共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 781 毫秒
1.
多种约束流道环境下的软性磨粒流流场特性 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了解决软性磨粒流加工中工件表面特定加工区域材料去除的难题,提出了一种通过改变约束模块结构控制约束流道内流场的方法。基于标准k-ε湍流模型和Mixture两相流模型,建立了面向液-固两相软性磨粒流湍流流型分析的动力学模型。以波浪形和矩形2种约束流道为具体模拟仿真对象,研究软性磨粒流流经2种约束流道过程中压力、速度等工艺参数。研究结果表明：简单流道内的湍流动能小于复杂流道内的湍动能,因此在流道内加入约束模块可提高湍流的紊乱程度;流道加工表面的静压力、动压力在波浪形约束模块作用下比在矩形约束模块的作用下流道性能有所提高,同时在波浪形流道内可根据约束形状形成明显的压力差值;加入不同形状的约束模块改变流道横截面积,可以改变加工表面压力、速度、磨粒入射角等工艺参数,并且能够获得更加明显的小涡流以提高加工精度。数值模拟结果为软性磨粒流加工工艺参数的选择提供了依据并部分通过试验得到验证。 相似文献
2.
为解决传统流体抛光效率低等问题,该文提出三相磨粒流文丘里管结构空化辅助抛光方法,进行了理论分析和试验研究。利用计算流体力学对三相磨粒流有无文丘里管结构空化2种情况分别进行数值模拟,分析和对比流场内的速度矢量、动压力和湍动能等参数。为了验证数值模拟的正确性和所提出方法的有效性,一方面进行了PIV(Particle image velocimetry)观测试验,观察和分析流场内空化云团的演化,进一步分析空化辅助抛光机理;另一方面进行了三相磨粒流空化抛光试验,对工件的表面粗糙度和表面形貌进行测量和分析。理论和试验结果表明:空化辅助下的流场速度、动压力、湍动能和有效加工区域明显增大,数值分析与PIV观测试验、抛光试验结果具有很好的一致性,三相磨粒流文丘里管结构空化辅助抛光方法显著提高了抛光效率。加工对比试验显示,空化辅助磨粒流抛光相比同参数的传统流体抛光效率大幅提高,经12 h抛光后工件表面粗糙度Ra从160 nm最低下降到4.95 nm。 相似文献
3.
结构化流道环境下不同颗粒浓度的磨粒群分布及其动力学特性 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
结构化表面流道内,由于流体相的驱动作用,磨粒与磨粒之间、磨粒与壁面之间产生相互碰撞,从而壁面不断受到冲击力和摩擦力而发生磨损。该文基于液-固两相流体耦合理论,利用欧拉-欧拉多相流模型中的mixture模型和Realizablek-ε湍流模型对V型纹理半环形截面流道内液-固两相流在不同颗粒浓度下运行时的壁面湍流效应进行了数值模拟,计算了流场中湍流速度及湍动性能等参数。模拟结果表明:V型纹理的流道有利于涡流的产生,因此可以通过配置V型纹理的约束模块来提高湍流的紊乱程度;随着颗粒浓度的增大,在一定范围内磨粒流的速度逐渐增大,磨粒流的湍动能逐渐减小,磨粒体积分数的波动振幅越来越小;颗粒浓度的选择应适当,不同的颗粒浓度可以产生不同的磨粒流综合性能和颗粒分布效果。 相似文献
4.
基于CFD-DEM耦合的磨粒流微小孔加工数值分析与试验 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
由于当前具有微小孔的结构等零部件加工难度大,精度要求高,传统加工方法无法满足现有的加工精度要求,该文采用一种软性加工方法—磨粒流加工技术,实现微小孔结构精密加工。采用CFD(computational fluid dynamics)和DEM(discrete element method)相结合的方法对磨粒流加工过程进行数值分析。在数值分析过程中,考虑颗粒对壁面的碰撞作用,对不同入口速度条件下的流体和颗粒的分布状态进行对比分析,揭示磨粒流微切削作用行为,通过对材料去除机理的分析揭示颗粒对壁面的作用规律。数值模拟结果表明:随着入口速度的增大,颗粒与零件表面的摩擦与碰撞作用更为剧烈,颗粒动能转化为切削能,提高了材料的去除率;当颗粒碰撞应力小于材料极限应力时,材料只发生塑性变形,当碰撞应力大于材料极限应力时,才会发生材料去除。试验结果表明:经磨粒流加工的表面粗糙度Ra值由2.03μm降低到0.65μm,研究结果可为后续研究颗粒碰撞和颗粒微切削提供一定借鉴价值。 相似文献
5.
超声空化对软性磨粒流切削效率和质量的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为提高软性磨粒流切削的效能,研究了利用超声空化作用加快材料去除的方法。在分析磨粒抛光试验和计算流体动力学仿真结果的基础上,提出并验证磨粒碰撞壁面的动能是影响切削效率主要因素的假设;根据对超声空化气泡溃灭,及其在外围水域中冲击波形成与传播的研究结果,分析气泡溃灭在推动磨粒改变其动能时所起的增强湍流效果的作用。在此基础上搭建了超声辅助磨粒流试验装置,以表面覆有氧化层的硅片为试验对象,根据其表面氧化层的去除情况,分析超声空化对硅片表面材料去除能力的影响,并在磨粒流加工无氧化层硅片表面的试验中,观察到超声空化对磨粒流切削的显著影响。验证了超声空化能使磨粒流中的磨粒的动能发生改变,从而起到提高切削效率和提高表面质量的作用,以期为超声波作用下磨粒流加工工艺的改进提供参考。 相似文献
6.
水沙分离鳃内部流场的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
该文对分离鳃内的水沙两相流流场进行了数值模拟,多相流模型分别采用了欧拉模型与混合模型,将两种多相流模型的计算结果与PIV测试结果进行了定性和定量对比,发现欧拉模型比较适合分离鳃内的水沙两相流流场数值模拟。进而利用欧拉模型的计算结果分析了分离鳃内的泥沙及速度分布特性,结果表明,鳃片上表面、下表面的平均含沙量和平均速度分布规律与鳃片所在位置和时间有关,分离鳃不同高度方向的泥沙分布特性不同,越靠近分离鳃的上端,其水沙分离速度越快,就越容易获得清水;泥沙通道中泥沙平均速度与清水通道中清水平均速度随时间变化规律一致,且泥沙平均速度总体上大于清水平均速度。 相似文献
7.
制动工况下液力偶合器流场湍流模型分析与验证 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
合理选择湍流模型是获取准确和可靠数值模拟结果的关键。该文采用3种湍流模型(标准k-ε模型、分离涡模型、大涡模拟模型)仿真制动工况下方形腔液力偶合器流场,提取流速场和涡量场。基于粒子图像测速(particle image velocimetry,PIV)技术测量液力偶合器制动工况下流场,将数值模拟结果与PIV试验结果进行对比,以PIV试验测量结果作为评价基准,分析采用3种湍流模型计算流场结果的差异性,完成湍流模型的适用性分析。结果表明,标准k-ε模型仿真结果与PIV试验结果误差较大;采用大涡模拟模型模拟主流区域流场结构分布更加真实,仿真结果能够较好地解释主流区域多尺度涡旋运动规律和能量耗散机理;采用分离涡模型能够更准确地捕捉近壁面和角涡区高梯度流场结构分布。研究结果可为液力偶合器流场精确计算与性能预测提供参考。 相似文献
8.
润滑油分离机内部流场数值模拟与分离效率分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
用数值方法研究碟式分离机内部流场是优化其设计的重要手段。针对润滑油碟式分离机,采用VOF多相流模型并结合RNG k-ε湍流模型和离散相模型对其内部油水固分离过程和分离效率进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明,碟片间隙中流场基本为层流,在中性孔和碟片外缘为湍流区;入口速度对油水分离结果影响不大,而对固体颗粒的分离会产生较大的影响;固体颗粒计算分离效率和实测分离效率最大相对误差为1.5%,额定处理量为700 L/h时,入口速度为2.5 m/s,此时分离效率为97.2%,满足设计要求。研究结果表明,该文提出的三相流分析方法是可行的,对碟式分离机的结构优化设计具有重要的指导意义,同时也减少了所需的试验时间和费用。 相似文献
9.
土壤优先流运动的活动流场模型分形特征参数计算 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
活动流场模型分形特征参数控制着优先流的产生和发展,因此准确获得活动流场模型分形特征参数值对提高模型的模拟预测精度具有重要意义。该研究采用染色示踪方法,将优先流流场从流动背景中显示出来,通过数字图像分析和采样分析获得优先流流场和流场内土壤含水率的分布模式,根据活动流场模型本构方程拟合活动流场模型分形特征参数值;针对3种常见的入渗后染色区内土壤含水率分布模式,分别提供了相应的活动流场模型分形特征参数的计算方法。研究结果显示,1）由于入渗后土壤水重分布的影响,活动流场区域和染色区域在整个入渗深度范围并不完全重合,因此仅可选择活动流场与染色区域相重合深度范围内受土壤初始含水率影响较小的数据来拟合活动流场模型分形特征参数值;2）土壤质地对入渗后染色区内土壤含水率的分布模式有显著影响,细质地土壤中入渗后染色区土壤含水率沿入渗方向逐渐减小,粗质地土壤中入渗后染色区土壤含水率沿入渗方向先增大后减小。 相似文献
10.
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献