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1.
Summary Inheritance of raw cucumber fruit texture (Magness-Taylor Fruit Pressure Tester firmness) was investigated over a 4-year period from 1971–1974. Results from 2 separate but related experiments suggested that firmness was quantitatively inherited with sufficient additive effects to permit gain from selection. In a selection study within 4 F2 populations derived from crosses between firm (Chipper and Gy3) and soft (Mincu and Green F) fruit type cultivars, variation among and within F3 and F4 families was significant but overall family means were not significantly higher than the high parent in any of the 4 crosses. Narrow sense heritability estimates for fruit texture were 0.80 in the Mincu × Chipper population and 0.77 in the Green F × Chipper, Mincu × Gy3, and Gy3 × Green F crosses. In a separate experiment, generation means analysis was used to assess the mode of gene action in 2 crosses: Green F × Chipper, and Gy3 × Green F. Additive genetic effects accounted for 98.8% and 99.3% of the total genetic variation within each cross, respectively.Scientific Journal Series Paper No. 9794. 相似文献
2.
The inheritance of the powdery mildew resistance of eleven primitive barley varieties was investigated. crosses with varieties with identified resistance genes revealed that at least three different genes are present in a group of six genotypes from Greece (Hor736, Hor847, Hor878, Hor1159, Hor1379 and Hor1873) and one from Turkey (Hor1188). One dominant gene is common to these seve genotypes and in the Greek accessions a second gene is present. The expression of this second gene was respectively dominant in the crosses with Hor736 and Hor1159, recessive in the crosses with Hor878 and Hor1873, and depended on the employed powdery mildew isolate in the crosses with Hor847 and Hor1379. The detected genes differ from the resistance genes of the crossing partners, viz. Ml-al2, Ml-(Ab), Ml-(CP) and Ml-(1402). The accessions from China (Hor824 and Hor4021) each possess two resistance genes which differ from Ml-a12, Ml-(La) and Ml-(CP). The major gene is common to both accessions and is either identical, allelic or closely linked to a gene in the variety Nigrate. The Columbian accession Hor1894 possesses one resistance gene linked to a resistance gene in Nigrate but this gene differs from the Ml-a locus. The variety Palestine (Hor3997) possesses two resistance genes of which one is allelic or closely linked to Ml-(at). 相似文献
3.
Summary Eight scab-resistant cultivars and selections along with eight commercial apple cultivars were evaluated for powdery mildew resistance in greenhouse and nursery tests. Dayton, Liberty, Delicious and Tolman Sweet were rated moderately resistant to infection in both greenhouse and nursery tests. Segregation of seedlings among 14 progenies for mildew reaction indicated that mildew resistance is polygenically controlled in this material with additive gene effects. Recovery of mildew resistant seedlings from crosses involving a scab-resistant parent(s) suggested that this material can be useful in developing scab- and mildew-resistant apple cultivars. Histological investigations were conducted to describe mildew symptoms of infected leaves. 相似文献
4.
Summary Two highly variable enzyme systems of glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) were used to investigate the parentages of grape cultivars. Of 35 parent/offspring combinations that we investigated, 30 combinations gave alleles in the offspring which were presented in the reported parents, whereas 5 combinations gave alleles in the offspring which were not extractable from the reported parents. The Gpi-2 genotype of Hiro Hamburg and the Pgm-2 genotype of Pione indicated that Koshu Sanjaku and Cannon Hall Muscat may not have been the paternal parent respectively. The Gpi-2 genotype of New Niagara and the Gpi-2 and Pgm-2 genotypes of Beniyamabiko indicated that Niagara and a hybrid from DxK151 x Delaware may not have been the maternal parent respectively. The Gpi-2 genotype of Cannon Hall Muscat grown in Japan indicated that this cultivar may not have originated as a tetraploid sport of Muscat of Alexandria. 相似文献
5.
Summary Self-pollination of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars in 1988 and 1990 revealed the existence of partial self-compatibility in Tombul and Montebello. Percent cluster set in these cultivars averaged 44 and 20%, respectively, but was less than 10% in 8 other cultivars investigated. Percent cluster set from pollination with Segorbe averaged 62 and 41% in 1988 and 1990, respectively. Self-pollination produced 40% fewer nuts per cluster and twice as many blanks as cross-pollination. All cultivars and selections have an active sporophytic incompatibility system.Evaluation of self-compatibility in seedlings from the cross Montebello × Compton revealed that the partial self-compatibility of the maternal parent was transmitted to some of the progeny. Self-pollination resulted in greater than 10% cluster set in two selections, OSU 41.134 and OSU 43.025, in both years, but only in 1988 in OSU 42.089 and Willamette. Three other selections had very low set in both years. Results of incompatible crosses with standard testers were generally in agreement with those of self-pollination, except that the S2 tester induced greater set on 3 genotypes in 1988 and the S1 tester on 2 genotypes in 1990 than self-pollination. The partial self-compatibility of Montebello, OSU 41.134, and OSU 43.025 appears to be due to a failure of their stigmas to prohibit pollen tube growth in incompatible crosses. There is no evidence of a pollen-part mutation in Montebello, nor is there evidence that partial self-compatibility is due to the interaction of S-alleles, as Barcelona, which has the same alleles as these three genotypes, failed to set nuts in all incompatible crosses. 相似文献
6.
Summary Inheritance of resistance to turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) strains C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis) was evaluated using monoclonal antibodies. Crosses were made between a resistant line, 0–2, and four susceptible line. Seoul (SE),SSD31 (SS), Cheongbang (CH), and Yaki 1 ho (YA), to determine the inheritance of resistance of 0–2 in different genetic backgrounds. Resistance to TuMV was controlled by a single dominant gene or double dominant genes depending on the strain and cross. The resistance genes of 0–2 were modified by susceptible parents such that a single dominant gene was involved in the SS×0–2 combination, but double dominant genes in the SE×0–2 against TuMV-C3 or TuMV-C5. ELISA tests using inoculated and noninoculated leaves in the same plant suggested that the dominant resistance genes inhibit virus movement rather than virus multiplication. 相似文献
7.
Summary Allelic variation of prolamin loci was examined in the F2 from crosses between the hexaploid wheat varieties: Cajeme 71, Yécora 70, Ablaca, Anza, Pané 247 and Axona. Different allelic blocks for gliadins and LMW glutenin subunits were determined in Gli-1, Gli-2 and Glu-3 loci. A percentage of recombination of 1.5 ± 0.3 was determined between Gli-A1 and Glu-3 in the F2 progeny of Yécora 70 x Axona. A significant positive association was found between gluten strength, measured by SDS-sedimentation volume, and the prolamins coded by Anza Gli-D1/Glu-D3 loci and Yécora 70 Gli-A1/Glu-A3 loci. Interactions between non homeologous loci Glu-1 and Gli-1/Glu-3 were also found. 相似文献
8.
Summary The barley cultivar Cebaba Capa was crossed to the cultivar L94, which is assumed to carry no genes for increased latent periods, and Vada, which is assumed to carry five to six minor genes for a longer latent period (LP). In the F2 selection was carried out for short and long LP's in the young flag leaves to Puccinia hordei in both crosses. In the F3, F4 and F5 the selection for short as well as for long LP continued by selecting the extreme plants in the extreme lines, a typical pedigree selection approach.The LP's are given relative to those of L94, set at 100 and of Vada, set at 185. From the cross with L94 homogeneous lines were obtained with relative LP's of 100 and of 220. From the cross with Vada the extreme lines had LP's of 135 and around or even beyond 300.Cebaba Capa is thought to carry four to six minor genes with an average gene effect slightly larger than those of the five to six minor genes in Vada. From the four to six minor genes one or two may be identical to or closely linked with minor genes of Vada, the others appeared to be different. In the lines with LP's of close to 300 or even more the number of minor genes accumulated is thought to be in the order of eight or nine. These gene number estimates are based on independent assortment. If linkage occurs the number of genes involved may be larger.Because of the high correlation between LP in the young flag leaf and the partial resistance in the field the selected lines are assumed to have a partial resistance to barley leaf rust far beyond that of Vada, which represents almost the highest level of partial resistance in European cultivars. 相似文献
9.
Summary Thornless Loganberry (TL) is a periclinal chimeral blackberry in which a layer of mutant (thornless) epidermis surrounds a core of wild-type (thorny) tiusse. Due to its chimeral arrangement, TL produces thorny adventitious root cuttings and thorny offspring. To separate the chimera into its components parts, meristems of TL were grow in vitro on modified Murashige and Skoog medium to yield callus and adventitious shoots. One of these shoots has survived, flowered, and produced thornless offspring from seed. The importance of this non-chimeral TL is discussed.List of terms BA
6-benzylaminopurine
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- NAA
naphthalene acetic acid
- hybridberry
polyploid bramble interspecific hybrids
- MS
Murashige & Skoog (1962) high mineral salt medium
- TL
Thornless Loganberry
- TLtc
tissue culture-derived (non-chimeral) Thornless Loganberry 相似文献
10.
Summary Studies on the inheritance pattern of bacterial leaf spot (BLS), yellow mosaic (YM) and Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) reactions in crosses of BLS and YM resistant/tolerant but CLS susceptible × CLS resistant but BLS and YM susceptible parents indicated that resistances to BLS and CLS were governed by single dominant genes, whereas YM tolerance was a monogenic recessive character. The studies also indicated that these three genes were inherited independently. The simple inheritance pattern and independent assortment of the genes governing resistance/tolerance to these diseases suggest that the usual breeding methods will be adequate to develop multi-disease resistant mungbean cultivars.Paper XII in the series Studies on resistance in crops to bacterial diseases in India. 相似文献
11.
Summary Thornless Evergreen (TE) blackberry (Rubus laciniatus Willd.) is a tetraploid thornless periclinal chimera which produces thorny adventitious root suckers and breeds as if it were genetically thorny. Using tissue culture procedure, several pure thornless (non-chimeral) plants were obtained from TE. These tissue cultured-derived plants (TEtc) were grown to maturity, flowered, hybridised with various thorny and thornless cultivars, and selfed. When TE and TEtc were used as female parents, a high degree (ca 94%) of the seedlings were apomictic. However, both thorny and thornless sexual offspring occurred in all crosses. The thornless: thorny segregation ratios suggest that the thornless gene(s) of TEtc is (are) dominant to the thorny alleles. 相似文献
12.
Summary
Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) garden cultivars Vulcan, with deep red ray florest, and Superior, with orange ray petals, were crossed as female with 16 inbred clones and the progeny assessed visually for flower color in 3 environments. Intensity of vacuole pigmentation in ray florets appeared to vary continuously. Evaluation was facilitated by placing plants in 7 color classes ranging from red, the most intense, through orange, an intermediate intensity, to yellow, the apparent lack of vacuole pigmentation. A simple hexaploid model with additive gene action, suggested by the 7 color classes, was inappropriate, as more than 50% of the plants in Vulcan families were red and more than 60% of the plants in Superior families were orange. Comparing evaluations of parental clones in 2 glasshouse and 2 field environments and considering data from an experiment, in which progeny first classified in the glasshouse were reevaluated in the field, revealed substantial shifts in classification. In the glasshouse, more individuals appeared in the red and orange classes, while field evaluation placed more individuals in classes adjacent to red and orange. However, the predominance of progeny in the color class of the common parent, that is, red for the Vulcan and orange for the Superior families, occurred in both glasshouse and field. Plants scored as other than red appeared in crosses between Vulcan and 3 red inbreds, suggesting that red ray petals are not conditioned by a homozygous genotype. The orange of Superior and orange progeny may be due to a single dominant gene causing mosaic-like distribution of red vacuole pigmentation over yellow plastid pigmentation. Because cloned genotypes were classified differently in diverse environments, critical genetic analysis of vacuole pigmentation will require cloned progeny and multiple-environment evaluation. 相似文献
13.
Summary An Indian hexaploid wheat var. Pb C591 has been shown to carry gene(s) for chlorophyll synthesis on chromosome 3A (Singh & Joshi, 1979). In the present study cv. Pb.C591, its monosomic 3A and diteocentrics for 3A, 3BL and 3DL of var. Chinese Spring have been used. The F2 segregation involving crosses between Pb.C591 as male, monosomic line 3A of Pb.C591 (female) and ditelocentrics 3A, 3BL and 3DL of cv. Chinese Spring as male and female respectively has been observed. It has been found that there are two dominant genes regulating chlorophyll synthesis in cv. Chinese Spring. These genes are located on chromosomes arms 3A and 3DS respectively.These chlorophyll synthetic genes must be the same which were postulated by Sears (1956, 1957) as the normal alleles of virescent gene v
2 (which was located on 3BS) on chromosomes 3A(v
1) and 3D(V
3). 相似文献
14.
Summary Fourteen cultivars, one F1-hybrid and one half-wild type (Cind) of sweet pepper were tested on resistance to glasshouse whitefly. Several mutually significant levels of resistance were found. Most resistant appeared to be California Wonder, Severka M, Korál and Yolo Wonder. During the test sweet pepper plants were infested both with whiteflies and their parasite — Encarsia formosa, which caused the blackening of whitefly puparia. The blackened puparia are easily seen, enabling an easier and more rapid evaluation of the number of puparia present. 相似文献
15.
H. J. Crofts 《Euphytica》1989,44(3):225-234
Summary An international survey of wheat breeders and scientists was conducted to determine whether there was a common understanding of the term winter wheat. Response to photoperiod was mentioned by only seven of the 30 survey respondents. It was consequently suggested that it be excluded from any definition. Response to vernalization was mentioned by 28 of the 30 respondents. However, there was considerable variation in the method of quantifying this response and the degree of response necessary for wheat to be called winter. It was concluded that the only objective and internationally consistent definition of winter wheat was a genetic definition based on the complement of Vrn genes a wheat possesses. Varieties not possessing any of the dominant Vrn alleles appear to take a distinctively longer and more variable time to head when grown under non-vernalizing, long day conditions. These are genetically winter wheats. 相似文献
16.
Summary
Lilium Black Beauty, a rare intersectional hybrid previously reported sterile, was re-examined for pollen and ovule fertility. No pollen tubes were detected following incubation of styles pollinated with Black Beauty pollen. However, embryos varying in size from small globular to long boat-shaped and only rarely associated with endosperm, were found in 0.1–1.0% of the ovules in Black Beauty pistils pollinated with Oriental or Aurelian division lilies. Aseptic extraction and culture of these embryos on a nutritive medium resulted in growth, germination, and plantlets. It is apparent that with embryo culture, Black Beauty has unique value as a species bridge in that it accepts pollen of both Oriental and Aurelian lilies, two of the major commercial lily divisions.Scientific Journal Series Paper Number 9197 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experimental Station. 相似文献
17.
Summary To determine the origin of Ogura male sterile cytoplasm in radish (Raphanus sativus L.), wild and cultivated radishes were crossed. Three types of progeny resulted from the F1 hybrids between the wild radish from Kushikino with Ogura-type mtDNA and the cultivars (Uchiki-Gensuke or Comet). The segregation patterns of the male sterility were compared with those of Ogura cytoplasm. The male sterility induced in the F1 hybrid was maintained by crossing with Uchiki-Gensuke, that maintains Ogura male sterility. In the two types of progeny, in which Comet (a restorer of Ogura cytoplasm) was used as one of the parents, both fertile and sterile plants segregated at the predicted ratio on the assumption that a single dominant fertility restoring gene exists in the restorer. From these results, we concluded that the Ogura cytoplasm is identical to that of the wild radish, and the former originated in a population of Japanese wild radish. 相似文献
18.
S. Tokumasu 《Euphytica》1976,25(1):151-159
Summary Anther development of male-fertile and male-sterile plants in Pelargonium crispum was anatomically examined. Three cultivars, i.e., Lemon crispum, Crispum minor and Prince Rupert, were used. Lemon crispum and Crispum minor are male-fertile, whereas Prince Rupert is male-sterile. The tapetum in every cultivar examined behaved like an amoeba. The tapetal cells of the anther form plasmodial masses. Then, the plasmodial masses fuse producing a periplasmodium. The periplasmodium degenerates and finally disappears. There are no differences in tapetal behaviour between fertile and sterile anthers. In the sterile anthers the endothecium and lip cells do not develop sufficiently. Young microspores show normal growth at early stages. After the completion of their cell wall formation, however, the microspores in the sterile anthers lose their cytoplasm and become empty. On the other hand, the microspores in the fertile anthers increase the volume of their cytoplasm and become fertile pollen grains. 相似文献
19.
Summary The cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile line, Krishna-A with Kalinga-I cytoplasm was developed in rice through repeated backcrossing the completely pollen sterile F1 of the cross Kalinga-I/Krishna with the recurrent male parent cv. Krishna. The germination percentage and root-shoot length in Krishna-A at 12°C and 9°C indicated a higher degree of tolerance to low temperature than the cold tolerant female parent Kalinga-I. The high yielding cold tolerant variety Kalinga-I was developed from a cross involving the cold tolerant variety Dunghansali and the high yielding variety IR 8. It is inferred that tolerance to low temperature during germination in Krishna-A was inherited from the cytoplasm of cv. Dunghansali through Kalinga-I besides male sterility. The cytoplasmic control of cold tolerance is reported here for the first time in rice literature. The male sterile line Krishna-A because of its tolerance to low temperature would be suitable for the development of hybrid rice especially for areas where low temperature is a problem during germination. 相似文献
20.
Summary The contorted hazelnut, Corylus avellana L. f. contorta (Bean) Rehder, is an ornamental tree prized for its twisted trunk and branches. Crosses of normal growth habit cultivars and Contorta, as it is commonly called, produced all normal growth habit seedlings. Sib matings of these normal seedlings of Contorta produced offspring in the ratio of 3 normal: 1 contorted, while backcrosses to Contorta segregated 1 normal: 1 contorted. These segregation ratios indicate control of contorted growth by a single recessive gene for which we propose the name twisted and the symbol tw. Progenies segregating simultaneously for growth habit and leaf anthocyanin indicated that the two loci are independent. 相似文献