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1.
As a result of inadequate veterinary services and indiscriminate slaughter of animals in most Nigerian abattoirs, pregnant
animals are often slaughtered resulting in wastage of scarce protein made available to the people. To this end, an evaluation
of the volume of pregnant cows slaughtered at some abattoirs in Southwestern Nigeria between 2005 and 2007 based on meat inspection
records was carried out with a view to determining the level of fetal wastage in this part of the country. A total of 321,448
cows were slaughtered, out of which, 16,092 (5.01%) were pregnant. The fetal wastages across the four seasons of the study
period were statistically significant (P < 0.05); the late dry season showing the highest percentage. There was a downward trend across the years, and this was considerably
lower in 2007 than the other 2 years which were not statistically different from each other (X
A2005 = 224.33; X
A2006 = 216.38; X
B2007 = 126.38). Our results indicated a considerable level of slaughtering of pregnant cows in the abattoirs studied. Hence, we
advocate stepping up routine veterinary checks and interventions among trade animals in order to salvage the high level of
fetal wastage in the region and the country at large. 相似文献
2.
Alawa Clement B. I. Etukudo-Joseph I. Alawa Judith N. 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):127-131
A 6-year retrospective study (2000–2005) of animals slaughtered at the Zango abattoir in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria was
carried out to determine disease conditions encountered in slaughtered animals. Records kept at the abattoir were analysed.
A total of 69,307 cattle, 3,820 goats and 1,763 sheep were slaughtered for the period under study. Of the 69,307 cattle slaughtered
for the period, 22,459 (32.41%) were males and 46,848 (67.59%) were females, while 1,763 sheep were slaughtered comprising
of 506 (28.70%) males and 1,257 (71.30%) females, and 3,820 goats made up of 1,212 (31.73%) males and 2,608 (68.27%) were
females. The major disease and/or pathological conditions were helminthosis (fascioliasis, haemonchosis and paramphistomosis)
16.20%, Streptothricosis 4.15%, Pericarditis 2.20%, liver cirrhosis 2.08%, abscesses 1.04%, pneumonia 0.14%, nephritis 0.05%
and Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia, Tuberculosis and Nocardiosis 0.01% each. Out of the 15,075 infected organs, 13,314
(88.38%) were partially salvaged while 1,751 (11.6%) whole organs were condemned. A total of 1,239 pregnant cows, 221 pregnant
ewes and 637 pregnant does were slaughtered, representing a foetal wastage of 2.65% for cattle, 17.58% for sheep and 24.43%
for goats. The result of this study apart from serving as an indicator of field disease condition also demonstrates cases
of serious losses in production due to slaughter of pregnant animals especially for sheep and goats. 相似文献
3.
Conception of Jersey cattle in Turkey 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
To determine the effects of insemination season (IS; dry: May through October and rainy: November through April), lactation
number (LN; heifers, primiparous or multiparous) and their interaction on non-return rate (NRR), conception rate (CR) to first-service
and pregnancy loss (PL) of Jersey cattle in Turkey, over 1468 lactation records from 510 Jersey dairy cows were used. There
was an interaction between LN × IS on NRR, CR to first-service (p < 0.01) and PL (p < 0.05). The NRR and CR to first-service of heifers inseminated during dry season and of primiparous inseminated during rainy
season were higher (p < 0.01) than that of multiparous inseminated during both season. The NRR and CR of heifers and primiparous were higher (p < 0.05) than that of multiparous cows. The insemination of heifers during rainy season and of primiparous and multiparous
during dry season increased (p < 0.01) the PL compared to the inseminations of heifers during dry season and of primiparous during rainy season. The PL
was lower (p < 0.05) in primiparous than multiparous cows. The results demonstrate that the heifers have high fertility than the lactating,
especially multiparous and that IS appeared to have a measurable impact on traits relating to conception of Jersey cattle
in the each LN. 相似文献
4.
R. J. A. Escrivão E. C. Webb A. P. J. T. Garcês 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(1):135-139
Fifty-two multiparous Brahman type cows with reproductive tract scoring (RTS) ≥4 at 45 days post-partum were randomly assigned
to two groups of 26 cows each separated into an ad libitum suckling group (C) and treatment group (T). Calves in the T group were separated for 12 h during the night from 45 days post-partum
to the onset of the breeding season. Body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW) were recorded 45 days post-partum, at
the start of the breeding season, and at pregnancy diagnosis. Calves were weighed at calving and weaning. Weaning weights
were corrected to 205 days. BW and BCS at the onset of the breeding season were similar (p > 0.05) between the experimental
groups. Calving to breeding intervals were 93 ± 18 d and 99 ± 22 d for T and C groups, respectively. Calving to conception
intervals differed significantly between the groups (111 ± 10 d for T and 133 ± 19 d for C) and a similar result was obtained
for the breeding to conception intervals (18 ± 15 d for T and 31 ± 19 d for C). Conception rates were 80% for the T group
and 59% for the C group, which correlated better with BW than BCS at the onset of the breeding season. Weaning weights differed
(p < 0.05) between C and T groups. From 45 days post-partum to the onset of the breeding season, cows in the T group experienced
a positive energy balance (3%) while those in the C group had a negative energy balance (-0.1%). It was concluded that 12 h
calf separation at night increases the conception rates and improves the calf weaning weights of Bos indicus beef cattle under extensive production systems in sub-tropical conditions. 相似文献
5.
Factors influencing reproductive performance of cows from different Nguni ecotypes in southern Mozambique 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Maciel SM Amimo J Martins M Mwai AO Scholtz MM Neser FW 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):435-444
The objective of this study was to assess the reproductive performance of two Nguni ecotypes (Nguni and Landim) raised in
a subtropical environment to enhance strategies for livestock development and restocking programmes within the southern African
region. Reproduction data collected between 1996 and 2009 from 365 cows of the Landim and Nguni ecotypes were analysed. From
the results, ecotype, place of birth, year and season of birth/calving had significant effects on age at first calving (AFC)
and calving interval (CI). Overall means for AFC and CI were 1,071 ± 166 days and 432 ± 85 days, respectively, while average
calving rate was 88.0 ± 4.7%. Heifers born in the dry season had lower AFC than heifers born in the wet season. Heifers born
at Impaputo Breeding Center were the youngest at first calving, followed by the South African born ones. Heifers of the Landim
ecotype also calved younger than heifers of the Nguni ecotype. CI was shorter in wet seasons (main breeding seasons) than
in dry seasons. Interaction between ecotype and year–season (p < 0.005) showed that, in wet and dry seasons, Nguni cows had shorter CI than the Landim. This study demonstrates for the
first time a possible genotype-by-environment interaction between Nguni ecotypes. This might aid future cattle development
and restocking programmes in southern Africa taking into consideration the adaptation of indigenous genotypes and climate
change. 相似文献
6.
Thuranira-McKeever Christine Shaw Alexandra Machila Noreen Eisler Mark Welburn Susan Maudlin Ian 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):705-717
Although seasonality is recognised as an important part of agricultural-based livelihoods, limited literature is available
on the subject area, and it is often only alluded to in discussion of other aspects of rural livelihoods. A 2-year longitudinal
study to examine the influences of seasonal changes on livestock keeping in a smallholder crop–livestock production system
was carried out in Busia District, western Kenya. The study aimed to obtain a picture of yearly variations in household activities
and resources, as a means of understanding decisions made by households regarding animal health management, and household
times of vulnerability in terms of losing animals. Data collection coincided with the three main seasons in the study area.
Information on (inter alia) seasonal livelihood activities, animal health care expenses, numbers of disease episodes and livestock
movements into and out of households was collected using questionnaires and participatory rural appraisal methodologies. Farmers
suggested clear and consistent seasonal changes and events, but data analyses did not show the patterns expected in relation
to livestock keeping. Important observations were made in relation to livestock disease episodes and the use of veterinary
services; livestock disease episodes were higher during the long rains than in the dry season, but more money was spent during
the dry season when numbers of disease episodes were low, and more households also used professional veterinary services during
this season (χ
2 = 81.47, P < 0.001). In both study years, a higher proportion of households treated animals themselves during the rainy seasons (z = −2.4, P = 0.02; z = −5.03, P < 0.001). 相似文献
7.
Segura-Correa José C. Segura-Correa Victor M. 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(8):1773-1778
Prenatal mortality is an important cause of production losses in the livestock industry. This study estimates the prevalences
of abortion and stillbirth in a beef cattle system and determines the significance of some risk factors, in the tropics of
Mexico. Data were obtained from a Zebu cattle herd and their crosses with Bos taurus breeds, in Yucatan, Mexico. The logit of the probability of an abortion or stillbirth was modeled using binary logistic regression.
The risk factors tested were: year of abortion (or calving), season of abortion (or calving), parity number and dam breed
group. The effect of twins on stillbirth was tested using Fisher exact test. Of the 4175 calvings studied 49 were abortions
(1.17%). Significant factors in the logistic regression analysis for abortions were season of abortion and parity number.
The risk of abortion was lower in the dry seasons compared to the rainy and windy seasons (P = 0.009). The risk of abortion
was higher in second parity cows followed by the third and first parity cows, as compared to older cows (P = 0.015). Of the
4126 births, 87 were stillbirths (2.11%). Significant factors in the logistic regression analysis for stillbirth were year
of calving (P = 0.0001) and parity number (P < 0.001). The risk of stillbirth in first parity cows was 2.6 times that of old
cows. Of the total births, 15 were twins (0.36%) of which 7 were born dead calves. Herd owners must focus on the significant
risk factors under their control to reduce the prevalence of prenatal mortality. 相似文献
8.
The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis of wave pattern of follicular growth and to monitor the ovarian follicular
dynamic in Iraqi buffalo cows. Reproductive tracts were collected at random intervals slaughtered at Mosul abattoir. According
to morphological appearance of the corpus luteum, the estrous cycle was divided into four stages. The number of subordinate
follicle (<5 mm in diameter) was higher during stage 1 (metestrous) and stage (proestrous and estrous) than during other stages
of the estrous cycles, 13.5 ± 6.08 and 4 9.41 ± 3.94, respectively. There were fewer follicles (5–8 mm in diameter) during
early diestrous and proestrous, 1.66 ± 1.42 and estrous, 0.69 ± 0.47 than during metestrous, 4.53 ± 3.23 and late diestrous,
3.66 ± 2.23. Follicles > 8–12 mm in diameter were more numerous during early diestrous, 1.62 ± 1.29 and late diestrous, 1.03 ± 0.72.
A total 38 (64.6%; 82/127) animals examined showed follicles larger than 8 mm during early and late diestrous (stage 2 and
stage 3). This indicated that these buffaloes developed two follicular waves in their cycle. Buffaloes did not show follicles
larger than 8 mm during early and late diestrous were 45 animals (35.4%; 45/127), but all of these presented one large follicle
during the following stage. These buffaloes develop only one follicular wave in their cycle. It could be concluded that, 64.6%
of Iraqi buffalo cows develop two patterns of follicular waves, and 35.4% showed one wave of follicular dynamics. 相似文献
9.
The purpose of this study was conducted to evaluate the use of a system of timed artificial insemination (TAI) and early diagnosis
of pregnancy in Nelore beef cows in order to reduce the breeding season (BS) from 150 to 90 days and analyze the factors affecting
the conception rate of cows selected for TAI. The study included 110 Nelore cows belonging to the Experimental Farm Capim
Branco, Brazil. The body condition scores (BCS) were evaluated, and those above 2.50 were included in the TAI protocol. Five
groups of cows were formed at intervals of 21 days postpartum and then commenced a 9-day progesterone protocol. Progesterone
devices were used three times. Statistical analysis of binary variables was performed by logistic regression in the program
Proc Logistic of Sas. A 5% of significance (P < 0.05) was used to determine the presence of statistical differences and the effect of independent variables on conception
rate. The TAI and early diagnosis of pregnancy reduces the BS from 150 to 90 days without changing the pregnancy rate. The
conception rate was not affected by the presence of the calf (P > 0.05), the corpus luteum (P > 0.05), the BCS (P > 0.05), or the number of reuses of the intravaginal progesterone device (P > 0.05). Therefore, this technique is beneficial for breeding Nelore beef cattle and can be used in anestrous cows with a
BCS above 2.50. Additionally, the progesterone devices can be reused to reduce the cost of the protocol without compromising
the results. 相似文献
10.
A 3-year (2005–2007) retrospective study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in cattle
and shoats (sheep and goats) slaughtered at Arusha municipal abattoir, Tanzania. A total of 115186 cattle and 99401 shoats
were slaughtered. Cattle liver, lungs, spleen and heart condemnation rate was 16.35%, 13.04%, 2.09% and 3.06% respectively
while 17.63%, 7.63%, 0.38% and 0.04% of shoats’ liver, lungs, spleen and heart respectively were condemned. A highly significant
(p < 0.001) cystic echinococcosis (CE) infection rate was recorded in shoats (6.02%) than in cattle (4.2%) probably because
of differences in grazing patterns. Cattle lungs were more affected by CE (22.5%) than liver (19.7%) while shoats liver were
found to be more affacted (21%) than the lungs (19.3). A significant (p < 0.001) higher CE infection rate was observed in
cattle spleen (15.5%) than shoats (9.7%). There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference between condemnation rates due to
hydatidosis during rain and dry seasons probably because of chronicity of the disease. The study have established that CE
is prevalent in animals slaughtered at Arusha abattoir and causes higher condemnation rates of edible offals. This merit for
more extensive epidemiological investigations to better determine the prevalence, economic impact and public health importance
of the disease in the region. 相似文献
11.
P. W. Ladds M.V.Sc. Ph.D. P. M. Summers B.V.Sc. M.Sc. J. D. Humphrey B.V.Sc. M.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1975,51(10):472-477
A total of 7495 postpuberal beef cows from herds in north Queensland and the Northern Territory were examined at abattoirs to define the extent of wastage due to the slaughter of pregnant cows. On the basis of examination of teeth most cows (57%) were considered mature (approximately 3.5 to 7 years) at slaughter; 14% were young (9 months to 3.5 years) and 29% were old (over 7 years). In herds where pregnancy diagnosis by rectal examination had not been used at time of culling, 71.6% of slaughtered cows were pregnant and 42% of these cows were in the second trimester. This high pregnancy rate was considered an important source of herd wastage. Pregnancy rate varied little with season, but the highest percentages of cows pregnant in the first and third trimesters were recorded in autumn and spring, respectively. Most cows found non-pregnant had active ovaries at time of slaughter. Anoestrus was observed to be most common in winter and in old cows. Lactational status was not recorded. Mean cold carcase weight of 4229 cows was 161 +/- 40 kg. Maximum carcase weight was observed in cows slaughtered at 4 to 6 years of age; old cows had the lowest carcase weight (147 +/- 31 kg) of the age groups considered. Highest (170 +/- 43 kg) and lowest (135 +/- 41 kg) carcase weights in relation to pregnancy or ovarian status were observed in non-pregnant/ovary-active and non-pregnant/anoestrus cows respectively. Carcase weight of cows in the third trimester (165 +/- 35 kg) was greater than in the second (161 +/- 35 kg) or first (157 +/- 36 kg) trimesters; difference between the first and third trimesters was significant (P less than 0.01). 相似文献
12.
Simeon I. B. Cadmus Mohammed K. Yakubu Abdullahi A. Magaji Akinbowale O. Jenkins Dick van Soolingen 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1047-1048
Using deletion typing technique, five mycobacteria isolated from unpasteurised milk samples from cows in north-central Nigeria
were characterized as Mycobacterium bovis (n = 4) and M. africanum (n = 1). This report emphasizes that transmission between the animal and human reservoir is a serious threat in Nigeria. 相似文献
13.
Dystocia in Friesian cows and its effects on postpartum reproductive performance and milk production
Gaafar H. M. A. Shamiah Sh. M. El-Hamd M. A. Abu Shitta A. A. El-Din M. A. Tag 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):229-234
A total of 1,243 records for 585 dairy Friesian cows from 1997–2004 were used to study the factors affecting dystocia and
its effects on reproductive performance and milk production. The overall incidence of dystocia was 6.9%. The percentage of
dystocia decreased with increasing live body weight, age, and parity of cows (P < 0.05); however, it increased with increasing birth weight of calves (P < 0.05). The highest percentage of dystocia was detected in winter season, but the least percentage was in summer season
(P < 0.05). The percentage of incidence of dystocia was significantly (P < 0.05) higher with winter feeding compared to summer ration (8.2% vs. 5.1%). The percentage of incidence of dystocia was
significantly (P < 0.05) higher with twinning than single calving (15.5% vs. 6.5%), while not significantly affected by the sex of born calves.
Incidence of dystocia had adverse effects on reproductive performance and milk yield. The service interval, service period,
days open, and calving interval were significantly (P < 0.05) longer in cows afflicted with dystocia compared to normal cows. The conception rate was lower (P < 0.05), but the number of service per conception was higher (P < 0.05) in cows afflicted with dystocia compared to normal cows (60.5% vs. 73.0% and 3.4 vs. 2.7, respectively). Average
daily milk yield was lower (P < 0.05) by 1 kg for cows with incidence of dystocia compared to normal cows. 相似文献
14.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between cow-specific risk factors and the lactational incidence
risks of retained placenta (RP), metritis (MET) and clinical mastitis (CM) in 57,301 dairy cows on 20 large dairy herds in
Iran between January 2005 and June 2009. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors for MET,
RP and CM and quantify their odds ratio (OR). The lactational incidences of MET, RP and CM were 8%, 5.2% and 18.9%, respectively,
and significant risk factors for MET were dystocia (OR = 4.32), stillbirth (OR = 6.26), RP (OR = 27.74), twin births (OR = 6.57),
primiparity (OR = 1.68), calving during winter season (OR = 2.45) and male calves (OR = 2.41). Significant risk factors for
RP were dystocia (OR = 3.17), stillbirth (OR = 3.18), abortion (OR = 8.46), milk fever (OR = 3.66), twin births (OR = 2.76),
pluriparity (OR = 2.69), calving during winter season (OR = 1.86) and shorter gestation length of dairy cows (OR = 3.82).
Also, significant risk factors for CM were RP (OR = 9.45), milk fever (OR = 12.36), pluriparity (OR = 2.83), calving during
winter season (OR = 1.68) and the first months of lactation (P < 0.001)) and SCC concentrations at previous lactation (OR = 1.82). The current study indicates that differentiation can
be made among cows in the risk of having MET, RP and CM based on a combination of cow factors. These differences among cows
could be useful to aid the better detection of these diseases in the dairy herds. 相似文献
15.
Aly Mohamed Karen Samy Darwish Adel Ramoun Khalid Tawfeek Nguyen Van Hanh Noelita Melo de Sousa Jose Sulon Otto Szenci Jean-Francios Beckers 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):5-7
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of transrectal palpation (TRP) for diagnosing early pregnancy in
buffaloes and the false diagnoses of the TRP test by using the pregnancy-associated glycoprotein radioimmunoassay (PAG-RIA)
test. Pregnancy was diagnosed in 168 buffalo–cows once by TRP and PAG-RIA test between days 31 and 55 after breeding. The
sensitivity of TRP for detecting pregnant buffalo–cows was 37.5% at days 31–35, increased to 93.8% at days 46–50 and reached
100% at days 51–55 (P < 0.01). All cases of false negative diagnoses (n = 10) had PAG concentration higher than the threshold (≥1.8 ng/mL) for diagnosing pregnancy. The specificity of TRP for detecting
non-pregnant buffalo cows ranged between 90.9%, and 100% between days 31 and 55. All cases of false positive diagnoses (n = 5) made by TRP had PAG concentrations lower than the threshold for diagnosing pregnancy. It could be concluded that TRP
is an accurate method for diagnosing pregnant and non-pregnant buffalo cows from day 46 after breeding. 相似文献
16.
Chávez D Maquivar M Galina CS Galindo J Molina R Molina-Montero R Estrada S 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(5):393-400
Fifty-eight nursing Zebu cows averaging 5922 days postpartum were used to evaluate the early embryonic development by ultrasound
under a natural mating system (bulls A to F). Three consecutive mating periods of 21 days were established. Sixty two percent
of the animals were diagnosed as pregnant (36/58). During the first period (AB) 76% (27/36) of the animals become pregnant,
17% (6/36) during the second (CD) and 9% (3/36) in the last mating period (EF). Sixty two percent of the animals were true
positives (animals found pregnant diagnosed by ultrasound (US), and conforming with the embryonic scale proposed by Rosiles
et al. (2006); 12% (n = 7) of false negatives (pregnant cows by US but not conforming with the scale); 2% (n = 1) of false
positives (pregnant cows, evaluated with US and conforming with the embryonic scale but not pregnant at the end of the study);
and a 26% (n = 15) of true negatives (not pregnancy evaluated with US). The sensitivity of the test was 97%, with a specificity
of 68% with a positive predictive value of 83% and a negative predictive value of 6%. Relation between the measuring scale
of embryo development and the results obtained by ultrasonography was k = 0.69. No significant correlation were observed between body condition score (BCS) evaluation and body fat (BF) measurement
at any of the three evaluations performed after mating, however, measurements of BCS and BF among time showed a positive correlation
(0.48 P < 0.05, 0.29, P < 0.07, respectively) from the beginning of the evaluation period to the end of the trial. Ultrasonography
to monitor embryonic development to determine the early establishment of pregnancy in natural mating reproductive programs
can be a valuable technique to monitor reproductive efficiency. 相似文献
17.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an important zoonosis affecting a wide range of hosts. An abattoir study was conducted on 1,536 randomly
selected male goats slaughtered at Modjo Modern Export Abattoir to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis in slaughtered
goats. Carcasses and organs of all the study animals were first examined by routine meat inspection followed by detailed meat
inspection. Samples from tuberculous lesions were cultured for mycobacterial isolation and identification. Histopathology
was done on 31 samples with tuberculous lesions. Detailed meat inspection detected 65 (4.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.3–5.4%)
tuberculous lesions. From these, 20 (30.8%) samples were confirmed mycobacterium positive on culture, out of which 18 were
Mycobacterium bovis and two were Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Routine meat inspection failed to detect tuberculous lesions in 23% of carcasses with TB lesions detected by detailed examination.
However, no statistically significant difference was observed between both methods in detecting tuberculous lesions (Kappa = 0.87).
Origin and age of the goats did not statistically affect the disease prevalence (P > 0.05). Histopathologic lesions were observed in 21 samples (68%; 95% CI = 50.1–81.4%) out of the 31 carcasses with gross
tuberculous lesions examined by histopathology. Eighteen (58%) tuberculous samples positive for histopathology were also culture
positive. The sensitivity and specificity of histopathology were 90% (95% CI = 76.9–100%) and 72.7% (95% CI = 46.4–99%), respectively,
using culture as a reference test. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of caprine tuberculosis from Ethiopia.
Further studies are required at the farm level to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis in the general goat population. 相似文献
18.
A. Harouna M. Zecchini C. Locatelli L. Scaccabarozzi C. Cattaneo A. Amadou V. Bronzo H. Marichatou P. J. Boettcher M. G. Zanoni L. Alborali P. Moroni 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(5):705-710
The prevalence of intra-mammary infections in dairy herds was studied in Hamdallaye, Niger. A total of 956 milk samples were
collected in 2007 from 239 lactating cows of four local breeds in eight traditional herds; the first sampling was undertaken
in the dry season at morning milking, and the second in the rainy season at evening milking. Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) and environmental microorganisms were detected in significantly (p < 0.05) more samples in the
rainy season, 55.2%, than in the dry season, 27.1%. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences in prevalence were observed
among herds and according to lactation number. Infections were assigned to four classes, according to the major pathogen,
and the respective mean somatic cell counts during the dry season were: S. aureus, 775 × 103 cells/ml; CNS, 447 × 103 cells/ml; environmental microorganisms, 407 × 103 cells/ml; and non-infected, 262 × 103 cells/ml. Most of the tested strains were sensitive to antibiotics, and selected strains of S. aureus (n = 15) were negative to the multiplex PCR tests for production of enterotoxins. 相似文献
19.
Hernández-Ortega M Heredia-Nava D Espinoza-Ortega A Sánchez-Vera E Arriaga-Jordán CM 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(5):947-954
The objective was to determine the effect of including silages of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) intercropped with winter vetch (Vicia villosa) (ARG-VV) or with common vetch (Vicia sativa) (ARG-VS) compared with maize silage (MS) on milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows grazing cultivated perennial ryegrass–white
clover pastures with supplemented concentrate during the dry season. Six Holstein dairy cows with a mean yield of 19.0 kg/cow/day
at the beginning of the experiment were randomly assigned to a 3 × 3 repeated Latin square. Treatments were: 8 h/day intensive
grazing, 3.6 kg of dry matter (DM) per cow per day of concentrate plus MS, and ARG-VV or ARG-VS ad libitum at a stocking rate
of 3.0 cows/ha for three experimental periods of 3 weeks each. Milk yield (MY) and milk composition, live weight and body
condition score as well as silage and concentrate intakes were recorded during the third week of each experimental period,
and pasture intake was estimated indirectly from utilised metabolisable energy. Economic analysis was obtained by preparing
partial budgets. There were no statistical differences (P > 0.10) in MY, milk fat or protein content nor for live weight, but there was significant difference (P < 0.10) in body condition score. There were non-statistical differences in silage DM intake (P < 0.11); however, significant differences (P < 0.10) were obtained for estimated grazed herbage intake whilst no differences for total DM intake. Slightly higher economic
returns (10%) were obtained with ARG-VS over MS, and this was 7% higher than ARG-VV. It is concluded that ARG-VS could be
an option for complementing grazing for small-scale dairy production systems in the dry season as it is comparable to MS in
animal performance and slightly better in economic terms. 相似文献
20.
Cattle cruelty and risks of meat contamination at Akinyele cattle market and slaughter slab in Oyo State,Nigeria 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Olanike K. Adeyemo Isaac G. Adeyemi Emmanuel J. Awosanya 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(8):1715-1721
Cattle transported to the government-run cattle market and slaughter slab in Akinyele, Oyo State, Nigeria on their final voyage
are facing a disturbingly cruel, filthy and unsafe environment that is also raising the risk of contamination of meat sold
for human consumption. This report gives a picture of what the cattle have to go through before they are slaughtered. This
study also reveals cattle awaiting slaughter in abysmal health conditions, cows pulled with extreme force towards lairage
and slaughter slab. Equally disturbing is the filthy situation inside the abattoir where the risk of contamination of meat
is significant. Also, poor meat handling, transportation and sales practices subject meat to contamination leading to poor
quality and exposure of human consumers to health risk. Development of hygienic slaughter slab operations, improved transportation
system for both livestock and meat is therefore recommended; not only for Akinyele, but all abattoirs and slaughter slabs
in Nigeria. 相似文献