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1.
为明确香茅精油微乳液对朱砂叶螨的生物活性及其解毒酶系活性的影响,采用熏蒸法测定香茅精油微乳液对朱砂叶螨的熏蒸活性及香茅精油微乳液亚致死剂量处理下朱砂叶螨的产卵情况、趋避情况及解毒酶系活性。结果表明,当剂量达到2.5 μL时,香茅精油微乳液处理下朱砂叶螨的死亡率达到80.37%以上;香茅精油微乳液熏蒸24 h时,其对朱砂叶螨的亚致死剂量LD10和LD30分别为0.082 μL和0.284 μL;香茅精油微乳液LD10和LD30处理24 h时,其对朱砂叶螨的产卵抑制率分别为76.30%和78.67%,对朱砂叶螨的趋避率分别为80.00%和88.00%;香茅精油微乳液LD10和LD30处理后,朱砂叶螨体内酯酶活性在0~8 h表现出激活作用,随后一直处于抑制状态,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性一直处于激活状态,而多功能氧化酶活性处于抑制状态。表明香茅精油微乳液是一种很有前景的绿色杀螨剂。 相似文献
2.
为明确联苯肼酯对二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae体内解毒酶系的影响,采用叶片浸渍法测定联苯肼酯对二斑叶螨的亚致死质量浓度LC10和LC30,用这2种浓度分别处理二斑叶螨,并测定60 h内二斑叶螨体内谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（glutathione S-transferase,GST）、羧酸酯酶（carboxylesterase,CarE）和多功能氧化酶（multifunctional oxidase,MFO）的比活力,以及米氏常数Km及最大反应速率vmax的变化。结果显示,经LC10和LC30剂量处理二斑叶螨后,其体内CarE、GST和MFO的活性在6~60 h均受到明显诱导。其中,GST和MFO的比活力在12 h最大,分别为对照的1.25倍、1.60倍和1.63倍、1.84倍,CarE的比活力在48 h最大,为对照的1.27倍和1.37倍;与对照组相比,CarE的Km显著减小,vmax显著升高,而GST和MFO的Km显著增大,vmax显著减小。表明3种酶均参与了二斑叶螨对联苯肼酯的解毒代谢,其中CarE与底物的亲和力最大,反应速率最快,其对联苯肼酯的解毒代谢起主导作用。 相似文献
3.
广西地不容提取物及其化合物的抑菌活性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在室内用生长速率法测定了广西地不容块根提取物及其化合物对梨褐斑病菌、梨黑斑病菌、柑橘疮痂病菌和柑橘溃疡病菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,广西地不容块根提取物对上述4种病原菌均有明显的抑制作用,质量浓度为10 g/L时,72 h的抑菌率分别为100%、91.96%、84.76%和100%;在从广西地不容块根提取物分离出的7个化合物中,l-罗默碱对4种病菌均有很高的抑菌活性,质量浓度为1 g/L时,72 h的抑菌率分别为100%、100%、85.04%和100%。紫堇定对梨黑斑病菌抑菌活性高,72 h抑菌率为100%,对梨褐斑病菌和柑橘疮痂病菌也有较高的抑菌活性,而对柑橘溃疡病菌的抑菌活性低。广西地不容块根提取物对梨褐斑病菌、梨黑斑病菌、柑橘疮痂病菌和柑橘溃疡病菌的EC50分别为1.252 5、2.379 3、1.758 2、1.510 0 g/L,l-罗默碱的EC50分别为0.147 3、0.167 1、0.3464、0.118 2 g/L。 相似文献
4.
为建立高效经济的当归生产模式,于2017—2019年在甘肃省渭源县设置5种作物茬口（T3：豌豆-小麦-当归,T2：豌豆-蒙古黄芪-当归,T3：豌豆-马铃薯-当归,T4：豌豆-休耕-当归,CK：豌豆-当归-当归）进行田间试验,秋季收获后测定不同茬口当归根、叶养分含量、根活性成分和产量,采用主成分分析法确定各指标权重值、隶属综合因子分析法确定5种茬口的综合评价指数。结果表明：T2处理有利于促进当归根、叶中氮、磷、钾吸收累积,根部氮、磷、钾含量较CK分别显著增加29.98%、32.96%、24.29%（P<0.05）、叶部氮、磷、钾含量较CK分别显著增加37.72%、42.08%、64.63%（P<0.05）,且该茬口的当归产量、根的阿魏酸、浸出物含量较CK分别显著增加19.44%、17.37%、9.54%（P<0.05）。综合评价指数表现为T2(0.74)>T4(0.51)>T3(0.48)>CK(0.29)>T3(0.25)。综上可知,豌豆-蒙古黄芪-当归是高寒阴湿区当归高效经济生产的适宜模式。 相似文献
5.
不同水肥配合对马铃薯产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过马铃薯膜下滴灌水肥耦合盆栽试验,以补水时期（X1）、补灌定额(X2）、施氮量（X3）、施磷量（X4）、施钾量（X5）为试验因素,采用5因素5水平（1/2实施）的二次旋转回归正交组合试验设计。研究了不同氮、磷、钾配施对马铃薯产量的影响,创建了马铃薯产量与补水时期、氮、磷、钾施用量和灌水量关系方程。结果表明：各因素的作用顺序为：X5＞X4＞X3＞X2＞X
1,各因子的交互项对马铃薯产量的影响顺序为X4X5＞X3X5＞X2X4＞X2X5＞X2X3;在以产量为目标函数时,最高产量为33.785 t·hm-2时,补水时期为苗期灌水总量为灌溉定额的25%、现蕾期灌水总量为灌溉定额25%、初花期灌水总量为灌溉定额的50%;水肥耦合关系为灌溉定额为822 m3·hm-2,施氮量、施磷量、施钾量分别为73.5 kg·hm-2、224.4 kg·hm-2、223.8 kg·hm-2。 相似文献
6.
为探究秸秆和紫云英覆盖还田对玉米光合生理特性的影响,设置半量秸秆覆盖(HS)、全量秸秆覆盖(WS)、紫云英覆盖(M)、半量秸秆加紫云英覆盖(HS+M)、全量秸秆加紫云英覆盖(WS+M)、无覆盖(CK)6个处理,于玉米乳熟期测定光合气体交换参数的日变化、光响应曲线以及叶片生理指标和干物质量等。结果表明,净光合速率和气孔导度都呈“双峰”曲线变化,胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）和蒸腾速率(Tr)整体呈“单峰”曲线变化;HS+M处理的日平均净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)最高且较CK处理分别显著增加了33.44%、60.81%、33.36%,而各处理间的日平均胞间Ci差异不大;光响应曲线中,WS+M处理的Pnmax和LSP的实测值在各处理中最高,分别为23.46、1 900 mol·m-2·s-1,且各处理的光响应曲线拟合决定系数均高于0.99;Rubisco和PEPC的活性在各处理间均表现为：WS+M>HS+M>M>WS>HS>CK,各处理中,以WS+M处理的Rubisco和PEPC活性最高分别为12.92 U·L-1、6.59 U·L-1,且较CK处理高出1.12和1.59倍;玉米穗位叶叶面积和地上部分单株干物质量都以WS+M处理最高,分别较CK处理显著增加了16.40%、46.32%;气体交换参数与玉米叶片生理指标间均呈正相关关系。本研究结果表明,将秸秆、绿肥覆盖还田可提高玉米的光合作用能力,促进玉米地上部分干物质积累,为玉米最终增产提供物质基础。 相似文献
7.
四种化合物诱导马铃薯抗晚疫病的效果及其相关防御基因表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究水杨酸、壳聚糖、麦角甾醇和纤维二糖4种化合物诱导马铃薯抗晚疫病的效果及其作用机理,采用整株喷雾法、挑战接种法、菌丝生长速率法分析4种化合物对马铃薯晚疫病的预防作用及对其病原菌致病疫霉Phytophthora infestans的离体抑制效果,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定4种化合物诱导后马铃薯病程相关蛋白和防御酶基因的调控表达情况。结果显示,水杨酸、壳聚糖、纤维二糖和麦角甾醇分别处理马铃薯植株24 h后接种致病疫霉,在多个浓度下对晚疫病均有不同程度的诱导抗性,其中在1 000 μmol/L浓度（壳聚糖浓度为1 000 mg/L）时诱导抗性最好,较对照显著提高,诱抗效果分别为54.73%、61.99%、59.73%和48.59%。壳聚糖对马铃薯晚疫病的诱抗效果高于其它3种化合物,且只有壳聚糖能显著抑制致病疫霉的菌丝生长和孢子囊形成,说明壳聚糖除了能诱导作物产生抗病性外,还具有直接抑菌作用。4种化合物诱导后马铃薯病程相关蛋白基因PR1、过氧化物酶基因POD和多酚氧化酶基因PPO的表达量在施用早期均显著升高。表明这些化合物能诱导马铃薯对晚疫病产生抗性,可能与马铃薯体内过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶的活性和抗病信号传导途径关键基因PR1的表达有关。 相似文献
8.
以 “大西洋”马铃薯品种为试验材料,在甘肃省中部沿黄高扬程灌区的白银市景泰县条山农场马铃薯种植基地设置小区试验,在各发育阶段分别设置5个水分梯度（原灌溉量的50%、75%、100%、125%和150%,其中原灌溉量,即100%灌溉量,为当地常用的、维持试验地25.8%左右土壤含水率的灌溉量）,探讨马铃薯各发育阶段灌溉量对其生理特性及块茎产量、品质的影响。结果表明,在马铃薯的各发育阶段,随着灌溉量的增加马铃薯叶片净光合速率 (Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)分别先增加到最大值30.19 μmol·m-2·s-1、12.50 mmol·m-2·s-1,而后减小。当灌溉量为50%和150%时叶片Pn较100%灌溉量分别降低35.06%和19.59%。在不同发育阶段马铃薯叶片的生理活性对灌溉量表现出敏感响应。幼苗期75%灌溉量马铃薯叶片叶绿素含量、Pn和水分利用效率（WUE）分别为0.86 mg·g-1、21.88 μmol·m-2·s-1、2.29 μmol·mmol-1,较100%灌溉量分别提高了14.15%、0.31%、3.80%,而MDA含量、SOD活性及CAT活性最低,较100%灌溉量分别降低了8.40%、11.69%、8.23%;发棵期100%灌溉量处理下Pn和WUE最高,较50%灌溉量处理分别提高了53.99%、24.85%,此时脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、POD活性最低,分别为89.06 μg·g-1、143.45 μmol·g-1、438.14 U·g-1,同时超氧阴离子产生速率较50%灌溉量也降低了26.07%;结薯期125%灌溉量处理的Pn和WUE最高,较100%灌溉量分别提高了19.16%、6.76%,而SOD、POD活性较100%灌溉量分别降低了0.93%、6.23%;成熟期75%灌溉量马铃薯叶片Pn最高,较其余各灌溉量处理的Pn分别提高了38.64%、13.81%、14.16%、21.27%,而MDA含量、超氧阴离子产生速率分别为21.107 μmol·g-1、6.07 nmol·min-1·g-1,较100%灌溉量分别降低了19.35%、2.26%。同一生育期低灌溉量（50%灌溉量）块茎中淀粉含量较低。在幼苗期75%灌溉量处理使得块茎的可溶性蛋白含量较100%灌溉量处理提高6.20%。发棵期100%灌溉量块茎中淀粉含量达到最高（15.14%）,而结薯期125%灌溉量处理的块茎可溶性蛋白含量处于最高水平,较100%灌溉量下提高4.61%。成熟期75%灌溉量块茎淀粉含量处于最高水平,较100%灌溉量提高12.77%。结合块茎的总鲜重、商品薯率、淀粉含量、维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白含量、还原糖含量等指标,可知在幼苗期、发棵期、结薯期、成熟期灌溉量分别为原灌溉量的75%、100%、125%、75%时马铃薯块茎品质最优而且产量最高,分别为654.30、650.60、773.00、703.53 g·株-1。 相似文献
9.
选取塔里木河上游不同地下水位的样地作为研究点,利用便携式调制叶绿素荧光仪测定了不同地下水位下胡杨、灰胡杨的叶绿素荧光特性和PSⅡ光合活性.结果表明:随地下水位下降,胡杨、灰胡杨表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)、实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、光化学速率(PCR)、最大荧光(Fm)和PSⅡ潜在光合活性等参数普遍降低；而非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、调节性能量耗散量子产量(YNPQ)、非调节性能量耗散量子产量(YNO)、叶片光合功能相对限制值(PED)和光系统间激发能分配不平衡偏离系数(β/α-1)显著升高,但其最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)总体处于相对适宜状态(＞0.815)。表明两树种PSⅡ光合活性随地下水位下降而降低,光能捕获效率与光化学反应能量下降,耐受强光能力减弱,获取过剩光能程度和PSⅡ受损风险增加。但两树种可通过良好的抗逆性和自我调节机制,增强热耗散来缓解光能过剩带来的损伤,从而使PSⅡ未发生不可逆损伤,保持其较高的光合效率。比较不同地下水位下胡杨和灰胡杨的叶绿素荧光参数发现,胡杨PSⅡ反应中心活性与光化学效率较高、耐旱性较强,表明胡杨对荒漠干旱环境的适应性强于灰胡杨。 相似文献
10.
五种挥发性化合物对土传病原真菌及线虫的生物活性 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
为明确挥发性化合物反式-2-己烯醛、香茅醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、芳樟醇、1-戊烯-3-醇对土传病害及线虫病的防治潜力,采用密封盘菌丝生长速率法比较了挥发性化合物对辣椒疫霉等7种植物土传病原真菌、南方根结线虫和禾谷孢囊线虫的生物活性。反式-2-己烯醛和香茅醛的生物活性高于1-辛烯-3-醇、芳樟醇及1-戊烯-3-醇,21.0μL/L反式-2-己烯醛处理能够完全抑制供试病原真菌菌丝的生长。10.5μL/L反式-2-己烯醛或香茅醛处理对花生冠腐病菌孢子及棉花黄萎病菌色素的产生均有较强的抑制作用,且42.0μL/L处理能够完全抑制黄瓜菌核病菌菌核的萌发。2.62μL/L反式-2-己烯醛处理南方根结线虫和禾谷孢囊线虫的2龄幼虫,24h的死亡率均为100%;2.62μL/L香茅醛处理24 h的死亡率分别为95.4%和89.5%,而对照处理的死亡率分别为2.5%和3.0%。研究表明反式-2-己烯醛及香茅醛具有较好的熏蒸抑菌及杀线虫活性。 相似文献
11.
采用药液浸渍法、沙柱法以及与荧光染料Cy3共孵育的方法,以丙溴磷、克百威和阿维菌素为对照药剂,测定了溴氰菊酯对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫Ditylenchus destructor的毒力以及对其运动扩散和摄食的影响。结果表明:溴氰菊酯对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫具有一定的杀灭活性,其LC50值为459.8mg/L,活性低于丙溴磷(159.9mg/L)、克百威(331.9mg/L)和阿维菌素(257.3mg/L);溴氰菊酯对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫运动扩散的抑制作用IC50值为3.1mg/L,其活性低于阿维菌素(0.8mg/L),但高于丙溴磷(8.3mg/L)和克百威(16.1mg/L)。当丙溴磷和克百威质量浓度分别低至0.6和40mg/L时,可刺激90%以上的线虫摄食;当丙溴磷和克百威质量浓度最低分别为360和300mg/L时,可抑制全部线虫的摄食;溴氰菊酯与阿维菌素则对线虫的摄食无刺激作用;用10mg/L的丙溴磷处理线虫2h后再分别用阿维菌素和溴氰菊酯处理,发现阿维菌素和溴氰菊酯质量浓度最低分别为20和200mg/L时可抑制全部马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的摄食。研究表明,溴氰菊酯对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫具有较高的活性,其在线虫防治领域的开发应用潜力较好。 相似文献
12.
Roy Kennedy Alison J. Wakeham 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,122(1):147-155
A monoclonal antibody that recognises components of the wall of sporangia of Peronospora destructor was raised. Tests using spores of higher fungi and other species of mildew demonstrated the specificity of the monoclonal.
The antibody was used to develop lateral flow devices for sporangia of P. destructor. A competitive lateral flow format was developed which could detect onion downy mildew sporangia. Five-microliter gold anti-mouse
IgM solution pre-mixed with 10 μl of P. destructor monoclonal antibody (EMA 242) proved the optimal concentration for detection of sporangia of P. destructor when applied to sample pads of lateral flow devices. Limits of approximately 500 sporangia of P. destructor could be detected by the absence of a test line on the lateral flow device within test samples. Using a scanning densitometer
improved the sensitivity of detection. Further development and validation of the test is required if it is to be used for
risk assessments of onion downy mildew in the field. 相似文献
13.
观察淡紫拟青霉菌在不同培养基上的生长状况,研究淡紫拟青霉菌在不同培养基上的生长特性及对茎线虫的毒力。结果表明:不同培养基对淡紫拟青霉NH-PL-03菌株的生长特性有明显影响。在孟加拉红、PDA和察氏培养基上,菌丝量增长最为显著,培养8d,菌丝量分别达到0.800、.73 g/50 mL和0.70g/50 mL;培养过程产孢量处于动态增长趋势,而且不同培养基产孢量大不相同;在察氏和燕麦培养基上产孢量最大,培养8d,产孢量分别达到36.90×106/mL和35.51×106/mL;培养液滤液的毒力随淡紫拟青霉培养时间延长而升高,在察氏培养基培养毒力较高,对茎线虫的最高校正死亡率达到43.44%。 相似文献
14.
Background
Invasive Australian populations of redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker), are evolving increasing organophosphate resistance. In addition to the canonical ace gene, the target gene of organophosphates, the H. destructor genome contains many radiated ace-like genes that vary in copy number and amino acid sequence. In this work, we characterise copy number and target-site mutation variation at the canonical ace and ace-like genes and test for potential associations with organophosphate insensitivity. This was achieved through comparisons of whole-genome pool-seq data from alive and dead mites following organophosphate exposure.Results
A combination of increased copy number and target-site mutations at the canonical ace was associated with organophosphate insensitivity in H. destructor. Resistant populations were segregating for G119S, A201S, F331Y at the canonical ace. A subset of populations also had copy numbers of canonical ace > 2, which potentially helps overexpress proteins carrying these target-site mutations. Haplotypes possessing different copy numbers and target-site mutations of the canonical ace gene may be under selection across H. destructor populations. We also detected some evidence that increases in copy number of radiated ace-like genes are associated with organophosphate insensitivity, which might suggest potential roles in sequestration or breakdown of organophosphates.Conclusion
Different combinations of target-site mutations and (or) copy number variation in the canonical ace and ace-like genes may provide non-convergent ways for H. destructor to respond to organophosphate selection. However, these changes may only play a partial role in organophosphate insensitivity, which appears to have a polygenic architecture. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献15.
Umina PA Weeks AR Roberts J Jenkins S Mangano GP Lord A Micic S 《Pest management science》2012,68(6):889-896
BACKGROUND: The redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor Tucker, is an important pest of broad‐acre farming systems in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. In 2006, high levels of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids were discovered in this species in Western Australia. RESULTS: Between 2007 and 2010, the authors monitored resistance in field populations and found it had spread considerably within the state of Western Australia. Twenty‐six paddocks from 15 individual properties were identified with resistance, and these paddocks ranged over 480 km. To date, resistance has not been detected in any other Australian state. Resistance in H. destructor appears to be found across the entire pyrethroid group, but not to other chemical classes such as organophosphates and carbamates, or other chemistries with novel modes of action. CONCLUSION: The high levels of resistance occurring in Western Australia have caused considerable economic losses due to ineffective chemical applications and mortality of crop plants at seedling establishment. These findings highlight the need for a comprehensive resistance surveillance programme to be developed for H. destructor within Australia. Growers need to consider non‐chemical approaches for pest control and should be encouraged to implement pesticide resistance management programmes for H. destructor. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
16.
Kio N. Don-Pedro 《Pest management science》1990,30(3):295-302
The insecticidal activity of lauric, oleic and linoleic acids against Callosobruchus maculatus on cowpea was investigated in laboratory bioassays. In pre-oviposition grain treatments, it was found that, at dosages between 1.96 and 11.59 kg-lauric acid had no effect on progeny development, while the oily oleic and linoleic acids were active in reducing progeny development. The active fatty acids had no effect on oviposition (in no-choice experiments) or on mortality of adults or larvae that successfully penetrated treated cowpea seeds, and their insecticidal activity, like that of fixed vegetable oils, depended mainly on ovicidal action. When applied to cowpeas in a pure state, oleic acid had an LC50 value of 1.64mlkg?1, which made it approximately 3 and 8 times more toxic against eggs of C. maculatus than groundnut oil and linoleic acid respectively. When the ovicidal activities of the three fatty acids were tested by dipping egg-infested seeds in acetone- based solutions, they were all found to be similarly toxic, lauric, oleic and linoleic acids having LC50, values of 40, 38 and 26 ml litre?1 respectively (with overlapping 95% C.L.). These values made them 2-4 times more toxic than acetone-based solutions of groundnut and traditional coconut oils. The possibility of employing fatty acids in large-scale and traditional small-scale food storage systems is discussed. 相似文献
17.
The toxicity of two juvenile hormone analogues, pyriproxyfen (Nemesis®) and fenoxycarb (Insegar®), and two contact insecticides, methomyl (Lannate) and methidathion (Ultracide), was evaluated against immature stages (LI, LII, LIII) of Ceroplastes destructor Newstead in the field. The effects of these chemicals and one moulting inhibitor, triflumuron (Alsystin®), and three insecticides: methyl-parathion (Penncap-M), profenofos (Selecron) and prothiofos (Tokuthion), on Aprostocetus (= Tetrastichus) ceroplastae (Girault) were assessed in the laboratory. Development of the first and second instar nymphs of C. destructor was completely arrested by the chemicals. Less than 1% of scales sprayed with pyriproxyfen at LII stage survived to adult female. Survival to the adult stage varied significantly between chemical treatments, and between chemicals and untreated controls for scales sprayed at the LIII stage. Female fecundity, fertility and body sizes of survivors of treatments applied at the LIII stage were not significantly affected by any of the chemicals. All the chemicals exhibited high toxicity to A. ceroplastae. Only triflumuron was slightly harmful, while methomyl was the most toxic (harmful), causing 100% mortality in the first 30 min after treatment. Although all the chemicals evaluated had effectively arrested the first and second instars of C. destructor, none of them exhibited sufficient selectivity to A. ceroplastae to warrant recommendation for integrated management of C. destructor in citrus orchards in South Africa, where A. ceroplastae plays an important role. 相似文献
18.
甘肃定西地区马铃薯线虫病病原的分离鉴定 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为明确甘肃省定西市马铃薯线虫病的病原种群分类地位,采用形态学结合分子生物学的方法对该地区马铃薯上的4个线虫群体进行了鉴定,观察和测量其形态特征值,基于r DNA-ITS序列以UPGMA法构建线虫群体的系统发育树,并按照柯赫氏法则进行了致病性测定。结果表明,4个线虫群体在形态学上与马铃薯腐烂茎线虫Ditylenchus destructor一致,但群体DX27与群体DX11、DX16、DX19雌虫的体长、体长/食道长、体长/尾长值存在极显著差异。利用通用引物TW81/AB28扩增r DNA-ITS序列均获得长度为915 bp的片段;序列比对分析表明,群体DX27与其它3个群体相比在ITS1区的第96~255 bp片段内有25个碱基的差异;系统发育树显示,群体DX27与C型群体聚为1支,群体DX11、DX16、DX19与B型群体聚为1支。根据形态学特征及r DNA-ITS序列分析结果确定该病原线虫为马铃薯腐烂茎线虫,其中群体DX27属于C型,群体DX11、DX16、DX19属于B型。 相似文献
19.
Only two plant parasitic nematode species have practical importance in potato crops in Poland. They are Ditylenchus destructor and Globodera rostochiensis pathotype Ro1. Control of D. destructor is done permanently by the elimination of infested seed potatoes and sowing of cereals in the infested fields. Damage to potatoes is observed rather seldom. G. rostochiensis is widely distributed throughout Poland. It is controlled by non-host crops and by resistant potato cultivars. Chemical control of potato nematodes is not put into practice in Poland. 相似文献
20.
Based on a recently discovered property of chloroacetamide herbicides—the inhibition of the incorporation of oleic acid into sporopollenin of Scenedesmus acutus—a rapid quantitative test was developed for chloroacetamide-type herbicidal activity. In this test, algal cells are incubated for 3 h with [14C]oleic acid, saponified and the lipids (including non-saponifiable ones) extracted and discarded. The radioactivity incorporated into the residual non-lipid fraction is determined, and inhibition of this incorporation is used as a marker of chloroacetamide-type activity. Twenty-two agrochemical compounds were screened in this assay, which was found to be very sensitive, a 50% inhibition being reached with submicromolar herbicide concentrations. It is specific to chloroacetamides and related amides, since all these herbicides tested were potent inhibitors, while other herbicides were not. Highest inhibition was shown by cafenstrole followed by butachlor, fluthiamid, metazachlor, alachlor, dimethenamid, metolachlor and mefenacet. For these herbicides (with the exception of butachlor) sensitivity in the test was positively correlated (r=0·984) with their phytotoxic effect on the alga. © 1998 SCI 相似文献