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1.
新烟碱类杀虫剂在苹果果实不同部位中的残留 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫胺和呋虫胺6种新烟碱类杀虫剂在苹果果实不同部位中的迁移转化规律,以10年生红富士苹果树为试材,分别于蚜虫发生期 (7月10日) 和果实采收前1 d (9月25日) 通过整株喷雾施药,随机取样,采用高效液相色谱仪测定,外标法定量,分析各杀虫剂在生长期套袋果实和不套袋果实及储藏期果实不同部位中的残留量及迁移规律。结果表明:在果实套袋情况下,施药后72 h内果实不同部位各新烟碱类杀虫剂的含量均呈现先逐渐上升而后下降的趋势,且在果皮中的残留量最低 (均低于0.08 mg/kg),其中烯啶虫胺和吡虫啉在果皮中的残留量低于最低检测浓度,而在果柄和果肉中的残留量明显高于果皮中的,表明套袋果实中药剂主要来源于枝叶运输,经果柄进入果实后易向果肉累积;在果实未套袋情况下,施药后72 h 6种杀虫剂在果肉中的含量均高于套袋果实果肉中的,分别是套袋果实果肉中含量的7.75、3.52、3.36、6.57、2.92和3.06倍,表明套袋可有效降低果实中该类药剂的残留量。储藏试验结果表明:直接向果面喷施6种新烟碱类杀虫剂后,药剂主要存在于果皮中,施药后14和21 d在果肉中的含量均低于最低检测浓度,表明储藏期果皮为该类药剂的主要残留部位,且不易向果肉中转移。 相似文献
2.
毒死蜱在杨梅果实中的残留及消解动态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明毒死蜱在杨梅果实中的残留消解动态和最终残留量,于2013-2015年在浙江省临海市进行了毒死蜱在杨梅果实中的残留消解动态和最终残留量试验。结果表明:于杨梅春梢（幼果）生长期,在树冠均匀喷施48%毒死蜱乳油800倍液1次的施药条件下,毒死蜱在‘东魁’和‘临海早大梅’2个品种果实中的消解动态基本一致,均符合一级动力学方程,半衰期为4.60~5.78 d,降解速度较快。综合3年试验结果,施药后23 d,毒死蜱在杨梅果实中的残留量为0.26~0.45 mg/kg,低于中国（苹果、梨、荔枝和龙眼）及日本（其他浆果）最大残留限量标准（MRL,1 mg/kg）;施药后34 d,毒死蜱在杨梅果实中的残留量为0.074~0.28 mg/kg,低于香港草莓中MRL值（0.3 mg/kg）;但施药后44 d,毒死蜱在果实中的残留量为0.073~0.13 mg/kg,仍高于欧盟蓝莓及桑椹中毒死蜱的MRL值（0.05 mg/kg）。膳食风险评估结果表明,施药后23、27、34和44 d采收的杨梅果实中毒死蜱对2~6岁、7~14岁、18~30岁和60~70岁4类人群的膳食摄入风险商值及急性膳食风险均较低,处于安全水平。 相似文献
3.
毒死蜱在梨和土壤中的残留研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
毒死蜱在梨果上的残留动态和最终残留试验,用带有火焰光度检测器的气相色谱测定其残留量。其最小检出量为0.1ng,在梨和土壤中的最低检测浓度均为0.05mg/kg。在梨和土壤中的平均回收率为85%～98%,变异系数为0.88%～3.23%,符合农药残留分析的要求。研究结果表明,毒死蜱在梨上的半衰期为5.2d,在土壤中的半衰期为5.6d。毒死蜱按推荐剂量250a.i.mg/L和推荐剂量的2倍500a.i.mg/L使用2、3次,末次施药距收获间隔7～28d,毒死蜱在梨中的残留量为0.05～0.347mg/kg,土壤中为0.05～0.102mg/kg,残留量低于我国规定的毒死蜱在梨中的MRL值1mg/kg,欧盟、日本规定毒死蜱在梨上的最高残留限量0.5mg/kg,美国规定毒死蜱在梨上的最高残留限量0.05mg/kg。建议毒死蜱在梨上按推荐施用剂量250a.i.mg/L,施药2～3次,安全间隔期为7d。 相似文献
4.
5.
40%毒死蜱乳油在桑园使用后对家蚕的影响评估 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用食下毒叶法测定及气相色谱分析,研究了40%毒死蜱乳油对家蚕的急性毒性、桑园使用后在桑叶中的残留消解动态及桑叶中残留农药对家蚕的急性毒性和亚致死效应。结果表明:按有效成分计,40%毒死蜱乳油对家蚕的急性毒性LC50值为0.82 mg／kg(桑叶),对家蚕为高毒;以推荐剂量(1 500倍稀释液)和1.5倍剂量(1 000倍稀释液)在桑园使用后,1.5倍剂量下40%毒死 蜱乳油在桑叶中的降解半衰期为1.82~3.88 d,第22 d时其在桑叶中的残留量为0.01~0.28 mg／kg; 推荐剂量下第18 d时的最终残留量为低于LOD~0.20 mg／kg。当桑叶染毒剂量为0.56 mg／kg时,对家蚕不会产生急性毒性危害,桑叶染毒剂量小于0.20 mg／kg时,与空白对照相比,处理组家蚕眠蚕体重、死笼率、全茧重、茧层率不存在明显差异。为防止施用毒死蜱乳油对家蚕产生危害,建议该农药在桑园中使用次数为1次、 喷雾使用1 500倍稀释液时,安全间隔期至少应为18 d。 相似文献
6.
48%毒死蜱乳油在杭白菊和土壤中的消解动态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过田间植株直接施药-定期采样-样品提取净化-气相色谱分析的方法,研究了48%毒死蜱乳油中毒死蜱在杭白菊胎菊和土壤中的消解动态,并在室内探讨了不同温度对干胎菊中毒死蜱消解的影响。结果表明:在有效成分0.48和0.72 kg/hm22个施药剂量下,毒死蜱在杭白菊土壤和鲜胎菊中的消解半衰期分别为9.24~10.82 d和2.94~4.22 d;不同温度下,干胎菊中毒死蜱的半衰期在12.64~27.39 d之间,存在显著性差异(P0.05),其消解速率随温度升高而加快;在杭白菊上分别以有效成分0.48 kg/hm2(推荐高剂量)和0.72 kg/hm2(1.5倍推荐高剂量)的剂量喷雾施药2次,距末次施药后21 d时,毒死蜱在干胎菊中的残留量分别为0.58和0.89 mg/kg,均低于我国制定的毒死蜱在茶叶中的最大残留限量(MRL)标准(1 mg/kg)。 相似文献
7.
采用田间试验研究了戊唑醇、氟环唑、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑等4种常用三唑类杀菌剂在香蕉上的残留行为, 并比较了戊唑醇在套袋与不套袋情况下的最终残留量。研究结果表明：香蕉上戊唑醇、氟环唑、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑的降解半衰期分别为10.8~14.1、8.1~9.5、7.9~12.9、9.4~15.6 d。在试验剂量条件下, 末次施药后42 d时, 戊唑醇(不套袋)、戊唑醇(套袋)、氟环唑、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑在蕉肉中的残留量分别为：0.01~0.04、<0.01、0.01~0.08、≤0.01 mg/kg和0.02~0.07 mg/kg; 在全蕉上的残留量分别为0.05~0.47、<0.01、0.10~0.36、0.03~0.19 mg/kg 和0.05~0.32 mg/kg。香蕉果肉占全果的比例约为55%~75 %, 全果的残留量约为果肉2~19倍, 表明香蕉中戊唑醇、氟环唑、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑主要残存在果皮上。戊唑醇防治香蕉叶斑病, 在套袋情况下可以显著地减少其在收获期香蕉上的残留。 相似文献
8.
通过两年田间试验并结合气相色谱-电子捕获检测(GC-ECD)技术,研究比较了苹果套袋 和不套袋2种不同栽培方式下苯醚甲环唑在苹果中的残留及消解动态。结果表明:2011和2012年, 苯醚甲环唑在未套袋苹果中的原始沉积量分别为0.44和0.17 mg/kg,消解半衰期分别为12.8和15.5 d;2012年其在套袋苹果中的原始沉积量为0.056 mg/kg,半衰期为31.9 d。两年的试验表明,于苹果收获前35~42 d,按照10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂的推荐剂量和1.5倍推荐剂量(有效成分分别为66.7和100 mg/L)施药2次和3次, 距末次施药后7 d采收,套袋和不套袋果实中苯醚甲环唑的残留量均低于我国最大残留限量(MRL)值0.5 mg/kg,其中套袋处理均低于0.03 mg/kg,表明苯醚甲环唑按照推荐剂量及次数施用是安全的;在套袋方式下,苯醚甲环唑残留量明显降低。 相似文献
9.
每公顷桃园施用氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂了硫克百威（carbosulfan）乳油2kg（有效成分）进行其消解动态研究，结果表明：丁硫克百威的降解主要发生在两个连续的阶段（0～28天和28～57天），半衰期分别为7．4天和17．5天；施药后57天的残留量低于0．2ma／kg；果实成熟采收期前30、21、14天进行两种用药量（商品量1:0和2.0g／L）和两种喷洒量（750和1500L／ha）施药处理，测定其残留量介于0．122mg／ks（采收前30天）和0．4mg／kg（采收前14天）之间；整个试验中，丁硫克百威的主要代谢物克百威（carbofuran）的含量低于其检测极限值0.004mg／kg． 相似文献
10.
丁醚脲在柑橘及其土壤中的残留及消解动态 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
建立了丁醚脲在柑橘及橘园土壤中残留测定的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）检测方法,研究了其在柑橘和土壤中的消解动态及最终残留。样品采用乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）净化,UPLC-MS/MS 检测。结果表明:在0.01、0.1和1 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,丁醚脲在柑橘全果、果肉和果皮中的回收率在84% ~89%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.6% ~7.2%,在土壤中的回收率为83% ~86%,RSD为2.2% ~5.6%;在广东、广西和福建3地柑橘及土壤中,其消解半衰期分别为3.7 ~4.4 d和4.1~5.4 d,表明丁醚脲消解较快;采用 500 g/L丁醚脲悬浮剂（SC）,分别按有效成分500和750 mg/L 的剂量于幼果期开始施药,施药2~3次,施药间隔期为10 ~14 d,距最后一次施药后21 d采样测定,柑橘果肉中丁醚脲的残留量均<0.01 mg/kg ,全果中的最终残留量均低于我国制定的丁醚脲在柑橘中的最大允许残留限量（MRL）标准（0.2 mg/kg）。 相似文献
11.
The persistence and distribution in leaves and fruits of benomyl, carbendazim and methylthiophanate were investigated, following fungicide spray treatments in pear orchards. Chemical analysis and bioassays showed that basal leaves sprayed more than once with benomyl, contained 50 ppm of methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) 4 days after the last spray. Seven months later. 8 ppm MBC was detected in the basal leaves, just before normal abscission. In apical leaves, the fungicide levels were lower than in the basal ones. Analyses of basal leaves showed that the residue level of MBC, 5 and 7 months after the last treatment with benomyl. carbendazim or methylthiophanate, was very similar in all treatments. Bound MBC was not detected in the leaves and only low concentrations of 2-amino benzimidazole (2-AB) were detected. There was no translocation of these fungicides from treated leaves to new young leaves. Chemical analysis of pear fruits from an orchard sprayed with benomyl revealed that 3 weeks after the last spray treatment, the residue level of MBC was 0.4 ppm. About 85% of the fungicide was found in the peel, and only 15% in the pulp. The more infected fruits consistently contained a lower concentration of MBC than the less infected fruits. 相似文献
12.
Adnan I. Al-Samariee Khloud A. M. Shaker Mabrouk A. Al-Bassomy 《Pest management science》1988,22(3):189-194
The degradation rates and residue levels of diazinon, pirimiphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos in the leaves and fruits of pepper plants grown in commercial greenhouses were studied using g.l.c. Analysis of leaves at intervals following application showed that the initial residue of diazinon was higher than that of the other two insecticides, while its dissipation rate was faster. The dissipation of chlorpyrifos in fruits was faster than diazinon. The maximum residue levels (m.r.l.) of diazinon (0.5 mg kg?;1) and chlorpyrifos (0.1 mg kg?;1) were reached after 13 and 8 days of application respectively. With diazinon and pirimiphos-methyl, sprayed 3 weeks before inflorescence, very low concentrations of both insecticides were found in fruits, although these compounds have no systemic behaviour. Chlorpyrifos residue level of 0-2 mg kg ?;1 in harvested fruits did not drop below m.r.l. after 11 days holding period. 相似文献
13.
浸果处理后苯醚甲环唑在柑橘贮藏过程中残留量的变化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
研究了贮藏期间柑橘中苯醚甲环唑残留量变化与浸果处理药液浓度、贮藏温度和贮藏时间的关系,以及果实不同部位残留水平的差异。柑橘经苯醚甲环唑药液浸泡处理后在常温或低温条件下贮藏,定期取样用丙酮-石油醚(3∶ 1,体积比)提取,气相色谱测定。当添加浓度范围为0.05 ~5.0 mg/kg时,本方法回收率在81.9% ~91.4%之间,相对标准偏差为5.3% ~17.5%,最低检出浓度为0.02 mg/kg。试验结果表明:柑橘中苯醚甲环唑残留水平与药液浓度呈正相关;低温贮藏下柑橘对苯醚甲环唑的吸收低于常温;苯醚甲环唑的残留水平随贮藏时间的延长而下降;橘皮中苯醚甲环唑的残留明显高于橘肉。建议10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂的使用浓度为100 mg/L,其贮藏安全间隔期为21 d。 相似文献
14.
Jiankang Cao Kaifang Zeng Weibo Jiang 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(4):363-370
The Ya Li pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) trees were sprayed three times with 2.5 mM salicylic acid (SA) around 30, 60 and 90 days after full flowering. The fruit
were harvested at commercial maturity (about 120 days after full flowering), inoculated with Penicillium expansum, and incubated at 20 °C, 95–100% RH. The results showed that resistance to the pathogen of the mature pear fruit was remarkably
enhanced by the SA sprays. Disease incidence in the SA-treated fruit was 58.0% or 26.5%, and lesion diameter on SA-treated
fruit was 58.4% or 29.0% lower than that in/on fruit without SA treatment (control) on day 12 or 17 after incubation, respectively.
The SA spray applied to the trees around 30 days after full flowering notably enhanced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in
the young fruit. Meanwhile, activities of defense enzymes, including peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinase
or β-1,3-glucanase in the young fruit from SA-treated trees was 29.5%, 60.0%, 24.4% or 35.7% higher than that in the control
fruit 4 days after the SA spraying. Furthermore, after harvest, activities of PAL, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase were still
significantly higher in the mature pear fruit from the trees sprayed three times with SA than those of the control fruit.
Activities of the antioxidant enzymes including catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in the young fruit were significantly reduced
by SA spraying. However, the activity of another antioxidant enzyme, glutathione reductase in the young fruit was significantly
enhanced by SA spraying. These results suggest that enzymes exerting their functions in different ways may be coordinately
regulated by SA in the pear fruit. Our study indicates that treatment of SA sprays on the trees may provide further protection
against postharvest disease of Ya Li pear fruit in practice and could be used as an alternative and economical approach to reduce application of chemical fungicides. 相似文献
15.
A method to determine imazalil (allyl 1 -(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)-2-imidazol- 1-ylethyl ether) on apples using high performance liquid chromatography is described. After harvest, fruits were immersed in an aqueous suspension (1 g litre-1) and cold stored (0-2°C) at 85-90% r.h. Samples were taken monthly and imazalil was determined in the peel, outer pulp, inner pulp and on whole fruit. Residues were 3.8-4.9 mg imazalil kg-1 and decreased during storage. Most imazalil was found on the peel and amounts in the pulp decreased toward the core. 相似文献