共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
以辣椒绿熟果(果实绿熟时期采摘)和红熟果(果实红熟时期采摘)为试材,研究其保存在不同温度条件下辣椒素和二氢辣椒素含量的变化规律。结果表明:不同的温度保存下,胎座或果肉的辣椒素含量变化趋势均与二氢辣椒素一致。短时期低温(0℃)保存有利于保持采后辣椒果实辣椒素(二氢辣椒素)高含量,长时间保存时,常温(4℃~25℃)保存有利于保持辣椒素(二氢辣椒素)高含量。同一保存温度下,果肉辣椒素(二氢辣椒素)含量变化趋势与胎座相反。同一温度处理下,不同熟期果实辣椒素(二氢辣椒素)含量变化规律基本一致。 相似文献
2.
探究水杨酸（Salicylicacid,SA）和茉莉酸甲酯(Methyl Jasmonate,MeJA)不同浓度处理下‘鬼椒王’果实胎座中辣椒素和二氢辣椒素含量的变化。采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）,对不同浓度SA和MeJA喷施后的‘鬼椒王’5个生长期的果实胎座辣椒素和二氢辣椒素含量进行测定。结果表明：（1）不同浓度SA和MeJA处理条件下,处理与对照中辣椒素和二氢辣椒素含量呈现出相同的变化趋势,先增加,并在40 d左右（即果实转红期）达到最高,40~50 d含量降低。（2）SA处理中,较低浓度（1.5 mmol/L）的喷施最有利于辣椒素和二氢辣椒素的积累,最大含量分别为98.400 mg/g和5.771 mg/g,而高浓度（2.5、3.5、5.0 mmol/L）的处理显著抑制了辣椒素的积累。(3)MeJA处理下,4个浓度水平的MeJA（1.0、1.5、2.5、3.5 mmol/L）处理均促进辣椒素和二氢辣椒素的积累,其中,在2.5 mmol/L MeJA的处理下,辣椒素和二氢辣椒素达到最大值,分别为116.181 mg/g和7.035 mg/g。本研究为外施SA和 MeJA促进辣椒中辣椒素的含量提供了科学依据。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
黄灯笼辣椒是海南的重要蔬菜品种。从科学育苗、整地定植和田间管理、有效防治病虫害、植株调整和人工授粉等方面对海南黄灯笼辣椒高产栽培技术进行了探讨,为促进海南蔬菜生产提供了参考。 相似文献
6.
苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL,phenylalanine ammonia-lyase[EC:4.3.1.24])是植物次生代谢尤其是苯丙烷途径的关键酶,与植物抵抗病原菌入侵密切相关,具有重要的植物生理学意义;其催化产物是辣椒素等植物天然产物的前体。采用BLASTP方法,依托全基因组数据库,获得了番茄、马铃薯、本氏烟草、辣椒等4种茄科植物及杨树、拟南芥的PAL基因家族成员共27条序列,并对其进行初步的生物信息学分析、理化性质分析及结构分析。结果表明:在进化过程中,茄科植物烟草、番茄、马铃薯和辣椒的亲缘关系较近,拟南芥、杨树与茄科植物的亲缘关系较远;酸性蛋白质占96.3%,所有蛋白均为亲水性稳定蛋白、有明显跨膜现象、无信号肽;所有PAL亚细胞定位于细胞质中,具有活性位点的蛋白占96.3%。本研究结果为进一步研究茄科植物中PAL代谢机理提供理论支持。 相似文献
7.
研究施用沼液对辣椒生物学性状与品质的影响，结果表明：施用沼液可使辣椒初花期、座果期分别提前5～10、12～25 d；施用沼液也可使辣椒的株高更高，茎更粗；100%沼液氮处理与100%化学氮处理对比，辣椒素提高了22.08%，维生素C提高了26.44%，可溶性糖提高了22%，亚硝酸盐降低了26.44%。 相似文献
8.
辣椒红色素制取和应用研究概述 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
辣椒红色素作为优质的天然色素,具有广阔的国内外市场。我国既是辣椒红色素潜在生产国,又是其潜在的巨大市场。依据国内近２０年来有关辣椒红色素的研究资料,概述了辣椒红色素特性、提取工艺、除辣技术、提高产出率和稳定性以及应用方面的研究成果和信息,期望能对辣椒红色素的研究、开发和产业化有所裨益。 相似文献
9.
冬种辣椒是广东冬季农业生产的支柱产业。但冬种辣椒生产常常受寒潮、连阴雨、干旱等灾害性天气的威胁。调查广东省冬季气象灾害的发生规律,结合冬种辣椒的生长和栽培特点,探讨广东气象条件与冬种辣椒生产的关系,分析冬种辣椒面临的主要气象灾害的发生规律、特征及其对辣椒生产的影响。辣椒属喜光喜温作物,同时根系较浅,对水分要求严格。寒害是冬季辣椒生产面临的主要气象灾害;2、3月份的低温阴雨天气主要发生在粤北和珠三角地区,容易给辣椒造成渍害和湿害;冬季干旱发生频率也较大,珠江口北部以及雷州半岛地区是重点防范区域;而在全球变化 相似文献
10.
随着畜牧业的快速发展、优质饲料原料的严重不足以及国际进口贸易形势的日益紧张,开发非常规饲料资源的需求愈发迫切。菜籽饼粕是我国第一大油料作物油菜的加工副产物,饲用价值不高严重制约了在饲料工业中的应用。微生物发酵技术具有改良菜籽饼粕品质和提高畜禽生产性能的优势。本文综述了微生物发酵改良菜籽饼粕饲用价值的机理、影响因素以及微生物发酵菜籽饼粕饲料在畜禽生产中的应用,讨论了目前微生物发酵菜籽饼粕生产中存在的问题,展望了未来微生物发酵菜籽饼粕饲料的发展方向。 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献
18.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
19.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献