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花生根腐、茎腐和果腐病在我国各花生产区发生严重,其病原菌的组成和优势种群尚不明确。本研究于2020年从河南省6个市的花生种植区采集病株样品,共分离得到151个菌株,其中花生根腐病菌41株、茎腐病菌71株、果腐病菌39株。真菌形态鉴定和利用rDNA-ITS和EF-1α序列进行分子鉴定的结果表明,这些菌株均为镰孢菌,分别属于木贼镰孢菌(Fusarium equiseti)、变红镰孢菌(F.incarnatum)、尖孢镰孢菌(F.oxysporum)、层出镰孢菌(F.proliferatum)和茄病镰孢菌(F.solani);从花生根腐和茎腐病样品中都可以检出这5种镰孢菌,果腐病样品中未能检出层出镰孢菌。尖孢镰孢菌在供试的花生根腐、茎腐和果腐病样品中检出率最高,分别为39.02%、30.99%和56.41%。根据柯赫氏法则验证了这5种镰孢菌均对花生具有致病性。本研究明确了河南省花生根腐、茎腐和果腐病的致病镰孢菌组成和优势种群,为病害防控奠定了基础。 相似文献
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从表现枯萎病症状的大蕉球茎病组织中获得10株分离物,采用形态学分类方法将这些分离物鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌.利用分离物DJ1的rDNA-ITS区序列和IGS序列开展的系统发育分析迸一步确定DJ1为尖孢镰刀菌.对不同香蕉品系的致病性测定结果表明,DJ1对粉蕉(Musa sp.ABB)的致病性最强,其次是特威(Musa sp.AAA)、巴西蕉(Musa sp.AAA)和泰蕉(Musa sp.AAA),对皇帝蕉(Musa sp.AA)的致病性较弱,根据DJ1的寄主范围确定DJ1为尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型生理4号小种.对IGS序列的进一步比对分析表明DJ1不属于热带4号生理小种菌株.这些结果为大蕉枯萎病的防治提供了重要依据和指导. 相似文献
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从亚麻根部分离到尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)、茄病镰刀菌(F.solani)、串珠镰刀菌(F.moniliforme)、半裸镰刀菌(F.semitectum)、砖红镰刀菌(F.lateritium)5个种的101个菌株。依据柯赫式法则,确定其病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌。利用盆栽法做致病性测定,结果表明87个镰刀菌菌株的致病性差异显著。 相似文献
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火龙果镰刀菌果腐病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用形态学特征观察、rDNA-ITS序列、EF-1α序列比对和系统发育树分析的方法对引起火龙果镰刀菌果腐病病原菌进行鉴定,并初步研究其生物学特性。结果表明:引起火龙果镰刀菌果腐病是单隔镰刀菌(Fusarium dimerum Penzig in Saccardo),这是该菌引起火龙果果腐病在国内的首次报道。该菌菌丝生长的适宜温度25~35℃,最适温度30℃,适宜产孢温度25~35℃,最适产孢温度30~35℃,致死温度75℃(10 min);适宜pH5~9,最适pH7,最适产孢pH4;连续光照、D-果糖为碳源、牛肉膏和蛋白胨为氮源时最有利于该菌菌丝生长;完全黑暗、D-半乳糖为碳源、尿素为氮源时最有利于该菌产孢。综合分析认为,该菌耐高温,光照充足、弱酸和富含有机营养的环境有利于该菌的生长和繁殖。 相似文献
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通过平板对峙法从香草兰根际微生物中筛选出对香草兰根(茎)腐病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、香草兰疫病菌(Phytophthora nicotianae)和香草兰细菌性软腐病菌(Erwinia carotovora)均有良好抑制效果的生防菌10株。通过16S rDNA序列比对及系统发育树分析,其中7株为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus. amyloliquefaciens),2株为枯草芽孢杆菌(B. subtils),1株为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(B. methylotrophicus)。提取脂肽类化合物进行抑菌分析,发现10株生防菌脂肽类提取物对香草兰根(茎)腐病菌和香草兰疫病菌均有良好的抑制效果,有4株的脂肽类粗提物对香草兰细菌性软腐病菌有强烈的抑制活性。对其中2个菌株脂肽类粗提物进行MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS检测,发现菌株 VX2R11 产生表面活性素(Surfactin)和伊枯草素A(IturinA)2种脂肽类化合物,菌株 VX2S02 仅产生伊枯草素A,推测产生伊枯草素A是菌株VX2R11和VX2S02拮抗香草兰根(茎)腐病菌和疫病菌重要机制;产生表面活性素是菌株VX2R11拮抗香草兰细菌性软腐病菌的重要机制。 相似文献
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山东花生茎腐病病原菌研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从山东省多地采集的花生茎腐病株上分离到15个茎腐病菌株,选取6个典型菌株,对病原菌进行形态特征、致病性、生物学特性研究。核糖体DNA-ITS序列分析表明,6个菌株的核糖体DNA-ITS序列同源性高达99%。根据病原菌的形态特征、核糖体DNA-ITS序列同源性比较,确认供试6个菌株为同一种病原菌,与GenBank中可可毛色二孢属（Ｌasiodiplodia）（Diplodia的同物异名）的同源性高达99%以上。根据6个菌株的形态特征、致病性测定结果及生物学特性,并结合核糖体DNA-ITS序列分析,将山东花生茎腐病的病原鉴定为棉色二孢菌（Diplodia gossypina )。 相似文献
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利用ITS1和ITS4通用引物扩增香蕉枯萎病菌核酸片段鉴定其生理小种 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
利用真菌核糖体rDNA区通用引物ITS1和ITS4,扩增采集自香蕉的13株镰刀菌包括18S rDNA部分序列、ITS1-5.8S-ITS2全部序列和28S rDNA部分序列的片段,通过BLAST序列比对分析,确定13株菌为尖孢镰刀菌[Fusarium oxysporum]。采用最大简约法,以层出镰刀菌[F.proliferatum(EU151490)]和茄病镰刀菌[F.solani(GQ376116)]为外群,将13株菌的序列与BLAST检索获得的尖镰孢古巴专化型(F.oxysporum f.sp.Cubense)相应序列构建了系统发育树。系统发育分析结果显示,13株菌与NCBI登录的4个尖镰孢古巴专化型菌株一起被分成3个亚群,亚群聚类结果与回接鉴定结果及文献报道的生理小种结果完全一致。 相似文献
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一株芝麻枯萎病菌的鉴定及其生物学特性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为明确发生在南阳芝麻田块的芝麻枯萎病菌原物,以有效防治病害,从南阳市采集枯萎病显症芝麻植株,用常规组织分离法获得一株镰刀菌ZY-2,依据柯赫法则确定ZY-2对芝麻幼苗的致病性,显微观察形态特征,检测生物学特性,并依据核糖体基因内转录间隔区（rDNA-ITS）序列和翻译延伸因子1α基因(tef)序列对该菌进行分子鉴定。在基于rDNA-ITS序列构建的系统发育树中,菌株ZY-2与2株尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum的参比菌株（GenBank登记号：AF69310和EU285553）在自举值98%相聚一群。在基于tef基因序列构建的系统发育树中,菌株ZY-2与3株F. oxysporum的参比菌株（GenBank登记号：KF030591、KF301636和FJ985299）在自举值100%相聚一群。该菌适宜生长温度为22~31℃,最适为28℃;pH2.0~10.0范围内均可生长,最适为pH6.5~7.5;能利用多种碳源和氮源进行营养生长,但在以葡萄糖和L-脯氨酸分别作为唯一碳源和氮源的培养基上不产生分生孢子。 相似文献
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《大豆科学》2020,(3)
为明确吉林省公主岭和敦化的大豆根腐病镰孢菌种类,分离93份根腐病标样的病原真菌,利用ITS、TEF1-α、RPB2基因序列比对和多基因位点系统发育分析,结合形态学鉴定方法,鉴定出104株镰孢菌,共分4种,腐皮镰孢菌占64.42%,尖镰孢菌占33.65%,轮枝镰孢菌占0.96%,层出镰孢菌占0.96%。在公主岭罹病植株上分离鉴定出57株镰孢菌,腐皮镰孢菌占91.23%,尖镰孢菌占5.27%,轮枝镰孢菌占1.75%,层出镰孢菌占1.75%;在敦化罹病植株上分离鉴定出47株镰孢菌,腐皮镰孢菌占31.91%,尖镰孢菌占68.09%。结果表明:公主岭优势病原菌为腐皮镰孢菌,而敦化优势病原菌为尖镰孢菌。致病性试验结果表明,仅有3株腐皮镰孢菌对合丰55无致病性,其余101株镰孢菌对合丰55均有不同程度的致病性。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。 相似文献
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以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果 相似文献
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Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed. 相似文献
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R. W. Summers 《Crop Protection》1989,8(6):451-454
One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed. 相似文献
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为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。 相似文献