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利用美国DYNAMAX公司产DYNAGAGE包裹式茎流测量系统和澳大利亚产MONITOR自动气象站于2005年8月20日-9月21日测量了鲁东大学校内一株典型龙爪槐的液流量和微环境气象条件,并利用主成分分析法对液流量数据及其微环境气象因子数据进行了分析.结果显示：影响植株液流量的环境因子可以分为太阳辐射和空气湿度两个主成分,据此构造的综合环境影响因子与液流量回归分析效果较好,决定系数为0.867;与太阳总辐射、光合有效辐射、温度、湿度和风速等5个气象因子与液流量的回归效果相比,综合环境影响因子与液流量的回归效果更好. 相似文献
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[目的]研究黑龙江省西部地区"三北"工程区不同类型土壤的水分动态特征及其与气象因子的相关性,为该地区土壤墒情预测提供科学参考。[方法]通过建立小型基准气象观测站定点观测土壤水分含量及气象因子,并利用回归分析建立了无降雨条件下土壤水分的预测模型。[结果](1)生长季土壤水分变化均呈现消退期的现象,其中以黑土和黑钙土表现最为显著。3种土壤类型水分含量的变异系数都随土壤深度增大呈递减趋势。(2)相关分析结果表明,土壤水分含量与光照强度和大气温度均表现为负相关,与空气湿度表现为正相关,与降雨量和风速相关系数较小。(3)黑土和黑钙土的土壤水分日消耗量可由光照强度(X1)、湿度(X2)、风速(X3)和大气温度(X4)的变化来解释。[结论]土壤水分受气象因子综合调控,根据气象因子建立的模型可以用来预测无降雨条件下土壤水分的变化。 相似文献
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基于L-M优化算法的BP神经网络的作物需水量预测模型 总被引：25，自引：6，他引：25
应用L-M优化算法BP神经网络，通过多维气象数据(太阳辐射、空气温度、湿度)与作物需水量的相关分析，来确定网络的拓扑结构，建立作物需水量的人工神经网络模型。用美国田纳西州大学高原实验室所测的100 d气象数据为输入、作物需水量为输出来训练建立好的BP神经网络，仿真表明该神经网络能很好地解决需水量多影响因素之间的不确定性和非线性，模型的预测精度较高，同时通过一组非样本天气环境参数和作物需水量来验证该神经网络，也得到了较好的预测结果，能够满足灌溉的精度要求。 相似文献
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利用BP神经网络对江淮地区梅雨季节现代化温室小气候的模拟与分析 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10
为对江淮地区现代化温室内梅雨季节的小气候进行模拟与分析，在建立相应的BP神经网络模拟模型的基础上，进一步研究了外部温度、湿度、风速、太阳总辐射和天窗开度5个因素对温室内温度、湿度、风速的影响。研究发现可以使用BP神经网络对梅雨季节的小气候进行模拟，模型具有较高的精度，是对物理模型的有益补充；梅雨季节室内湿度受室外湿度的强烈影响，在5个输入因素中所占比重为51.7%；室内风速主要受室外风速和天窗开度的共同影响，受室外温度的影响较小，所占比重仅为10%；室内温度主要受室外温度和太阳辐射的影响，二者所占比重分别为46.2%和27.9%。 相似文献
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多元自适应回归样条算法模拟川中丘陵区参考作物蒸散量 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
参考作物蒸散量(reference crop evapotranspiration, ET_0)是作物精准灌溉管理与农业高效用水的核心参数。为提高川中丘陵区气象资料缺省下的ET_0预报精度,利用不同的气象因子组合,建立15种基于多元自适应回归样条算法(multivariate adaptive regression splines, MARS)的ET_0预报模型。选取11个代表性气象站点1961—2016年逐日气象资料进行分析,将其与其他ET_0预报模型进行对比,并利用可移植性分析评价MARS模型在川中丘陵区的适用性。结果表明:基于温度和风速项输入的MARS_5(输入大气顶层辐射、最高气温、最低气温、2m处风速)、MARS_9(输入最高气温、最低气温、2 m处风速)和MARS_(13)(输入最高气温、2 m处风速)模型,以及仅基于风速项输入的MARS_(15)模型都具有良好的模拟精度;大气顶层辐射和风速是决定机器学习模型地域性适应能力的关键;引入大气顶层辐射后,MARS_6(输入大气顶层辐射、最高气温、最低气温、相对湿度)、MARS_7(输入大气顶层辐射、最高气温、最低气温、日照时长)、MARS_8(输入大气顶层辐射、最高气温、最低气温)模型均优于相同气象因子依赖下的Irmak-Allen、Irmak、Hargreaves-M4模型;通过可移植性分析发现,在训练站点和测试站点的随机交叉组合下,MARS_5模型保持了较高的精度(纳什效率系数和决定系数均大于0.985),且输出较为稳定的模拟结果,均方根误差变化范围为0.121～0.193 mm/d,平均相对误差变化范围为2.7%～4.2%。因此,基于多元自适应回归样条算法的ET_0预报模型可作为川中丘陵区ET_0预报的推荐模型。 相似文献
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基于无人机影像的冠层光谱和结构特征监测甜菜长势 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
甜菜是中国北方地区重要的经济作物。快速、准确、高通量的获取甜菜的地上部和块根鲜质量、块根含糖率、叶绿素含量对甜菜生产具有重要意义。该研究采用无人机搭载数码和多光谱相机,获取甜菜叶丛快速生长期、块根及糖分增长期和糖分积累期的数码影像和多光谱影像,提取了冠层的结构特征和光谱特征。选择随机森林回归（Random Forest Regression,RFR）和偏最小二乘回归（Partial Least Squares Regression,PLSR）2种建模方法基于获取的冠层特征,构建甜菜全生育期的地上部和块根鲜质量、块根含糖率和SPAD（Soil and Plant Analyzer Development）值估算模型。研究结果表明,随机森林回归模型和偏最小二乘回归模型对地上部和块根鲜质量、含糖率都做出较好的预测,R2范围分别为0.9～0.94、0.88～0.9,rRMSE范围分别为7.6%～17%、8.8%～20%。对SPAD值的预测均较弱,R2分别为0.66和0.67。为了减小输入变量集的大小以及去掉对预测不敏感的变量,该研究采用置换重要性（Permutation Importance,PIMP）来筛选冠层光谱特征和结构特征中对预测有重要影响的变量。结果表明基于筛选出的重要性特征构建的随机森林回归模型和偏最小二乘回归模型对地上部和块根鲜质量、含糖率都做出较好的预测,R2范围分别为0.89～0.94、0.74～0.91,rRMSE范围分别为7.3%～19%、7.6%～19%。对SPAD值的预测均较弱,R2分别为0.65和0.68。进一步表明随机森林回归模型在精度上略好于偏最小二乘回归模型。同时基于PIMP筛选变量的方法在保持原有精度的同时能实现降低数据收集复杂性的目的。研究结果为基于无人机遥感技术快速、准确监测甜菜长势和估测块根类作物的根部活性物质提供了参考。 相似文献
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春季侧柏树干边材液流的滞后效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究林木耗水规律及其影响机制对干旱半干旱地区林业建设战略规划、林种布局、树种选择、林分结构配置及林地水分管理等具有重要的指导意义.利用热扩散式边材液流测定系统和自动气象站对春季侧柏边材液流速率和太阳辐射、空气温湿度等气象因子进行了为期一年的同步测定.结果表明:侧柏边材液流和太阳辐射的日变化表现出明显的峰型特征,空气温湿度的峰型特征相对不明显.侧柏边材液流速率相对于太阳辐射、空气温度和空气湿度存在明显的"滞后"效应,滞后时间分别为110 min,-70 min,-60 min.在树干液流的数值模拟中,考虑液流相对于气象因子的滞后效应可以提高模型的拟合精度,而且仅用太阳辐射一个变量模拟侧柏边材液流就能达到理想的效果. 相似文献
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电子舌预测不同体积分数牛奶的表观黏度 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
该文为建立牛奶的电子舌响应信号与其表观黏度的关系,在单因素方差分析和主成分分析的基础上,提出了比较多元线性回归、逐步多元线性回归和偏最小二乘回归3种模型对牛奶表观黏度的预测效果的方法。结果显示,单因素方差分析表明体积分数对牛奶的表观黏度和各个传感器响应信号都具有极显著性的影响;主成分分析（PCA）可以用来区分牛奶的5种不同体积分数;偏最小二乘回归模型预测效果最好,模型预测值与实际值的相关系数R达到0.9659,平均相对误差（MRE）和预测均方根误差（RMSEP）分别为4.5499%和8.4645×10-5,建模最佳主成分数为3。研究结果表明,偏最小二乘回归模型是电子舌预测牛奶表观黏度的有效方法,该方法为牛奶表观黏度的科学研究提供参考。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5):329-335
Abstract Corn yields and leaf samples vere obtained from experimental plots receiving various rates and combinations of N, P and K. Yields were regressed on leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg as independent variables expressed in milliequivalents per 100 grams and percentages in three regression models. The fit of two models was shown to be equivalent regardless of method of expressing the independent variables. For the other model the choice of milliequivalents per 100 grams or percentages determines a unique function. 相似文献
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Afshin Honarbakhsh Mohammad Tahmoures Yaser Ostovari Somaye Noroozi 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(21):2485-2495
Using pedotransfer functions (PTF) is a useful way for field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) prediction. The aim of this study was to model PTF to estimate FC and PWP using regression tree (RT) and stepwise multiple linear regressions (SMLR). For this purpose, 165 and 45 soil samples from UNSODA and HYPRES datasets were used for development and validation of new PTFs, respectively. %Clay, geometric mean diameter (dg), and bulk density (BD) were selected as predictor variables due to the highest correlation and lowest multicollinearity. The results showed that clay percentage with W* = 0.89 and dg with W* = ?0.57 were the most effective variables to predict PWP and FC, respectively. The RT method had a better performance (R2 = 0.80, ME = ?0.002 cm3cm?3, RMSE = 0.05 cm3cm?3 for FC and R2 = 0.85, ME = 0.003 cm3cm?3, RMSE = 0.03 cm3 cm?3 for PWP) than SMLR in estimation of FC and PWP. 相似文献
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黑龙江省黑土区拉林河流域土壤侵蚀强度评价方法比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了保护水土资源、改善生态环境,进行区域土壤侵蚀强度评价,以黑龙江省黑土区拉林河流域为研究区,选取坡度、坡向、土壤类型、土地利用状况和标准化植被指数等5项评价指标,分别采用逻辑回归和广义回归神经网络模型,在ArcGIS平台上进行土壤侵蚀强度评价。应用受试者工作特征曲线对2种方法的评价结果进行对比。结果表明:逻辑回归模型和广义回归神经网络模型的受试者工作特征曲线下面积值分别为0.857和0.881,与实际的土壤侵蚀强度情况基本吻合;2种模型的评价结果可以相互校验,广义回归神经网络模型评价结果的精度较高。 相似文献
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基于133个滨海湿地土样的全氮（TN）含量和光谱反射率（R）及其对数（lgR）、对数的一阶微分（（lgR）''）、倒数（1/R）、倒数的一阶微分（（1/R）''）、一阶微分（R''）、平方根（√R）、一阶微分的倒数（1/（R）''）变换，采用偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）、随机森林回归（RFR）和支持向量机回归（SVR）3种算法分别建立土壤TN含量估测模型。结果表明：①土壤TN含量与光谱变换形式相关性由高到低为：（1/R）''> R''> （lgR）''> 1/R > lgR > 1/（R）''> √R > > R，经光谱变换，土壤TN含量与变换光谱的相关性均高于R，其中与（1/R）''的Pearson相关系数最大为0.746。②PLSR和SVR基于R''、（1/R）''、（lgR）''和1/（R）''变换构建的模型、RFR方法构建的所有模型R2均大于0.732，均可用于滨海湿地土壤TN含量的估算。③基于1/（R）''建立的SVR模型预测精度最高，其R2为0.987，RMSE为0.057 g/kg，MAE为0.050 g/kg，是预测滨海湿地土壤TN含量的最优模型，可为准确获取滨海湿地土壤TN含量提供稳定方法。 相似文献
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Yaser Ostovari Shoja Ghorbani-Dashtaki Lalit Kumar Farzin Shabani 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(12):1688-1703
ABSTRACTPedotransfer functions (PTFs) have been used to save time and cost in predicting certain soil properties, such as soil erodibility (K-factor). The main objectives of this study were to develop appropriate PTFs to predict the K-factor, and then compare new PTFs with Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) K-factor models. The K-factor was measured using 40 erosion plots under natural rainfall in Simakan Watershed, an area of 350 km2 in central of Iran. The Regression Tree (RT) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) were used to develop PTFs for predicting the K-factor. The result showed that the mean of measured K was 0.01 t h MJ?1 mm?1. The mean K value predicted by USLE and RUSLE was 2.08 and 2.84 times more than the measured K, respectively. Although calcium carbonate was not considered in the original USLE and RUSLE K-factors, it appeared in the advanced PTFs due to its strong positive significant impact on aggregate stability and soil infiltration rate, resulting in decreased K-factor. The results also showed that the RT with R2 = 0.84 had higher performance than developed MLR, USLE and RUSLE for the K estimation. 相似文献
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Apparent electrical conductivity of soil (ECa) is a property frequently used as a diagnostic tool in precision agriculture, and is measured using vehicle‐mounted proximal sensors. Crop‐yield data, which is measured by harvester‐mounted sensors, is usually collected at a higher spatial density compared to ECa. ECa and crop‐yield maps frequently exhibit similar spatial patterns because ECa is primarily controlled by the soil clay content and the interrelated soil moisture content, which are often significant contributors to crop‐yield potential. By quantifying the spatial relationship between soil ECa and crop yield, it is possible to estimate the value of ECa at the spatial resolution of the crop‐yield data. This is achieved through the use of a local regression kriging approach which uses the higher‐resolution crop‐yield data as a covariate to predict ECa at a higher spatial resolution than would be prudent with the original ECa data alone. The accuracy of the local regression kriging (LRK) method is evaluated against local kriging (LK) and local regression (LR) to predict ECa. The results indicate that the performance of LRK is dependent on the performance of the inherent local regression. Over a range of ECa transect survey densities, LRK provides greater accuracy than LK and LR, except at very low density. Maps of the regression coefficients demonstrated that the relationship between ECa and crop yield varies from year to year, and across a field. The application of LRK to commercial scale ECa survey data, using crop yield as a covariate, should improve the accuracy of the resultant maps. This has implications for employing the maps in crop‐management decisions and building more robust calibrations between field‐gathered soil ECa and primary soil properties such as clay content. 相似文献
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Guanghui ZHENG Caixia JIAO Xianli XIE Xuefeng CUI Gang SHANG Chengyi ZHAO Rong ZENG 《土壤圈》2023,(6):849-856
Soil bulk density(BD) is an important physical property and an essential factor for weight-to-volume conversion. However, BD is often missing from soil databases because its direct measurement is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and sometimes impractical, particularly on a large scale. Therefore, pedotransfer functions(PTFs) have been developed over several decades to predict BD. Here, six previously revised PTFs(including five basic functions and stepwise multiple linear regression(SMLR)) and t... 相似文献
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Areas of the landscape that are priorities for conservation should be those that are both vulnerable to threatening processes and that if lost or degraded, will result in conservation targets being compromised. While much attention is directed towards understanding the patterns of biodiversity, much less is given to determining the areas of the landscape most vulnerable to threats. We assessed the relative vulnerability of remaining areas of native forest to conversion to plantations in the ecologically significant temperate rainforest region of south central Chile. The area of the study region is 4.2 million ha and the extent of plantations is approximately 200 000 ha. First, the spatial distribution of native forest conversion to plantations was determined. The variables related to the spatial distribution of this threatening process were identified through the development of a classification tree and the generation of a multivariate, spatially explicit, statistical model. The model of native forest conversion explained 43% of the deviance and the discrimination ability of the model was high. Predictions were made of where native forest conversion is likely to occur in the future. Due to patterns of climate, topography, soils and proximity to infrastructure and towns, remaining forest areas differ in their relative risk of being converted to plantations. Another factor that may increase the vulnerability of remaining native forest in a subset of the study region is the proposed construction of a highway. We found that 90% of the area of existing plantations within this region is within 2.5 km of roads. When the predictions of native forest conversion were recalculated accounting for the construction of this highway, it was found that approximately 27 000 ha of native forest had an increased probability of conversion. The areas of native forest identified to be vulnerable to conversion are outside of the existing reserve network. 相似文献
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基于环境变量的中国土壤有机碳空间分布特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究中国土壤有机碳(Soil Organic Carbon,SOC)的空间分布特征对SOC储量估算以及农业生产管理具有重要意义。以全国第二次土壤普查2473个土壤典型剖面的表层(A层)SOC含量为研究对象,探寻地形、气候和植被等环境因素对SOC空间异质性分布的影响;以普通克里格法为对照,利用地理加权回归、地理加权回归克里格、多元线性回归和回归克里格模型建立SOC空间预测模型;并分别绘制了中国SOC的空间分布预测图。结果表明:(1)SOC含量与年均降水量、年均温、归一化植被指数、高程以及地形粗糙指数呈极显著相关关系;(2)平均绝对估计误差、均方根误差、平均相对误差和皮尔逊相关系数等模型验证指标表明地理加权回归的预测精度优于其他模型,可以更好地绘制SOC在大尺度上的空间分布特征;(3)较高SOC含量主要分布在研究区东北部、西南部以及东南部,而西北部SOC含量普遍偏低。本文以期从大尺度上探讨土壤属性与环境变量之间的相关关系,为全国土壤属性的空间制图提供一定的解决方案和思路。 相似文献
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氧化铁是土壤中含铁矿物的主体,是土壤发育和土壤分类最明显和最有用的指标之一。本文以湖南省大围山森林土壤为研究对象,通过实验室化学成分测定和光谱采集,在光谱预处理及组合变换基础上,采用相关性分析筛选土壤氧化铁全量的敏感波段,并分别建立多元逐步回归和偏最小二乘回归反演模型。结果表明:不同土壤光谱曲线趋势基本一致,均形似陡坎,且在420～580 nm波段,土壤氧化铁全量与光谱反射率呈负相关关系;不同的光谱数据变换方式可以提高光谱与氧化铁全量的相关性,Savitzky-Golay(S-G)平滑和去包络线相结合优于其他预处理方法;土壤氧化铁全量的特征波段主要为392、427、529、523、549、559、565、570、994和1040nm,偏最小二乘回归模型比多元逐步回归模型具有更好的稳定性,适合于快速估算红黄壤区森林土壤氧化铁全量。 相似文献