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为探讨棘胸蛙消化系统结构与食性功能的关系,采用解剖学、组织学、组织化学方法对其消化系统进行了宏观及显微结构观察。结果表明:棘胸蛙口咽腔含有纤毛柱状上皮、丰富的单细胞腺体和多细胞舌黏膜腺、颌间腺体,还有味蕾结构。食道具复层纤毛上皮,无味蕾,食道腺极发达。胃上皮黏膜层中有大量胃小凹和杯状细胞,具黏膜肌;胃腺发达,胃腺细胞胞质含嗜酸性颗粒,分泌黏液类型在贲门、胃体、幽门中主要呈Ⅲ-Ⅳ-Ⅲ型变化。十二指肠绒毛细长密集,回肠、直肠逐渐缩短,在黏膜层的固有膜中无小肠腺分布,肠壁较薄,杯状细胞在肠道各段较丰富,呈高—低—高变化。直肠黏膜上皮中含有巨型杯状细胞,固有膜有管状直肠腺散布。泄殖腔为复层立方上皮,具有泄殖腔腺。肝实质中肝小叶界限不明显,肝血窦丰富,肝内有大量色素细胞成团分布。胰脏独立存在,外分泌部胰腺组织发达,胰岛分散在其中。 相似文献
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野生黄鼬消化管组织结构的观察 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过组织学观察,探讨野生黄鼬消化管的组织结构特点.将8只野生黄鼬经乙醚麻醉后处死,解剖取食管、胃、小肠、大肠,制作石蜡切片,观察其组织结构.结果显示野生黄鼬食管的黏膜为复层扁平上皮,食管腺发达,肌层以骨骼肌为主.胃贲门部有发达的皱襞和贲门腺;胃底腺有大量的主细胞和壁细胞;胃大弯部的腺体以壁细胞为主,仅有少量主细胞;胃幽门部有发达的幽门腺和大量壁细胞.十二指肠黏膜层有小肠腺,内有潘氏细胞存在,黏膜下层含有十二指肠腺;空肠可见孤立淋巴小结、弥散淋巴组织及集合淋巴小结.结肠无皱襞和肠绒毛,大肠腺排列紧密,其中杯状细胞特别多;直肠固有膜内有发达的大肠腺.所以野生黄鼬消化管的特点是胃各部胃腺发达,壁细胞特别多. 相似文献
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牛咽部组织结构的显微观察 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(2):5-5
[目的]运用组织学方法对3.5岁龄公牛咽部组织结构进行了观察与分析,以研究牛咽部不同部位显微结构。[方法]使用石蜡切片及HE和PAS染色在光学显微镜下观察牛咽部不同部位组织形态及细胞类型。[结论]牛鼻咽部黏膜层属于假复层柱状纤毛上皮结构,其间有大量的杯状细胞,没有角质层;喉咽部和口咽部属于复层扁平上皮结构,其间没有杯状细胞,有角质层。 相似文献
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双峰驼前胃腺囊区的组织学及腺细胞的超微结构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用组织学、组织化学及电镜技术对双峰驼前胃腺囊区的组织结构和腺细胞的超微结构进行了观察。结果表明：双峰驼前胃3个腺囊区的组织构造基本一致，均由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜组成。每个腺囊区都可分为有腺部和无腺部。有腺部表面衬以单层柱状上皮，固有层较厚，含较多的黏液腺，腺细胞主要为黏液细胞，另有少量的壁细胞和内分泌细胞，这些细胞的超微结构与牛、羊真胃贲门腺中的同类细胞相似。无腺部的构造与非腺囊区类似，表面被覆复层鳞状上皮，表层角化明显；固有层薄、无腺体分布；黏膜肌层薄且不连续。 相似文献
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彩组织学与组织化学方法研究了双峰驼幽门腺区黏膜的微细胞结构作腺体细胞组成。双峰驼幽门腺也为高度蟠曲的分支管状腺，由柱状上皮构成，胞质中有细小的嗜伊红颗粒，主要分泌酸性糖共轭物，在腺体细胞间有分布密度大于贲门腺和胃底腺的亲银细胞（即分泌5-羟色胺的EC细胞）；黏膜肌层进入固有层，使腺体间可看到丰富的平滑肌纤维；覆盖于幽门腺区的高柱状上皮分泌中性糖共轭物和酸性糖共轭物，以前者为主。双峰驼幽门腺区在皱胃中所占面积最小，黏膜皱襞不发达，但其胃沟多而密集并且很深，可达黏膜层的1/2或2/3，常有多条深的胃小凹开口于此，从而增加了幽门腺区的表面积。研究结果显示，双峰驼幽门腺区黏膜的基本结构与其他动物及人的相似。 相似文献
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S H Kotzé N J Van der Merwe G Van Aswegen G A Smith 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1992,59(4):249-252
Although the histology of the intestinal tract of Crocodylus niloticus is touched on in overall studies on reptilian intestinal tract, a more comprehensive light microscopical study on this area is lacking. Specimens for histological examination were taken from the duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum and the rectum. The data obtained revealed that the mucosa is thrown into folds and simple, slightly branched tubular intestinal glands. The mucosal folds diminished in height and eventually disappeared upon reaching the ileorectal junction. The epithelium covering the folds and crypts was of the simple columnar type. Clear marginal cells, goblet cells and argentaffin cells were observed throughout the intestinal tract. No Paneth cells were seen in this study. The lamina propria was rich in lymphocytic infiltrations while the muscularis mucosa consisted mainly of an outer longitudinal layer, the inner circular layer being rudimentary or absent. The submucosa was extremely narrow, and the circular and longitudinal layers of the tunica muscularis contained distinct layers of dense fibrous connective tissue. The histology of the intestinal tract of C. niloticus is shown to be in line with the situation in crocodilians and also exhibits a resemblance to that of carnivorous mammals. 相似文献
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泰山螭霖鱼肠道的显微和超微结构 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用光镜和扫描电镜技术 ,对泰山螭霖鱼 (Varicorhinusmacrolepis)的肠道进行了观察。结果表明 :泰山螭霖鱼无胃 ,食管之后是肠道 ,起始端膨大呈球状。肠道由前肠、中肠和后肠组成 ,肠管直径由前肠到后肠逐渐变小。各段肠壁均分为粘膜、肌层和浆膜 3层。粘膜上皮由柱状细胞和杯状细胞组成 ,肌层分内环行和外纵行 2层。粘膜向肠腔内突出形成许多粘膜褶 ,有的呈指状、杵状 ,有的有分支。由前肠到后肠 ,粘膜褶由高变低 ,数量逐渐减少 ;杯状细胞数目由多变少 ;肌层逐渐变薄。扫描电镜下 ,肠道的粘膜褶大体上呈纵向锯齿状 ,并且粘膜褶上还有次级皱褶。柱状上皮细胞表面多呈圆形 ,前肠、中肠柱状上皮细胞轮廓和界限清楚 ,常呈隆起状 ,而后肠上皮细胞表面较平坦。前肠柱状上皮细胞游离面的微绒毛长而密 ,后肠的短而稀疏。前肠的杯状细胞常常有较大的分泌孔 ,周围有分泌物 ,粘膜表面有粗大的分泌颗粒 ;后肠杯状细胞的分泌孔较小 ,粘膜表面有较多细小分泌颗粒。 相似文献
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Nader Goodarzi Mohsen Akbari Bazm Leila Naseri Morteza Hosseinipour 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(5):444-448
The Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) is habitat in the Middle East countries and feed on pine acorns and other seeds. The present study was carried out to investigate the histological and volumetric features of the oesophagus in Persian squirrels. Five adult male Persian squirrels were included in the study. The cervical, thoracic and abdominal oesophagus of all subjects were processed routinely and sectioned in a serial manner. Then, the total volume of the oesophagus and its different layers were estimated using Cavalieri's principle. Histological assessment revealed a non‐keratinized stratified squamous epithelium lining the mucosa. No glands were seen in the lamina propria and submucosa. Lamina muscularis was present as a distinct layer of smooth muscle cells separating the lamina propria from the tunica submucosa. The tunica muscularis consisted of two distinct layers of striated muscle fibres: inner circular and outer longitudinal that was intermingled with few scattered smooth muscle fibres especially in the abdominal region. The thoracic region contained more amount of the lamina muscularis and tunica muscularis in comparison to the cervical or abdominal regions. The obtained results revealed that the histological structure of the Persian squirrel oesophagus has differences and similarities with other rodents and even with other species of squirrel. These findings would be useful to improve the knowledge in the areas of histological structure of the rodent digestive system. 相似文献
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Diaa Massoud Mohamed Abumandour Hamida Hamdi Kareem Morsy Attalla F. El-kott Amany Attaallah Fatma Mohsen Shalaby 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2023,52(2):318-326
The present work was designed to investigate the microscopic structure of the oesophagus in the southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) using histochemical staining, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and stereological procedures. Four adult males were included in our study. Serial sections of the entire length of the oesophagus were stained with aldehyde fuchsin, alcian blue (pH 2.5), Periodic acid Schiff (PAS), and Masson's trichrome. Then, the total volume of the oesophagus, and the total volume of its different layers, were estimated using Cavalieri's principle. The oesophageal epithelium was a non-keratinized stratified squamous type. Muscularis mucosa was present as a thick layer between lamina propria and submucosa and its thickness was increased toward the stomach. Tunica submucosa was a loose connective tissue containing an oesophageal gland with PAS-positive and AB-positive reactions throughout the submucosa and become denser toward the stomach. The tunica muscularis consisted of two distinct striated muscle layers, and its thickness was decreased toward the stomach. On SEM images, the cervical and thoracic oesophagus showed shallow folding, while the abdominal part had deeper folds. The present findings indicate that the histological properties of the oesophagus in southern white-breasted hedgehogs have slight similarities with rodents and considering its epithelium, submucosal glands and tunica muscularis more resemble with dog oesophagus. The obtained results may be quite helpful to improve the current knowledge of the histophysiology of the hedgehog gastrointestinal tract as a member of eulipotyplan mammals and as a pet for biologists and veterinarians. 相似文献
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Histology and Mucin Histochemistry of The Digestive Tract of Yellow Catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
The histology and characteristics of mucins secreted by epithelial mucous cells of the digestive tract in yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco were investigated using light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The digestive tract was divided into a pharynx, oesophagus, U-shaped stomach (with a cardiac, fundic and pyloric part) and intestine, composed of anterior intestine, middle intestine and posterior intestine, which consisted of a mucosa (epithelial layer), lamina propria-submucosa, muscularis and serosa. A large number of isolated longitudinal striated muscular bundles were present in the lamina propria-submucosa of pharynx. Goblet cells were observed throughout the digestive tract, except in the stomach. In the cardiac and fundic stomach, a plenty of gastric glands were observed, whereas they were absent in the pyloric part. Numerous mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were observed in the columnar epithelial cells of the intestine, especially of the anterior part. The epithelial mucous cells contained neutral or other two mixtures of acid and neutral mucins, the first being the most common. The neutral mucin was the only type of mucins in the stomach, anterior intestine and middle intestine. The results of this study will be helpful for understanding the digestive physiology and diagnosing some gastrointestinal diseases in yellow catfish. 相似文献
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The wall of the digestive tract is composed of the tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. Lamina-submucosa separation or any glands were not observed in tunica mucosa. Goblet cells were determined to constitute a much larger reserve at digestive tract mucosa. Histochemical analysis of the intestine of flower fish (Pseudophoxinus antalyae) showed that gastrointestinal mucous content included sulphate-esters and/or carboxylic [Alcian blue (AB) 0.06+], glycogene and/or oxidable dioles [periodic acid/Schiff+ (PAS+)], neutral or acid-rich (PAS/AB pH 2.5+), sialic acid residues (KOH/PAS) and strong acid sulphated [Aldehyde fuchsin+ (AF+)] glycoproteins (GPs). Except these mucosubstances to lower densities, densely sulphate (AB pH 2.5+), O-sulphate esters (AB pH 1+) strong and weak sulphated (AB 0.3 M+), GPs were also determined. 相似文献
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The histomorphological aspects as well as the histochemical content and distribution of glycoproteins (GPs) in the mucosa of the digestive tract of the anchovy Engraulis anchoita were studied. The buccopharyngeal cavity is lined by a squamous stratified epithelium with mucous superficial cells; the oesophagus shows two zones, cranial with a squamous stratified epithelium with mucous superficial cells and caudal with a columnar secretory epithelium. Finally, the stomach presents both the cranial and pyloric portion lined with a simple columnar epithelium. Tubular branched glands, formed by a single type of glandular cell, located along the stomach, are more numerous in the cranial portion. The GPs were identified with (1) oxidizable vicinal diols; (2) sialic acids and some of their chain variants, C7 or C9; (3) sialic acid residues with O-acyl substitution at C7 or C8; (4) carboxyl groups and (5) sulphate groups. Histochemical tests showed that the buccopharyngeal cavity presented the largest amount of the different types of mucosubstances. Epithelial secretory cells were found in the oesophagus, which synthesized a large quantity of sialosulphoglycoproteins likely to be related to a protective role. The surface epithelium of the stomach synthesizes and secretes acid and neutral GPs, probably related to the movement of fluids and to the absorption of easily digested substrates, respectively. Although great differences exist between different species, in E. anchoita as in other fish species, the wall of the digestive tract is composed of the four layers classically described for vertebrates. The GPs secreted by the epithelial cells are suggested to be important for the protection and inhibition of microorganisms. In addition, they are involved in enzymatic digestion of food, absorptive functions and lubrication of the alimentary tract. 相似文献
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The gastrointestinal tract of the snake has various distinctions from mammals, birds and other reptiles. Five gopher snakes (Pituophis catenifer) were studied in relation to the gross anatomical measurements of visceral organs relative to body length as well as the histology of the oesophagus and the stomach. The oesophagus closely resembles the empty stomach upon gross examination. A small palpable thickening was observed at the junction of the oesophagus with the stomach. In both the oesophagus and the stomach, there were cellular and structural differences observed in the tunica mucosa which can be linked to the feeding habits and natural biology of the snake when compared to those of mammals. Both oesophagus and stomach were lined by simple columnar to pseudostratified columnar epithelium. There were no glands in the wall of the oesophagus. Scattered ciliated triangular cells (brush cells) were present among the columnar epithelial cells in the distal portion of the oesophagus. The stomach can be divided into three portions (proximal, middle and distal). The stomach has a small non-glandular portion with low folds. After this small non-glandular portion, glands started to appear and gradually increase in quantity. The largest quantity of glands appeared in the middle portion of the stomach with more branching folds resulting in a decrease in the lumen diameter. The tunica muscularis increased in thickness at the oesophageal and the pyloric-duodenal junctions. Positive statistical correlations were established in thickness of the tunica muscularis between proximal and distal portions of the oesophagus and the stomach. 相似文献
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Peptides of the gastrointestinal tract play a significant role in the digestive processes and the development of the body; therefore, it is important to have an understanding of location and distribution of gastrin, somatostatin and glucagon immunoreactive (IR) cells in the stomach mucosa of growing birds. For this purpose, 6 embryos and 37 chicks from an ostrich farm in Latvia were used. Tissue samples were collected from the proventriculus – superficial and deep glandular region and from the ventriculus – side wall and pyloric region. The number of cells was determined in 10 mucosal fields of each tissue sample. For statistical analysis, the one‐way anova method was used. Gastrin IR cells regarding the stomach mucosa were found only in the pyloric region. Somatostatin IR cells were most densely located in the pyloric region too, but some cells were also discovered in the mucosa of proventriculus and ventriculus. Glucagon IR cells were found in the epithelium of the deep glands of the proventriculus and only some cells of the superficial glands of the proventriculus, and the ventriculus side wall mucosa. Gastrin and somatostatin IR cells were present in a comparatively large quantity in the ostrich chicks' ventriculus – pyloric region yet not long before hatching. They were located deep in the mucosa of pyloric glands, and their number tended to increase with birds advancing in age. 相似文献