研究对西藏亚东地区野生和养殖亚东鲑的常规营养成分及各组织氨基酸和脂肪酸组成进行分析,旨在比较野生和养殖亚东鲑营养成分的异同,为养殖亚东鲑的品质评价和饲料配方的完善提供参考信息。实验采集亚东河中野生亚东鲑和亚东渔业产业园中使用配合饲料养殖的亚东鲑各10尾用于相关成分分析,每尾为一个独立样本。结果显示,野生组肥满度显著低于养殖组,而全鱼水分和灰分显著高于养殖组。全鱼粗蛋白、粗脂肪以及肝脏常规成分在野生组和养殖组间无显著差异。野生组肌肉粗脂肪显著低于养殖组,而水分含量显著高于养殖组。野生组全鱼必需氨基酸总量显著高于养殖组,且野生组肌肉中苏氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸和甘氨酸含量显著高于养殖组。野生组全鱼、肌肉和肝脏中饱和脂肪酸、n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFA)总量、EPA、C20:4n-6以及肌肉中DHA含量高于养殖组,而全鱼和组织中单不饱和脂肪酸和n-6 PUFA总量低于养殖组。综上所述,目前养殖亚东鲑和野生亚东鲑在机体成分上存在较大差异。由于养殖鱼类体成分很大程度上反映了饲料组成,因此,亚东鲑养殖中饲料营养组成可能有待进一步优化。 相似文献
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Glucose transporters in pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂): Molecular cloning,characterization, tissue distribution and their expressions in response to dietary carbohydrate level 
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下载免费PDF全文 Songlin Li Ziqiang Li Chunyan Sang Jiacan Zhang Naisong Chen Xuxiong Huang 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(1):253-264
The glucose transporters (GLUTs) play vital role in mediating the glucose uptake process, the movement of glucose across plasma membranes. In this study, three GLUTs, GLUT1, GLUT2 and GLUT4 were cloned and characterized form pearl gentian grouper, a hybrid grouper, and their expressions in response to dietary carbohydrate level (8.02%, 11.89% and 16.08%) were investigated after feeding. The full‐length cDNA of GLUT1, GLUT2 and GLUT4 were 2,104, 3,759 and 2,815 bp, respectively, encoding a putative protein of 491, 508 and 505 amino acids respectively. The results of sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that grouper GLUTs were highly conserved and clustered together with their corresponding teleost orthologues, rather than mammals. In addition, GLUT1 was ubiquitously expressed in all detected tissues with relative high expressions in heart and brain. GLUT2 is relatively abundant in some certain tissues that release glucose, such as liver and intestine, and GLUT4 was expressed primarily in muscle and eye. The elevated dietary carbohydrate level had no significant difference on the expression of GLUT1 in grouper liver. The expression of GLUT2 in grouper liver was significantly up‐regulated with the increasing dietary carbohydrate from 8.02% to 11.89%, and therefore down‐regulated significantly. Meanwhile, the expression of GLUT4 in grouper muscle increased significantly with increasing dietary carbohydrate. Results of this study indicate that the up‐regulation of GLUTs in fish contribute to maintain glucose equilibrium to some extent when fish were fed with high carbohydrate diets. 相似文献
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Ganesan Nagarajan Adimoolam Aruna Ching-Fong Chang 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(1):95-101
Despite neurosteroidogenic enzymes are playing important roles in the regulation of brain development and function, the potential link between brain and gonad by the action of steroid hormones during gonadal sex differentiation is still not clear in teleosts. In this mini-review, we summarized our understanding on the early brain development related to the synthesis of neurosteroids and receptor signaling during gonadal sex differentiation in protogynous orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides (functional females for the first 6 years of life and start to sex change around the age of 7 years) and protandrous black porgy (functional males for the first 2 years of life but begin to change sex during the third year). We found a similar profile in the increased expression of brain aromatase gene (aromatatse B or cyp19a1b), aromatase activity, estradiol (E2), and estrogen signaling in the brain of both grouper and black porgy fish during gonadal sex differentiation. In contrast to mammals, teleost fish Cyp19a1b expressed in a unique cell type, a radial glial cell, which is acted as progenitors in the brain of developing and adult fish. In agreement with these pioneer studies, we demonstrated that the grouper cyp19a1b/Cyp19a1b was expressed in radial glial cells. Further, in vivo data in the grouper brain showed that exogenous E2 upregulated Cyp19a1b immunoreactivity (ir) in radial glial cells. These data suggest the possible roles of Cyp19a1b and E2 in early brain development which is presumably related to gonadal sex differentiation. 相似文献
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南方大口鲶仔鱼的生长和摄食的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了南方大口鲶仔鱼的生长和摄食。研究结果表明,南方大口鲶仔鱼在0～15日龄内,全长与日龄之间呈线性相关,L=4．5849＋1．7892T（r=0．9942）,体重与日龄呈幂函数相关W=3．2664e0．3221T（r2=0．9783）。个体之间的生长差异较为明显,变异系数由0日龄的5．59升至15日龄的9．95,目增量率随日龄的增长呈双峰抛物线下降曲线,8～13日龄仔全对鲤鱼水花和水丝蚓的援食系数分别为4．76和4．02,对鲤鱼的摄食强度较高。通过对南方大口鲶生物学习性观察,发现其仔鱼具有明显的负趋光性和昼夜摄食节律,对饵料生物的选择依消化器官和游泳器官的发育程度依次为轮虫、桡足类幼体──枝角类、桡足类──水丝蚓和家鱼水花。 相似文献
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细胞色素c氧化酶（COX）是线粒体电子传递链的末端酶,COX6A是细胞色素c氧化酶的核编码亚基之一。为丰富花鲈（基因及相关miRNAs在花鲈渗透调节机制中的潜在作用,本研究开展了花鲈cox6a基因的miRNAs,并对其与）。系统进化树分析进一步确认了两个花鲈在垂体、脑、肝脏和肾脏中的表达量较高,基因的miRNA：miR-30e-5p、miR-223、miR-200a-3p和miR-155-5p,但没有发现可能靶定基因以及miR-30e-5p、miR-223、miR-200a-3p都呈现显著差异表达,而miR-155-5p仅在适应高盐环境时出现了显著的差异表达。这表明,基因和4个miRNAs在花鲈的渗透调节过程中发挥潜在作用。其中miR-30e-5p、miR-223和miR-200a-3p的表达趋势与cox6a2基因的表达调控。本研究为探讨花鲈适应不同盐度环境的渗透调节机制提供了基础数据。 相似文献