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生物炭修复重金属污染农田土壤的机制及应用研究进展 总被引：14，自引：8，他引：6
将生物质转化为生物炭并用于重金属污染农田土壤修复中,是有效利用生物质资源、保障粮食安全的有效途径之一。然而,生物炭的应用效率受其特性和土壤环境影响极大。该研究综述了生物炭特性,并探讨了生物质和热解温度对其影响规律,阐明了生物炭对重金属的直接固定作用,以及通过影响土壤p H值、阳离子交换量(Cation Exchange Capacity,CEC)、矿物组分和有机质等,进而间接固定重金属的作用机制。同时,该文系统总结了国内外生物炭在田间试验中的应用,从土壤重金属迁移性和生物有效性、作物累积重金属和作物产量等3个方面阐明了生物炭的应用效果和作用规律。针对田间试验条件区别于室内试验的特殊性,探讨了生物炭施撒方式及用量、施肥等田间管理和气候环境等现场条件对生物炭应用的影响,并对今后完善生物炭在土壤修复中作用机制、扩大研究尺度和长期土壤监测等方面研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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市政污泥生物炭对大豆生长及重金属积累的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以大豆为研究对象,通过盆栽试验,探讨施用废水污泥生产的生物炭对大豆生长特性、重金属积累和土壤质量的影响。试验设空白对照、仅施用生物炭、常规施肥和常规施肥配施生物炭4个处理,每个处理4次重复,供试土壤为酸性红壤,每盆土壤(6kg土)中废水污泥生物炭施用量为40 g。结果表明,与对照土壤相比,配料配施生物炭能够显著提高土壤中有效氮与速效磷含量,改善大豆生长性状、提高大豆籽粒养分、提高大豆产量(增产17.3%)。常规施肥配施生物炭处理,大豆产量最佳,且大豆籽粒中重金属含量低于国家标准限量要求。 相似文献
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为了促进生物炭研究和农用,采用盆栽试验研究了两种生物炭基氮肥及相应生物炭对土壤部分化学性质、养分状况及作物产量的影响。试验结果表明：施用生物炭基氮肥可显著提高土壤有机碳含量,提高土壤pH值、阳离子交换量、土壤速效磷、速效钾和矿质态氮含量,增强土壤保肥能力,促进作物增产。生物炭对土壤化学性质和养分状况虽有一定改善作用,但作物增产效应不明显甚至减产。因此,将生物炭与肥料复合制成生物炭基肥料不但可以保持生物炭改良土壤的功能,还可促进作物生长和增产,有利于生物炭农用效益的提升。 相似文献
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土壤属性和作物生长对生物炭施用的响应和反馈研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
生物炭作为一种土壤改良剂,近年来在提升土壤质量和作物产量方面效应良好。在全面梳理生物炭施用效果方面的最新研究基础上,总结了土壤理化性质、作物生长和产量对生物炭施用的响应和反馈规律。结果表明:(1)生物炭的来源、是否酸化、施用年限及施用量决定了施用后的土壤属性及作物产量变化幅度。一般来说,施用量增加、土壤容重降低,土壤孔隙度增加、土壤水力性质及入渗性能改善,土壤温度也增加。(2)由于土壤物理性质改变,施用生物炭最终降低了土壤表层的盐分表聚。生物炭对土壤pH的调节效果取决于两者pH的差异。此外,随着生物炭施用量增加,有机质含量呈线性增加趋势,而有效氮、有效钾和有效磷呈先增加后减小的趋势。(3)适宜施用生物炭使作物长势更好、产量更高;而过高的施量既不经济、增加成本,又对作物产量提升无益,适宜生物炭施用量为10~40 t/hm2。(4)总体上,虽然土壤属性和作物生长对生物炭施用的响应和反馈因试验条件、土壤质地和作物类型、气候条件差异而表现出响应幅度不同,但大部分结果证实,土壤属性和作物生长对生物炭施用具有正面响应。今后在生物炭施用的科学认识和生产实践中需因地制宜制定施用策略。 相似文献
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大豆秸秆生物炭对铅锌尾矿污染土壤的修复作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用盆栽空心菜的方法,研究了大豆桔杆生物炭对铅锌尾矿污染土壤的修复作用。污染土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd含量分别为50,400,1 119,3.4mg/kg。结果表明:土壤无论是否受到铅锌尾矿污染,添加3%生物炭(w/w)均能显著提高土壤pH;3%生物炭能够抑制铅锌尾矿污染导致的土壤pH降低。大豆桔杆生物炭对尾矿污染土壤和未污染土壤中重金属有效态的影响不同,与未污染土壤相比,3%生物炭的钝化作用不能抵消铅锌尾矿污染导致的重金属有效态含量的增加。铅锌尾矿污染抑制空心菜生长;施加3%生物炭可以消除铅锌尾矿污染对空心菜生长的抑制作用。生物炭显著降低污染土壤空心菜根部重金属含量,而对地上部分的影响,不同元素表现出不同的特点;3%生物炭能够阻控铅锌尾矿污染土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd向空心菜地上部迁移富集。大豆桔杆生物炭对空心菜吸收重金属的影响,在铅锌尾矿污染土壤和未污染土壤上表现不同,存在元素之间的拮抗作用以及由于生物炭提高空心菜生物量所产生的稀释作用。在研究设置条件下,与未污染土壤相比,从空心菜生物量和可食部分吸收重金属含量来评价,施加3%大豆桔杆生物炭可以修复铅锌尾矿导致的土壤污染。 相似文献
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生物炭复配矿物质钝化修复重金属复合污染土壤的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《土壤通报》2020,(1):195-200
选取稻壳生物炭、木屑生物炭、羟基磷灰石及蒙脱石作为钝化材料,按钝化剂5:土壤100的重量比添加到重金属复合污染土壤中,通过测定土壤重金属形态变化,研究了钝化材料修复重金属复合污染土壤的效果及其机理。结果表明:生物炭和矿物质均能有效固定土壤中重金属,其中羟基磷灰石的钝化效果最好,对土壤镉、铜和铅的固定化率分别为76.24%、74.26%和98.13%。蒙脱石的钝化效果最差。添加钝化剂后土壤重金属中的酸可提取态和可还原态向着更加稳定的可氧化态和残渣态转化,土壤重金属活性态比例下降。生物炭复配矿物质处理对土壤重金属的钝化效果介于单一生物炭处理和单一矿物质处理之间。此外,生物炭及矿物质均能有效地提高土壤pH,pH可能是影响土壤修复效果的关键因素。 相似文献
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矿区土壤易发生重金属污染,是土地资源利用和维护的一大难题。以铜矿区污染土壤为研究对象,按质量比添加0,1%,2%,4%,10% (w/w)的生物炭,进行香根草室内盆栽试验。研究添加生物炭对土壤pH和微生物活性、香根草富集与转运重金属的影响,探明重金属形态含量与生物炭、微生物活性的相关性,旨在为生物炭与香根草联合修复矿区重金属污染土壤提供理论参考。结果表明:生物炭的添加能提高土壤pH,显著提高土壤FDA水解酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性,显著促进土壤基础呼吸,但对土壤微生物量碳无显著影响;生物炭的添加使香根草生物量显著增大,降低土壤Cu和Pb的有效态占比,Cd的变化与此相反;添加生物炭促进香根草对Cd和Pb的富集,降低香根草对Cu的富集,减少Cu、Cd和Pb在香根草体内的转运,因此香根草可作为Cu、Cd和Pb的稳定化植物。土壤蔗糖酶活性与香根草叶片Cu、Cd和Pb含量、有效态和残渣态Cu含量呈显著正相关,土壤基础呼吸与叶片Cu、Cd和Pb含量、有效态Cu、Pb含量呈显著负相关,而与有效态Cd含量呈显著正相关。总之,生物炭可减弱矿区土壤重金属对香根草生长的毒害作用,并促进香根草对重金属的富集,两者结合可改善铜矿区污染土壤的理化性质和微生物活性,有利于重金属污染土壤修复,改善土壤质量。 相似文献
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生物质炭中的污染物含量及其田间施用的环境风险预测 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
生物质炭在碳固定、污染修复和酸性土壤改良中的应用非常广泛,但对生物质炭中所含污染物的研究甚少,其在田间应用中的环境风险并不清楚。该文选择松针和麦秆为原料,采用不同制备方法,研究了不同条件下获得的生物质炭中的重金属和多环芳烃含量,并初步评估了其田间应用的环境风险。研究表明,不同有机废弃物来源制备的生物质炭中均含有一定量的重金属(0.301～128mg/kg)和多环芳烃(1.48～5.48mg/kg);松针制备的生物质炭中的重金属含量普遍高于麦秆制备的生物质炭,而多环芳烃含量则相反,且高温制备有助于降低生物质炭中的多环芳烃含量;在低施用量的田间条件下,生物质炭的施用不易对土壤造成多环芳烃的环境风险,但在高施用量条件下,生物质炭中含有的多环芳烃容易使土壤中多环芳烃含量达到中度或重度污染的程度;生物质炭中的重金属在土壤中的积累量比较有限,环境风险较小。 相似文献
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J. M. Novak K. A. Spokas K. B. Cantrell K. S. Ro D. W. Watts B. Glaz W. J. Busscher P. G. Hunt 《Soil Use and Management》2014,30(2):175-181
Biochar and hydrochars (HC) are emerging soil fertility amendments; however, their ability to improve fertility levels in soils possessing vastly different pedogenic characteristics has not been well investigated. In this study, several plant and manure biochars and two blended HC applied at 3.84 g/kg (ca.10 t/ha) were incubated in pots containing a highly fertile‐Mollisol (Waukegan series; Sandy‐skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludoll) and an infertile Entisol (Margate series; Siliceous, hyperthermic, Mollic Psammaquent). During the 124–125 day laboratory incubations, pots were leached four times with deionized H2O with the leachates analysed for the concentrations of dissolved phosphorus (DP) and potassium (DK). After the incubations, both soils were analysed for fertility characteristics (i.e. pH, cation‐exchange capacity (CEC), and extractable P and K). In both soils after biochar additions, there were mixed pH and CEC responses. Both the Mollisol and Entisol treated with swine solid biochar had greater plant extractable P and K contents, which was reflective of the elevated P and K contents in the swine solid biochar. However, most biochars and HC additions to the Mollisol and Entisol had minimal impact on soil fertility characteristics indicating a low direct fertilization potential. These nutrient contents could be altered through feedstock blending to target a particular fertilizer requirement. 相似文献
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施用生物炭对红壤性水稻土重金属钝化与土壤肥力的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过田间小区试验,分析了不同用量的生物炭处理下(0,10,20,30,40 t/hm^2)0-17,17-29 cm土层土壤的理化性质、重金属钝化及酶活性的影响。采用IFI(土壤肥力综合质量指数)评价了土壤肥力状况。结果表明:施用生物炭可以改善红壤的理化性状,降低土壤容重,提高土壤的孔隙度、饱和含水量、pH、CEC、有机质、有效磷、铵态氮和全氮及DOC含量;同时提高土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性。土壤有效态Cd和Pb含量均随生物炭施用量的增加而减少;而有效态As含量则随生物炭施用量的增加呈先增后减的趋势,三者均在生物炭施用量为40 t/hm^2时为最小值。利用IFI对土壤肥力综合质量进行评价可知,在不同生物炭用量条件下土壤肥力综合质量指数依次为A30>A40>A20>A10>CK,相应的土壤肥力综合质量指数分别为0.64,0.62,0.57,0.47,0.44。评价结果表明在生物炭施用量为30 t/hm^2时,红壤的肥力改良效果最佳。因此,采用适量的生物炭可修复重金属对红壤性水稻土的污染,并改善土壤肥力状况。 相似文献
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Ehma Rose GUERET YADIBERET MENZEMBERE Yinhai HE Yingbo DONG Bing LI Chenjing LIU Hai LIN Lengue SAMBIANI 《土壤圈》2023,33(1):23-33
Soil contamination by heavy metal(loid)s is a considerable environmental concern, and immobilization is a promising way to reduce toxicity. In recent years, modified/engineered biochars have gained enormous attention for their use in soil remediation, and various studies have reported notable results from their application and their ability to immobilize heavy metal(loid)s. In this review, a summary of publications on the utilization of modified biochars is presented to address the heavy metal(l... 相似文献
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Effects of biochars produced from different feedstocks on soil properties and sunflower growth 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4 
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下载免费PDF全文 José Antonio Alburquerque Juan Manuel Calero Vidal Barrón José Torrent María Carmen del Campillo Antonio Gallardo Rafael Villar 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2014,177(1):16-25
The use of biochar as a soil amendment is gaining interest to mitigate climate change and improve soil fertility and crop productivity. However, studies to date show a great variability in the results depending on raw materials and pyrolysis conditions, soil characteristics, and plant species. In this study, we evaluated the effects of biochars produced from five agricultural and forestry wastes on the properties of an organic‐C‐poor, slightly acidic, and loamy sand soil and on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) growth. The addition of biochar, especially at high application rates, decreased soil bulk density and increased soil field capacity, which should impact positively on plant growth and water economy. Furthermore, biochar addition to soil increased dissolved organic C (wheat‐straw and olive‐tree‐pruning biochars), available P (wheat‐straw biochar), and seed germination, and decreased soil nitrate concentration in all cases. The effects of biochar addition on plant dry biomass were greatly dependent upon the biochar‐application rate and biochar type, mainly associated to its nutrient content due to the low fertility of the soil used. As a result, the addition of ash‐rich biochars (produced from wheat straw and olive‐tree pruning) increased total plant dry biomass. On the other hand, the addition of biochar increased the leaf biomass allocation and decreased the stem biomass allocation. Therefore, biochar can improve soil properties and increase crop production with a consequent benefit to agriculture. However, the use of biochar as an amendment to agricultural soils should take into account its high heterogeneity, particularly in terms of nutrient availability. 相似文献
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生物质炭修复重金属及有机物污染土壤的研究进展 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
生物质炭是生物质原料在完全或部分缺氧条件下高温热解后的固体产物,它具有丰富的孔隙结构和较高的碳含量。该物质具有巨大的表面积和较强的阳离子交换能力等特殊性质,对受污染土壤中的重金属和有机物都具有很强的吸附能力,有效地降低这些污染物的生物有效性和在环境中的迁移,对改善土壤环境具有重大意义。近年来我国土壤污染严重,利用生物质炭修复受污染土壤的技术得到了广泛的关注。本文简述了生物质炭修复土壤污染的基本原理,探讨了与其他修复方法相比存在的优势,阐述了国内外近年来利用生物质炭修复污染土壤的研究进展,最后展望了今后需要进一步研究的领域。 相似文献
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Mahtab Ahmad Sang Soo Lee Sung Eun Lee Mohammad I. Al-Wabel Daniel C. W. Tsang Yong Sik Ok 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(3):717-730
Purpose
Remediation of metal contaminated soil with biochar is attracting extensive interest in recent years. Understanding the significance of variable biochar properties and soil types helps elucidating the meticulous roles of biochar in immobilizing/mobilizing metals/metalloids in contaminated soils.Materials and methods
Six biochars were produced from widely available agricultural wastes (i.e., soybean stover, peanut shells and pine needles) at two pyrolysis temperatures of 300 and 700 °C, respectively. The Pb-, Cu-, and Sb-contaminated shooting range soils and Pb-, Zn-, and As-contaminated agricultural soils were amended with the produced biochars. The mobility of metals/metalloids was assessed by the standard batch leaching test, principal component analysis and speciation modeling.Results and discussion
The changes in soil properties were correlated to feedstock types and pyrolysis temperatures of biochars based on the principal component analysis. Biochars produced at 300 °C were more efficient in decreasing Pb and Cu mobility (>93 %) in alkaline shooting range soil via surface complexation with carboxyl groups and Fe-/Al-minerals of biochars as well as metal-phosphates precipitation. By contrast, biochars produced at 700 °C outperformed their counterparts in decreasing Pb and Zn mobility (100 %) in acidic agricultural soil by metal-hydroxides precipitation due to biochar-induced pH increase. However, Sb and As mobility in both soils was unfavorably increased by biochar amendment, possibly due to the enhanced electrostatic repulsion and competition with phosphate.Conclusions
It is noteworthy that the application of biochars is not equally effective in immobilizing metals or mobilizing metalloids in different soils. We should apply biochar to multi-metal contaminated soil with great caution and tailor biochar production for achieving desired outcome and avoiding adverse impact on soil ecosystem.19.
生物质炭对酸性土壤改良作用的研究进展 总被引：33，自引：4，他引：29
由于生物质炭在农业和环境中的巨大应用前景和对土壤碳的增汇减排作用,近期成为土壤学家和环境学家研究的热点。本文综述了生物质炭对热带和亚热带地区酸性土壤的改良作用及其机制,总结了生物质炭对土壤肥力和养分有效性及作物生长和产量的影响的研究进展,分析了该领域未来的发展趋势,可为酸性土壤改良和管理提供参考。 相似文献