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季节因素对真代谢能法测定鸡饲料氨基酸消化率影响的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文分别在夏季(平均温度22℃,光照15小时)和秋季(平均温度12℃,光照12小时)采用Sibbalcl“真代谢能法”测定了菜籽饼、棉仁粕、豆饼和豆粕的氨基酸利用率和鸡内源氨基酸排泄量。结果表明,试鸡夏季内源氨基酸排泄量显著高于秋季(P<0.01)。4种饲料样品氨基酸平均表观消化率夏季测定值分别为57.0,67.6,70.7,87.8;秋季测定值分别为70.4,75.4,72,4,91.9。菜籽饼、棉仁粕和豆粕氨基酸消化率夏季测定位显著低于秋季测定值(P<0.05)。4种饲料平均真氨基酸消化率夏季测定值分别为63.6,74.1,75.8,91.1;秋季测定值分别为72.7,79.1,74.2,93.4。夏季测定值除豆饼外,仍低于秋季测定值,但除菜籽饼外,差异不显著(P>0.01)。因此,在进行鸡饲料氨基酸利用率测定时,有必要考虑温度和光照的季节影响因素。 相似文献
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饼粕类饲料是指含油多的籽实脱油后的副产品。主要包括豆饼(粕)、棉籽饼(粕)、菜籽饼(粕)、花生饼(粕)、芝麻饼(粕)、胡麻饼(粕)、葵花饼(粕)、玉米饼(粕)、玉米胚芽饼等。饼粕中的蛋白质含量一般为30%～50%,除蛋氨酸含 相似文献
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1饲料种类猪是杂食动物,所以很多饲料都可以用来喂猪,常用的饲料中,属于能量饲料的有玉米、高粱、大麦、甘薯（干）等。蛋白质饲料常用的有豆饼（粕）、花生饼（粕）、菜籽饼、棉籽饼、鱼粉、肉骨粉、血粉、羽毛粉等。配合饲料常用的原料有玉米、大麦、麦麸、燕麦、豆饼（粕）、鱼粉、饲料酵母,以及矿物质添加剂、维生素添加剂、合成氨基酸等。糠麸类饲料主要包括米糠、麦糠、红薯藤糠、花生藤糠、蚕豆叶糠、黄豆秸秆糠等,用量为饲料总量的10％～15％,最多不超过20％。 相似文献
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去盲肠和未去盲肠公鸡测定饲料氨基酸消化率的比较研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
应用Sibbald“TME”方法,比较了去盲肠和未去盲肠公鸡对饲料氨基酸的消化率。试验测定了10种饲料的去盲肠和未去盲肠公鸡的氨基酸消化率。结果表明,未去盲肠鸡对10种饲料的氨基酸表观和真消化率均高于去盲肠鸡。轻度受热鱼粉、重度受热鱼粉、脱毒棉籽饼、未脱毒棉籽饼和豆饼的表观氨基酸消化率在去盲肠鸡和未去盲肠鸡之间存在显著差异(P<0.05),未受热鱼粉和芝麻饼的表观氨基酸消化率在去盲肠鸡和未去盲肠鸡之间不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。轻度受热鱼粉、重度受热鱼粉、豆饼的真氨基酸消化率在去盲肠鸡和未去盲肠鸡之间存在显著差异(P<0.05);未受热鱼粉、脱毒棉籽饼、未脱毒棉籽饼和芝麻粕的真氨基酸消化率在去盲肠鸡和未去盲肠鸡之间不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。去盲肠鸡内源氨基酸排出量显著高于未去盲肠鸡(P>0.05)。微生物对未消化食糜中的肽类、氨基酸具有降解作用。 相似文献
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猪饲料的种类较多,在配制猪饲料的过程中,根据生猪的生长需求,对各类猪饲料按照适宜比例进行科学调配,不仅可避免盲目配制、节约饲料、降低生产成本,而且还能促进生猪的生长发育、体重增长速度快、提高饲料效益。正常情况下,各类猪饲料的适宜配制比例如下: 1.粮食类饲料: 主要包括玉米、大麦、小麦、高粱、蚕豆、豌豆等。一般用量为饲料总量的50%,最多不超过60%。 2.饼类饲料: 主要包括菜籽饼、花生饼、棉籽饼、大豆饼、芝麻饼等。饼类饲料的配合比例为饲料总量的10%～20%。大豆饼、花生饼营养好,可配25%;菜籽饼、棉籽饼要低于10%。菜… 相似文献
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在京黄肉鸡和京白蛋鸡上应用 Sibbald“鸡真代谢能”快速测定法,测定了脱毒菜籽饼,菜籽饼、豆饼和鱼粉的表观代谢能含量和氨基酸的消化率。试验结果表明:(1)酸法脱毒工艺生产的脱毒菜籽饼与原菜籽饼的表观代谢能含量相近,分别为8.91和9.41MJ/kg(蛋鸡);(2)在13种饲料氨基酸中,脱毒菜籽饼和菜籽饼低于鱼粉和豆饼,各占21.65%,20.41%;(3)脱毒菜籽饼在蛋鸡体内氨基酸的平均消化率为87.73%,比鱼粉或豆饼中氨基酸的平均消化率仅低4.25%或2.36%,但比原菜籽饼高15.32%,说明脱毒工艺提高了菜籽饼中氨基酸的消化率。试验证明,用脱毒菜籽饼代替鸡饲粮中的豆饼是可行的。同时,还测得肉鸡对饲料中能量的利用和氨基酸的消化率高于蛋鸡,用四种蛋白质饲料饲喂京黄肉鸡的 AME 值平均比京白蛋鸡高3.74%,氨基酸的消化率京黄肉鸡比京白蛋鸡高5.79%。 相似文献
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所谓杂饼,即除了常用的豆饼(粕)花生饼、菜籽饼、棉籽饼以外的小宗饼类。在吉林省主要有葵花饼、线麻籽饼、玉米脐饼以及亚麻饼、蓖麻饼、苏籽饼和芝麻饼等。 相似文献
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翘嘴红鲌、花Hua对18种饲料原料蛋白质、氨基酸离体消化率 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用翘嘴红鲌、花Hua的肠道为消化酶酶源，采用离体消化率的测定方法，分别测定了对次粉、麸皮、玉米、小麦、大豆、豆粕、膨化大豆、葵粕、红花籽粕、花生粕、棉粕(1)、棉粕(2)、油菜籽、菜籽粕、菜籽饼、血粉、国产鱼粉、肉粉的离体消化率。翘嘴红鲌对大豆、花生粕、油菜籽、菜籽饼、豆粕有较好的消化率(消化率≥36．20％)；花Hua对花生粕、油菜籽、豆粕、菜籽饼、棉粕(2)有较好的消化率(消化率≥33．87％)，这些原料在人工配合饲料中可以优先选择。 相似文献
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Zuzana Ceresnáková A Sommer Mária Chrenková Patrícia Dolesová 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2002,56(6):409-418
The crude protein content and amino acid profile of seven feedstuffs (linseed meal, maize gluten meal, rapeseed meal, rapeseed meal protected, soybean meal, fullfat soybean extruded and sunflower meal) were determined before and after ruminal incubation for 16 h in three bulls with large rumen cannulas. The intestinal disappearance of amino acids was measured using mobile bag technique. Ruminal incubation affected amino acid profile of all experimental feedstuffs. Crude protein degradation varied from 29.3% for maize gluten meal to 86.4% for rapeseed meal. A tendency towards increased disappearance was observed for glutamic acid, histidine, lysine and proline and decreased disappearance for branched-chain amino acids. The intestinal crude protein digestibility was higher than > 80%, except rapeseed meal (66.4%) and sunflower meal (77.8%). The least digestible individual amino acids were methionine and isoleucine in rapeseed meal, histidine and methionine in rapeseed meal protected and arginine in sunflower meal. In general, the lowest amino acid digestibilities were found in feedstuffs with the highest fibre content. The feedstuffs show that they have different potential for supplying of limiting amino acids. Of particular value are the feedstuffs with low crude protein degradability in the rumen and high intestinal digestibility of amino acids. 相似文献
12.
花生饼、粕鸡猪氨基酸真消化率的测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验采用猪回直肠吻合法及“ＴＭＥ”改良法,分别测定了猪鸡对花生饼、粕的氨基酸真消化率（ＴＤＡＡ） 。结果表明：鸡的花生饼、粕ＴＤＡＡ 值相近。其中Ｌｙｓ 的ＴＤＡＡ 分别为８６ ．２ ％ 和８８ ．８ ％ ,为最低者：Ａｒｇ 的ＴＤＡＡ 分别为９６ ．２ ％ 和９７ ．１ ％ ,为最高者。花生饼、粕猪ＴＤＡＡ 中Ｌｙｓ 、Ｍｅｔ、Ｔｈｒ 较低,分别为８４ ．４ ％ 和８１ ．９ ％ ;８４ ．９ ％ 和８４ ．１ ％ ;８４ ．３ ％ 和８２ ．３ ％ 。精氨酸ＴＤＡＡ 最高,分别为９７ ．０ ％ 和９６ ．４ ％ 。 相似文献
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2015年山东省肉鸡饲料原料中重金属污染情况调查及风险评估 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验旨在调查2015年山东省肉鸡饲料原料中砷、铅、镉、铬和汞元素的污染情况,评估饲料原料的污染风险。试验收集烟台市莱阳、威海市文登、青岛市莱西、潍坊市诸城、日照市莒县、临沂市沂水、德州市夏津等地不同饲料生产厂家使用的8种饲料原料,包括玉米、豆粕、麸皮、花生粕、棉籽粕、玉米蛋白粉、干酒糟及其可溶物( DDGS)和微量元素预混料,应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法( ICP-AES)检测镉、铅和铬元素的含量,应用原子荧光光谱法( AFS)检测砷和汞元素的含量,计算检出率、平均含量、超标率、最高含量与平均含量比值( HC/AC)和离散系数。结果表明：饲料原料中砷、铅、镉、铬和汞元素的检出率分别为32.29%、7.29%、12.50%、100.00%和100.00%;阳性样品中平均含量分别为0.21、1.27、2.12、3.48和0.02 mg/kg,超标率分别为0.00、1.04%、1.19%、54.76%和9.52%;微量元素预混料中砷、铅和镉元素,棉籽粕中铬元素及花生粕中汞元素的HC/AC最大,微量元素预混料中镉元素、花生粕中汞元素、豆粕中砷元素及棉籽粕中铅和铬元素离散系数最大。综上所述,肉鸡饲料原料中铬和汞元素污染严重;微量元素预混料中砷、镉、铬和铅元素、棉籽粕中铬和铅元素、花生粕和豆粕中汞元素易出现严重污染,因此建议制定预混料和饼粕类饲料中多种重金属元素的限量标准。 相似文献
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蛋白质饲料经瘤胃培养和小肠酶降解后的氨基酸模型 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以 3头瘘管牛用尼龙袋法测定鱼粉、菜籽粕、棉仁粕和胡麻粕经瘤胃培养后和小肠酶降解后的氨基酸模型。经瘤胃培养后 ,饲料中的 3种支链氨基酸和苯丙氨酸占总氨基酸比例增加 ,其它氨基酸基本保持原样中的比例。瘤胃培养 2 4h未降解残渣用小肠复合酶处理 ,胱氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和赖氨酸及精氨酸在氨基酸模型中的比例增加。而谷氨酸和天冬氨酸比例下降 ,其它氨基酸基本保持处理前的模型 相似文献
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肉仔鸡对若干国产原料的氨基酸消化率 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本试验研究了肉仔鸡性别与日龄对菜籽粕、棉籽粕、肉骨粉和羽毛粉的氨基酸消化率的影响。试验中测定了4周龄和6周龄的肉仔鸡公鸡和母鸡对菜籽粕、棉籽粕、肉骨粉和羽毛粉的氨基酸消化率。研究表明 ,除羽毛粉以外 ,4周龄肉仔鸡对其他3种原料的氨基酸真消化率显著高于6周龄肉仔鸡(P<0.01) ,肉仔鸡日龄对羽毛粉的氨基酸真消化率无影响。肉仔鸡性别对棉籽粕的氨基酸真消化率具有极显著影响(P<0.01) ,公鸡对棉籽粕的氨基酸真消化率极显著低于母鸡 ;性别对其它3种原料的氨基酸真消化率无显著影响。肉仔鸡性别与日龄对菜籽粕氨基酸真消化率存在极显著互作(P<0.01) ,对棉籽粕的氨基酸真消化率存在显著互作(P<0.05) ,且各种氨基酸消化率均表现出相同的变化趋势 相似文献
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Soenke Moehn delis Martinazzo-Dallagnol Robert F.P. Bertolo Paul B. Pencharz Ronald O. Ball 《Livestock Science》2007,109(1-3):24-26
Using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique in a standard curve assay, the availability of lysine in feedstuffs for pigs was determined using oral isotope delivery. In 8 barrows, 20 kg initial weight, indicator oxidation responded linearly to increasing levels of free lysine at 50, 60, 70 and 80% of requirements. The availability of lysine in peas was reduced from 75.8% to 68.3% after heating. Adding back the lysine lost during heating restored the availability to 76.5%. Using this method, the availability of lysine in soybean meal (87.5%) was similar to reported true ileal digestibility, while that in canola meal (71.4%) and cottonseed meal (75.1%) was lower and greater, respectively. The results for peas demonstrate that this method responds sensitively to small changes in lysine availability. Therefore, using oral isotope delivery with this method is suitable to determine the bioavailability of amino acids in feedstuffs for pigs. 相似文献
17.
1. Experiments were conducted to assess the influence of caecectomy on amino acid availability (AAA) of three feedstuffs for goose. 2. Nine caecectomised and 9 intact Yangzhou ganders, 24 weeks old, were used in these experiments. Fish meal, soybean meal and cottonseed meal were used as the sole source of protein. The endogenous amino acid (AA) losses were evaluated by a nitrogen (N)-free diet method. The influence of caecectomy on apparent amino acid availability (AAAA) in fish meal, soybean meal and cottonseed meal was assessed in experiment 1 and true amino acid availability (TAAA) of three protein diets was determined in experiment 2. 3. Results showed that, in the soybean meal and cottonseed meal, the AAAA and TAAA of most AA determined by the intact ganders were higher than in the caecectomised ganders; in the fish meal, the AAAA and TAAA of most AA determined by the intact ganders were lower than in the caecectomised ganders. 4. Results of the present study suggest that the effect of caecectomy on AAA in geese was dependent on the feedstuff assayed, and it was better to use caecectomised poultry for AAA assessment. 相似文献
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The evaluation of the mobile nylon bag technique for determining the apparent protein digestibility in a wide variety of feedstuffs for pigs 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
W C Sauer L A den Hartog J Huisman P van Leeuwen C F de Lange 《Journal of animal science》1989,67(2):432-440
Studies were conducted with four (50 to 70 kg) barrows to evaluate the mobile nylon bag technique (MNBT) for determining the apparent protein digestibility (AD) in a variety of feedstuffs. One-gram samples of each feedstuff, ground through a 1.0-mm mesh screen, were enclosed in nylon bags (25 X 40 mm; 48 microns mesh). Following predigestion (.01 N HCl; 4,000 Folin Intestinal Pepsin Units/liter), four bags of each sample were inserted into each pig via a duodenal T-cannula. The indigested contents were pooled within pig and feedstuff prior to crude protein analysis. The AD of each feedstuff was determined previously with four barrows according to the conventional method (CM), based on a 5-d total collection of feces following a 14-d adaptation period. The following results, AD (%), were obtained with the MNBT (n = 4) and CM (n = 4), respectively. Barley, 70.1 vs 81.2 (P less than .05); corn, 72.3 vs 82.1 (P less than .05); wheat, 79.6 vs 86.4 (P less than .05); corn gluten feed, 73.9 vs 70.9; rice bran, 57.3 vs 57.4; wheat middlings, 70.8 vs 79.4 (P less than .05); soybean meal, 89.9 vs 93.0; a mixture of soybean meal and hulls, 86.9 vs 88.8; coconut expeller, 65.0 vs 69.8; fababeans, 79.5 vs 78.5; peas, 87.6 vs 88.1; meat meal, 83.2 vs 84.0; complete diet (4.3% crude fiber), 76.3 vs 83.6 (P less than .05); and complete diet (13.6% crude fiber), 56.5 vs 55.0.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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Three ruminal-cannulated Holstein cows in early lactation were fed three diets, each containing different energy and protein supplements in two consecutive 3 X 3 Latin squares. Each supplement contained a combination of three different feedstuffs (ground corn, soybean meal and wheat mids; corn gluten feed, rolled oats and distiller's dried grains; ground barley, brewer's grains and cottonseed meal). Diets consisted of 30% corn silage, 10% alfalfa hay, 10% alfalfa haylage, 17.7% ground corn plus minerals and vitamins, with the remainder as supplemental feedstuffs individually marked for measurement of ruminal turnover and in situ digestion rates. An extra period at the end of each Latin square was used to measure ruminal turnover and in situ digestion of individual forages. Diet had no effect on dry matter intake or milk yield. Mean fractional turnover (per hour) rate, measured by labeling feedstuffs with cerium, samarium or lanthanum was .044, .048, .049, .043, .047, .046, .050, .047, .049, .037, .046 and .045 for corn, soybean meal, wheat mids, corn gluten feed, oats, distiller's dried grains with solubles, barley, brewer's dried grains, cottonseed meal, alfalfa hay, corn silage and alfalfa haylage (P greater than .1), respectively. In situ-predicted ruminal degradation of N weighted for rate of passage was 61.4, 67.0, 81.5, 74.8, 86.3, 71.0, 75.7, 52.1, 54.2, 60.8, 71.7 and 70.9% for respective feedstuffs (P less than .05). In comparison with mean literature values for in vivo-measured N degradability, mean literature value = 1.172 (in situ predicted) -9.73 (P less than .05, R2 = .51). Results are interpreted to indicate a tendency for overestimating ruminal N degradability by in situ methods in feedstuffs of low degradability, while underestimating degradability in more highly degraded feedstuffs. Estimates were 11 to 17 percentage units lower than literature values for alfalfa hay and haylage and 17 units lower than literature values for distiller's dried grains. 相似文献