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1.
长白山森林土壤有机碳及其在团聚体密度组分中的分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
森林土壤碳库的稳定性对全球碳循环至关重要。为探究土壤有机碳的周转和固定机制,本文利用干筛法分析了长白山原始红松针阔混交林和杨桦次生林表层土壤有机碳于不同径级团聚体中的分布,并结合密度分组方法进一步探究团聚体有机碳的密度分组情况。结果表明:土壤有机碳在团聚体中的分配比例由高到低依次为1~0.25、2、1~2、0.25 mm;原始红松林土壤重组有机碳(HF-C)比例达到77.0%,显著高于杨桦次生林,前者土壤有机碳更稳定。与游离态有机碳(FLF-C)和闭蓄态有机碳(OLF-C)相比,HF-C在不同粒级团聚体中分配相对稳定,说明其在稳定性土壤有机碳固持中起着主导作用;大团聚体中,FLF-C约占67.4%,表明新鲜有机质直接参与大团聚体形成。 相似文献
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《林业科学》2016,(6)
【目的】对原生林及其皆伐后自然演替形成的次生林和造林形成的人工林的细根生物量及土壤特性进行研究,分析不同更新方式对细根动态分布的影响、了解细根与土壤特性之间的互动效应,为阐明森林生态系统中碳和养分循环以及为该地区森林恢复和森林经营提供理论依据。【方法】以小兴安岭南坡典型阔叶红松林、皆伐后天然更新的白桦次生林、皆伐后栽植的红松人工林和兴安落叶松人工林为研究对象,于2013年5—9月用连续钻取土芯法采集细根(直径≤2 mm)和土壤,测定细根生物量的垂直分布与季节动态,分析生物量与土壤特性的相关性。【结果】典型阔叶红松林、红松人工林细根生物量均显著高于白桦次生林和兴安落叶松人工林(P0.05);各森林类型细根生物量的垂直分布存在显著差异(P0.05),细根主要集中在0～20 cm土层中,其中白桦次生林0～20 cm土层中细根生物量占其细根总生物量的比例最高(75.81%),典型阔叶红松林最低(62.73%);各森林类型细根生物量存在季节性波动,各森林类型活、死细根生物量均有2个峰值;4种森林类型的细根生物量与土壤温度的相关性不显著,除典型阔叶红松林外,其他3种森林类型的细根生物量与土壤含水率极显著正相关(P0.01),4种森林类型的细根生物量与土壤水解氮含量极显著正相关(P0.01),白桦次生林的细根生物量与土壤有效磷含量显著负相关(P0.05)。【结论】本地区的顶极群落——典型阔叶红松林和以典型阔叶红松林的建群种为主要组成树种的红松人工林细根生物量显著高于以先锋树种白桦和兴安落叶松为主要组成树种的白桦次生林和兴安落叶松人工林;细根生物量在土壤中的分布具有明显的不均匀性,主要集中在养分含量较高的土壤表层,处于演替顶极阶段的森林较处于演替早期的森林采取更精细的获取资源的策略,土壤下层细根占细根总生物量比例较高;细根生物量的季节变化与物候节律一致,细根生物量的高峰期出现在春末和初秋。 相似文献
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《林业建设》2018,(6)
通过野外森林群落调查和土壤采集室内分析方法,测定了亚热带戴云山山脉中部小戴云海拔1000-1300 m处5种类型森林群落生物量和土壤养分含量,并探讨了两者的相关性。结果表明:罗浮栲阔叶天然林(LF)、甜槠阔叶次生林(TZ)、青冈次生阔叶次生林(QG)、杉木人工林(SM)和马尾松人工林(PM)植被生物量分别为330.69 t/hm2、265.12 t/hm2、252.44 t/hm2、208.98 t/hm2和199.69 t/hm2,LF、TZ、QG的枝、叶、干和细根生物量显著高于SM和PM;LF土壤有机质和土壤总氮含量均显著高于其他四个林分;土壤总磷含量的以TZ最低;水解氮是以QG最高,显著高于其他四个林分;有效磷含量PM和LF最高;微生物碳MBC以LF和SM最高,QG和TZ最低;土壤有机质和土壤总氮含量与植被地上生物量、粗根生物量、细根生物量和总生物量存在显著性正相关关系,土壤氮磷有效性养分和微生物碳与森林植被各器官生物量关系不显著。相比于杉木和马尾松人工林,阔叶次生林具有较高的植被生物量。 相似文献
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《林业与环境科学》2010,(5)
通过对广东省蕉岭长潭省级自然保护区针阔混交林、马尾松林、杉木林、毛竹林、阔叶混交林等5种不同森林类型土壤理化性质状况的比较,研究了不同森林类型对土壤肥力状况的影响。结果表明:(1)广东省蕉岭长潭省级自然保护区表层表土呈酸性,石砾含量、土壤容重、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度分别为4.0%、1.11 g/cm3、58.01%、37.73%和20.28%;自然含水量、最大持水量、最小持水量分别为296.02,442.95,321.38 g/kg;土壤阳离子交换量为5.99~8.20 cmol(+)/kg,电导率为57.87~97.44,全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾分别为1.88 g/kg、105.20 mg/kg、0.19 g/kg、2.22 mg/kg和130.53 mg/kg。(2)土壤孔隙度、土壤自然含水量、最小持水量、阳离子交换量、电导率、全磷、速效磷在不同林分类型间差异不显著,但土壤容重、石砾含量、最大持水量、土壤pH值、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾在不同林分类型间差异显著。马尾松林的石砾含量与针阔混交林、毛竹林、阔叶混交林有显著差异(p=0.003,p=0.009,p=0.01),全氮与针阔混交林差异显著(p=0.025),碱解氮与针阔混交林差异显著(p=0.028),速效钾与阔叶混交林差异显著(p=0.012);毛竹林pH值和杉木林、针阔混交林和阔叶混交林差异显著(p=0.026,p=0.030,p=0.035)。(3)从土壤理化性状来看,阔叶混交林、毛竹林的土壤质量和肥力要比马尾松林和杉木林好。 相似文献
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通过对广东省蕉岭长潭省级自然保护区针阔混交林、马尾松林、杉木林、毛竹林、阔叶混交林等5种不同森林类型土壤理化性质状况的比较,研究了不同森林类型对土壤肥力状况的影响。结果表明：（1）广东省蕉岭长潭省级自然保护区表层表土呈酸性,石砾含量、土壤容重、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度分别为4.0%、1.11 g/cm3、58.01%、37.73%和20.28%;自然含水量、最大持水量、最小持水量分别为296.02,442.95,321.38 g/kg;土壤阳离子交换量为5.99-8.20 cmol（＋）/kg,电导率为57.87-97.44,全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾分别为1.88 g/kg、105.20 mg/kg、0.19 g/kg、2.22 mg/kg和130.53 mg/kg。（2）土壤孔隙度、土壤自然含水量、最小持水量、阳离子交换量、电导率、全磷、速效磷在不同林分类型间差异不显著,但土壤容重、石砾含量、最大持水量、土壤pH值、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾在不同林分类型间差异显著。马尾松林的石砾含量与针阔混交林、毛竹林、阔叶混交林有显著差异（p=0.003,p=0.009,p=0.01）,全氮与针阔混交林差异显著（p=0.025）,碱解氮与针阔混交林差异显著（p=0.028）,速效钾与阔叶混交林差异显著（p=0.012）;毛竹林pH值和杉木林、针阔混交林和阔叶混交林差异显著（p=0.026,p=0.030,p=0.035）。（3）从土壤理化性状来看,阔叶混交林、毛竹林的土壤质量和肥力要比马尾松林和杉木林好。 相似文献
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《林业科学研究》2021,34(3)
[目的]模拟N沉降下凋落物分解及土壤微生物特征,为研究森林生态系统碳、氮循环对氮沉降的响应机制提供依据。[方法]以滇中亚高山常绿阔叶林、华山松(Pinus armandii)林、高山栎(Quercus semicarpifolia)林和云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)林凋落物为研究对象,采用凋落物袋法,于2018年2月至2019年1月,通过模拟N沉降和原位分解实验,研究不同模拟N沉降下(CK, 0;LN, 5;MN, 15;HN, 30 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1))凋落物碳氮、土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物量氮(MBN)及土壤微生物数量变化特征。[结果]分解1年后,不同N沉降处理下,常绿阔叶林和高山栎林凋落物C含量均显著增加(0.40%～8.16%),华山松林和云南松林凋落物C含量呈LN减少(2.67%),HN增加(4.09%);各林分凋落物N含量均显著增加(1.45%～69.01%),C/N则显著降低(0.34%～37.92%);相同N沉降下土壤微生物量随土层的加深而减小,N沉降对土层垂直分布格局影响不显著;N沉降对常绿阔叶林和高山栎林土壤MBC和MBN的影响表现为抑制,对华山松林和云南松林表现为低N促进,高N抑制;4种林分土壤MBC/MBN介于5.31～11.26之间,N沉降对不同林分不同土层的MBC/MBN影响存在差异,但均受到高N的抑制作用。[结论]滇中亚高山4种典型森林凋落物分解主要受森林类型影响,N沉降次之;土壤微生物量和数量主要受森林类型影响,土壤深度次之,N沉降最小。 相似文献
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蕉岭长潭省级自然保护区表土有机碳研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
基于UTM公里网格方法划分的66个网格的土壤剖面数据,分析了蕉岭长潭自然保护区5种典型植被类型(马尾松林、杉木林、针阔混交林、阔叶混交林和竹林)的表层土壤(0~20 cm)有机碳含量、密度、储量的分布特征与影响因子。结果表明:(1)表土有机碳含量SOC分布在12.61~66.19 g.kg-1之间,平均值为30.87±1.30 g.kg-1,大小顺序为竹林>阔叶混交林>针阔混交林>杉木林>马尾松林,多重比较显示竹林(37.63 g.kg-1)显著高于马尾松林(18.52 g.kg-1),马尾松林仅为竹林的49.21%。(2)表土有机碳密度SOCD在3.27~15.69 kg.m-2间,平均值为8.22±0.39 kg.m-2,大小排序为阔叶混交林>竹林>针阔混交林>杉木林>马尾松林,阔叶混交林(10.15 kg.m-2)和竹林(9.96 kg.m-2)的SOCD值显著高于马尾松林(4.82 kg.m-2)(p=0.005,p=0.036),马尾松林仅是阔叶混交林的47.49%。(3)蕉岭长潭保护区表土层有机碳储量为402 100 t,占总面积54.54%的针阔混交林贡献最大,其次为阔叶混交林、杉木林、竹林和马... 相似文献
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土壤温度和水分对长白山3种温带森林土壤呼吸的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了研究土壤温度和土壤含水量对阔叶红松林(山地暗棕壤)、云冷杉暗针叶林(山地棕针叶林土壤)和岳桦林(生草森林土)的土壤呼吸的影响,于2001年9月在长白山进行了土壤实验。利用增加土壤样柱的含水量,将土壤含水量分为9%,、21%、30%、37%和43%5个等级,土壤样品分别在0、5、15、25和35 的温度下保持24小时。阔叶红松林土壤在0~35 范围内,土壤呼吸速率与温度呈正相关。在一定的含水量范围内(21%~37%),土壤呼吸随含水量的增加而升高,当含水量超出该范围,土壤呼吸速率则随含水量的变化而降低。土壤温度和水分对土壤呼吸作用存在明显的交互作用。不同森林类型土壤呼吸作用强弱存在显著差异,大小顺序为阔叶红松林>岳桦林>云冷杉暗针叶林.红松阔叶林土壤呼吸作用的最佳条件是土壤温度35 ,含水量37%;云冷杉暗针叶林下的山地棕色针叶土壤呼吸作用的最佳条件是25 ,21%;岳桦林土壤呼吸作用的最佳条件是35 ,含水量37%。但是,由于长白山阔叶红松林,云冷杉林和岳桦林处在不同的海拔带上,同期不同森林类型土壤温度各不相同,相差4~5 ,所以野外所测的同期的山地棕色针叶林土呼吸速率应低于暗棕色森林土呼吸速率,山地生草森林土呼吸速率应高于山地棕色针叶林土的呼吸速率。图2表1参25。 相似文献
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影响土壤N_2O排放和CH_4吸收的主控因素的研究(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文于2000年7月,在实验室模拟条件下,以长白山阔叶红松林鲜土壤为对象,采用正交试验设计法对土壤进行培养实验,研究了影响土壤N2O排放和CH4吸收的主要因素。考察了温度、水分、pH值、NH4+及NO3-五因素对森林土壤N2O排放和CH4吸收的影响。实验结果显示:在本试验设计的因素、水平条件下,N2O排放速率、CH4吸收速率二者均与土壤pH值和温度这两个因素呈显著正相关。并且N2O排放速率与CH4吸收速率间呈显著线性正相关关。 相似文献
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Based on a vast of field investigation on stamps inTilia broad-leaved Korean pine forest on northern slope of Changbai Mountain, age structure of some major species were studied
in this paper. The results showed that Korean pine population was composed of grouped patches with different ages. There were
not strict intervals among the dominated generations, and the curve of age structure often had two or more peaks. The distribution
of broad-leaved species in natural Korean pine forest was grouped or scattered, and age distribution was also uneven-aged.
There existed close relation between quality of broad-leaved species and Korean pine. So, it shaped multi-storied and uneven-aged
mixed forest. The model of age structure and growth demonstrated their passive correlation, but growth became slow when woods
had reached old age.
The study was funded by the Opened Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
(Reponsible Editor: Chai Rulhai) 相似文献
14.
The soil CO2 evolution rate was measured in a virgin Korean pine forest. The results in June showed that the lowest value of evolution
rate was 220 mg/(m2·h) and appeared at 6:00 a.m. The highest value was 460 mg/(m2·h) at 18:00. The rates of CO2 evolution were related with soil temperature. On the basis of the constructed regression equation and the monthly average
values of temperature, the magnitude of CO2 evolution from Korean pine forest soil was 10.4 t/hm2 during a growing season.
This project was funded by the Opened Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Responsible editor: Zhu Hong 相似文献
15.
Shengdong Liu Shirui Dong Ruitong Liu Qingfan Meng Yan Li Hongrui Zhao Yinghua Jin 《林业研究》2022,33(1):333-342
Carabid beetles,predatory insects,are abundant in forests and sensitive to environmental changes.The dis-tribution patterns and diversity of carabid beetles in several natural forests were studied to provide a basis for evaluating the importance of a forest in the protection of carabid beetle diversity.Carabids were captured by pitfall traps during their seasonal activity from 2012 to 2013 in a poplar-birch forest,ash-walnut forest and broad-leaved Korean pine forest.A total of 5252 individuals,representing 21 species,were col-lected.Carabid abundance was highest in the broad-leaved Korean pine forest and lowest in the ash-walnut forest.Carabus billbergi Mannerheim and Pterostichus pertinax(Tschitscherine) were the dominant beetle species in each stand.Carabus canaliculatus Adams was dominant in the poplar-birch and ash-walnut forests,and Leistus niger Gebler was dominant in the ash-walnut forest.The carabids were affected differently by stand factors.C.billbergi and P.per-tinax was positively correlated with mean DBH.C.cana-liculatus and L.niger were not positively correlated with any stand factors.The broad-leaved Korean pine forest with greater age,large DBH and thick leaf litter fostered a high diversity of carabid species.The main yearly activity period for most carabids was during July.Different carabid species responded differently to seasonality,and the activity period of several species was relatively late (August) in the year. 相似文献
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Using the closed chamber technique, thein situ measurements of N2O and CH4 fluxes was conducted in a broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest ecosystem in Changbai Mountain, China, from June 1994 to
October 1995. The relationships between fluxes (N2O and CH4) and some major environmental factors (temperature, soil water content and soil available nitrogen) were studied. A significant
positive correlation between N2O emission and air/soil temperature was observed, but no significant correlation was found between N2O emission and soil water content (SWC). This result showed that temperature was an important controlling factor of N2O flux. There was a significant correlation between CH4 uptake and SWC, but no significant correlation was found between CH4 uptake and temperature. This suggested SWC was an important factor controlling CH4 uptake. The very significant negative correlation between logarithmic N2O flux and soil nitrate concentration, significant negative correlation between CH4 flux and soil ammonium content were also found.
This project is supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences
Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai 相似文献
17.
[目的]通过实地采样对黑碳进行量化研究。[方法]利用相对密度分组方法探讨了长白山典型森林土壤黑碳含量及在不同有机碳组分中的分布特征。[结果]表明:黑碳(BC)含量在表层(A11)、亚表层(A12)分别为6.39~16.55 g·kg-1、1.44~6.16 g·kg-1,随土壤深度的增加而显著下降(p﹤0.01)。在A11、A12层中,轻组有机碳(LFOC)平均含量分别为66.66 g·kg-1、6.65 g·kg-1,轻组黑碳(LFBC)平均含量分别为5.63 g·kg-1、1.21 g·kg-1,同时,LFBC/LFOC在A12层(10.02%~34.89%)显著高于A11层(6.99%~14.45%)(p﹤0.01);A11、A12层重组有机碳(HFOC)平均含量分别为49.16 g·kg-1、36.55 g·kg-1,重组黑碳(HFBC)平均含量分别为2.69 g·kg-1、1.44 g·kg-1,HFBC/HFOC在A11层(3.36%~8.08%)和A12层(3.21%~7.58%)之间没有显著差异(p>0.05)。另外,土壤中LFBC/LFOC显著高于HFBC/HFOC(p﹤0.01),LFBC/BC显著高于HFBC/BC(p﹤0.01)。[结论]长白山典型森林土壤中黑碳的含量、比例均较高;土壤表层(A11)有机碳、黑碳含量及各组分有机碳、黑碳含量均高于亚表层(A12),均随着土层加深而显著降低;轻组、重组有机碳中均含有一定比例的黑碳,黑碳主要分布在轻组分中;轻组、重组有机碳与组分中黑碳均显著相关,轻组中相关系数大于重组。 相似文献
18.
[Objective]To study the leaf calorific value of different forest types.[Method]This study focused on four common forest types widely distributed across China, including boreal coniferous forest, warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest, subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, and tropical monsoon forest. The leaf calorific values of 175 dominant (or common) tree species were measured. The leaf calorific value characteristics of the trees found in the different forest types were analyzed, and the primary factors affecting leaf calorific value were investigated, including leaf morphological traits, nutrient elements, climate, and soil traits. [Result]The results showed that in these forest types, the leaf calorific values ranged from 14.84 to 21.98 KJ·g-1, with an overall mean of 19.06 KJ·g-1. The presence of organisms appeared to affect the leaf calorific value, which differed among forest types as follows: coniferous trees > broadleaf trees or evergreen trees > deciduous trees. [Conclusion]The latitudinal pattern of tree leaf calorific value, ordered from north to south, is as follows: warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest > subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest > tropical mountain rainforest. The mean leaf calorific value of boreal coniferous forest was slightly lower than those of warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. The leaf calorific values were significantly correlated with leaf carbon content (R2= 0.89, P<0.001). A multiple regression equation was established to describe the relationships among leaf calorific value, leaf carbon content, leaf nitrogen content, and leaf thickness. 相似文献
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随着大气CO2浓度的升高,主要由其引起的温室效应与对生物新陈代谢的影响变得越来越显著。森林生态系统在全球碳循环中扮演着重要的角色。为了评估和理解森林土壤CO2通量及其随空气和土壤温度的季节和昼夜变化规律,我们在长白山北坡典型阔叶红松林内利用静态箱技术进行了原位观测。实验在整个生长季(6月初至9月末)昼夜进行,利用气相色谱进行气体分析。结果表明: 长白山阔叶红松林土壤是大气二氧化碳源,其CO2通量具有明显的季节和昼夜变化规律。通量的变化范围是(0.30-2.42)μmol穖-2穝-1,平均值为0.98μmol穖-2穝-1。土壤CO2排放的季节规律表明,土壤CO2通量的变化与气温和土壤温度的变化有关。CO2平均通量的最大值出现在7月((1.27±23%)μmol穖-2穝-1),最小值出现在9月((0.5±28%)μmol穖-2穝-1)。土壤CO2的昼夜波动与土壤温度变化有关,而在时间上滞后于温度的变化。森林下垫面土壤CO2通量与土壤温度显著相关,与6cm深度土层温度相关系数最大。基于气温和土壤温度计算的Q10值范围为2.09-3.40。图2表3参37。 相似文献
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IntroductionAgestructureoftrees,whichreflcctsrcge11eratio11processandvelocity,meansquantityoftreesdividingbyage.Broad-leavedKoreanpineforestwastl1etypicalzol1alvegetationofChangbaiMountaininNortheastO1ina,anditwastheprimarygymnospermconununitysurvivedaftertheQuatemaryGlacierPeriod.Alotofcommunityinf`)r-mationaccumulatCdinthestr-uctllreofforeststandsa11dgrowingprocessofindividualtrees.So,athoroughstUdyonagestructureanditsdistributiol1ofbroad-leavedKore-anpine.forestwouldprovidetl1eoretical… 相似文献