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1.
A 3 year old Boxer dog was presented with a history of syncope and an irregular heart heat. An arrhythmia characterised by ventricular premature contractions was detected and was thought to cause the syncopal episodes. On the basis of the age, breed and the characteristic electrocardiographic findings, a diagnosis of Boxer Cardiomyopathy was made. The dog was treated with procainamide 500 mg every 8 hours to control the arrythmia and there were no further syncopal episodes in the subsequent 13 months.  相似文献   

2.
A 3 year old Boxer dog was presented with a history of syncope and an irregular heart heat. An arrhythmia characterised by ventricular premature contractions was detected and was thought to cause the syncopal episodes. On the basis of the age, breed and the characteristic electrocardiographic findings, a diagnosis of Boxer Cardiomyopathy was made. The dog was treated with procainamide 500 mg every 8 hours to control the arrythmia and there were no further syncopal episodes in the subsequent 13 months.  相似文献   

3.
Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate whether implantable loop recorders could be used in the diagnosis of unexplained collapse in dogs. Methods : The medical records of six dogs presented to the University of Liverpool Small Animal Teaching Hospital between May 2003 and October 2006 for further evaluation of intermittent syncopal episodes, collapse or episodic weakness, were reviewed. All these dogs underwent standard investigations and had implantable loop recorders placed. Results : A provisional diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia was made in one dog, and diagnoses of exclusion of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and idiopathic epilepsy was made in two dogs. One dog suffered no further syncopal episodes, a diagnosis was not reached in another dog and the final dog was lost to follow‐up. Clinical Significance : The implantable loop recorder can be used successfully for the diagnosis of unexplained collapse in dogs.  相似文献   

4.
This case report describes transient atrioventricular block as the etiology for syncopal events in a 6-year-old male German shepherd dog with atrial fibrillation and dilated cardiomyopathy. The arrhythmia diagnosis was obtained via Holter monitoring. Medical treatment with a sustained-release preparation of theophylline, as an additive to the standard congestive heart failure treatment (benazepril, furosemide and pimobendan) may have contributed to temporary remission of the syncopal events. However, the congestive heart failure progressed and the dog was euthanized. Veterinarians should be aware of the possibility of transient atrioventricular block causing syncope in dogs with DCM and AF and should be careful in empirically lowering the ventricular response rate if these dogs present with syncopal episodes.  相似文献   

5.
Cardiac fibrosarcoma in a dog   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
A cardiac fibrosarcoma involving the right ventricular free wall, the interatrial septum, and proximal portion of the interventricular septum, with a 2-cm diameter protrusion into the right atrial lumen, was found at necropsy of a 2-year-old Miniature Schnauzer. Severe distortion of the tricuspid valve and narrowing of the aortic and pulmonic outflow tracts had caused the dog to develop right-sided cardiac failure and to have syncopal episodes. A tentative antemortem diagnosis of congenital pulmonic stenosis had been made on the basis of results of physical examination and diagnostic work-up. Evaluation of the case exemplifies the difficulty encountered in diagnosing cardiac tumors before the patient's death.  相似文献   

6.
Carotid body tumours were diagnosed in two British Bulldogs that each had a history of syncopal episodes induced by eating, drinking or pulling on the leash. In both dogs, a cervical mass was identified using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging, with carotid body tumour (CBT) being the histopathological diagnosis. A heart base mass was also identified in one dog by both CT and echocardiography. Swallowing syncope has been reported in the human literature in association with cervical mass lesions, but this is the first report in dogs. The present cases emphasise the value of advanced imaging of the head and neck in dogs presenting with clinical signs of syncope associated with swallowing and the importance of careful manipulation of the neck in patients with CBTs.  相似文献   

7.
A 10-year old male mongrel dog was presented to the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a two-month history of episodic syncope. Twenty-four hr Holter electrocardiographic (ECG) recording revealed frequent episodes of advanced atrioventriculer block with long periods of ventricular asystole. The cause of syncope was determined to be Adams-Stokes syndrome exhibited bradyarrhythmia. After the animal failed to respond to medical therapy, permanent transvenous pacemaker implantation was performed. Postoperative Holter ECG showed 100 beat per min programmed pacemaker rhythm, which indicated successful capture of the artificial pacing. The dog recovered smoothly from the operation and syncopal episodes completely disappeared. Six months after the surgery, no complications were observed and the dog's quality of life has dramatically improved.  相似文献   

8.
A 4-year-old male castrated English bulldog was referred to the Atlantic Veterinary College for evaluation of exercise intolerance, multiple syncopal episodes, and a grade IV/VI heart murmur. The dog was shown to have 3 congenital cardiac anomalies: atrial septal defect, mitral valve dysplasia, and subaortic stenosis. Medical management consisted of exercise restriction, atenolol, pimobendan, and taurine.  相似文献   

9.
A nine-year-old dog was presented with sudden-onset ascites and a history of two previous syncopal episodes. Diagnostic tests pointed to a Budd-Chiari-like syndrome, with obstruction of the caudal vena cava between the liver and heart. The ascites was refractory to treatment and the dog was euthanased. On postmortem examination, a phaeochromocytoma of the left adrenal gland was present, with contiguous invasions into the caudal vena cava, extending cranially as far as the cavoatrial junction. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a Budd-Chiari-like syndrome associated with a phaeochromocytoma in a dog.  相似文献   

10.
BACKGROUND: Syncope is a recognized problem in Boxers and often is the result of rapid ventricular tachycardia (VT). Affected dogs may have echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy, but frequently have normal echocardiograms. Although VT is probably the most common cause of syncope in Boxers, neurocardiogenic bradycardia can also occur. OBJECTIVE: We describe 7 Boxers with comorbid VT and neurocardiogenic bradycardia, wherein the syncope was secondary to bradycardia rather than VT. ANIMALS: Seven Boxers were selected from a larger population of Boxers with Holter-documented VT because these dogs had documented bradycardia at the time of syncope. METHODS: Retrospective study. RESULTS: Although all dogs had Holter-documented VT, the etiology of the syncopal episodes was consistent with neurocardiogenic bradycardia. CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Neurocardiogenic bradycardia or VT can occur as isolated problems in Boxers. In some Boxers, VT and potential or manifest neurocardiogenic bradycardia coexist. The administration of a beta-blocker or sotalol to such dogs can aggravate or precipitate neurocardiogenic bradycardia-related syncope.  相似文献   

11.
Background: Syncope is a recognized problem in Boxers and often is the result of rapid ventricular tachycardia (VT). Affected dogs may have echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy, but frequently have normal echocardiograms. Although VT is probably the most common cause of syncope in Boxers, neurocardiogenic bradycardia can also occur.
Objective: We describe 7 Boxers with comorbid VT and neurocardiogenic bradycardia, wherein the syncope was secondary to bradycardia rather than VT.
Animals: Seven Boxers were selected from a larger population of Boxers with Holter-documented VT because these dogs had documented bradycardia at the time of syncope.
Methods: Retrospective study.
Results: Although all dogs had Holter-documented VT, the etiology of the syncopal episodes was consistent with neurocardiogenic bradycardia.
Clinical Importance: Neurocardiogenic bradycardia or VT can occur as isolated problems in Boxers. In some Boxers, VT and potential or manifest neurocardiogenic bradycardia coexist. The administration of a β-blocker or sotalol to such dogs can aggravate or precipitate neurocardiogenic bradycardia-related syncope.  相似文献   

12.
Sixty-two dogs with laryngeal paralysis were presented over a three year period. Presenting clinical signs included inspiratory stridor (100 per cent), exercise intolerance or syncopal episodes (81 per cent), loss or alteration in phonation (48 per cent) and coughing or gagging when eating (29 per cent). Causes of the paralysis were determined as traumatic (two dogs), neoplastic (two dogs), iatrogenic (two dogs), congenital (one dog) and idiopathic (55 dogs). Unilateral arytenoid lateralisation was performed in all dogs. The perioperative complication rate was approximately 10 per cent, while the success rate as judged by owners one year postoperatively was greater than 90 per cent. The technique avoided many of the recorded complications of intralaryngeal surgery. Operative times were short and the requirement for postoperative monitoring was minimal. Increasing familiarity with the technique favourably influenced the incidence of complications and the success rate.  相似文献   

13.
The objective of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the clinical utility of ambulatory (Holter) electrocardiographic monitoring in syncopal dogs and to compare the Holter recording with the clinic electrocardiogram (ECG) in these animals. Fifty Holter reports and 44 medical records from 44 dogs were evaluated. A syncopcal episode occurred during monitoring in 24% of the recordings. No obvious relationship was found between the frequency of syncope occurring before Holter recording and the likelihood of a dog having an episode during recording. Holter recordings were helpful in establishing a diagnosis 42% of the time, but no relationship was detected between the frequency of episodes occurring before Holter recording and the likelihood of a diagnostically useful Holter. An arrhythmia was ruled out as the cause of syncope in 12% of the recordings and was implicated as the cause of syncope in 30% of recordings. Of these, 20% were ventricular tachyarrhythmias and 10% were bradyarrhythmias including pacemaker failure. Ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings led to a therapeutic change in 38% of cases. A comparison of the Holter recordings and clinic ECGs documented the expected increased sensitivity for Holter detection of arrhythmias. The average clinic ECG heart rate consistently exceeded the average Holter heart rate with a mean difference between the average heart rates recorded by the two techniques of 31 bpm (range -8-87 bpm).  相似文献   

14.
A nine-and-a-half-year-old dog was referred for investigation of bradycardia after being hit by a car. Electrocardiography revealed a third degree atrioventricular (AV) block. The dog died during a syncopal attack. Post mortem examination revealed an atrial septal tear with haemorrhage and myocardial degeneration affecting the AV bundle.  相似文献   

15.
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16.
OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for episodes of status epilepticus (SE) in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and determine how SE affects long-term outcome and survival time. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 32 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. PROCEDURE: Information on signalment, seizure onset, initiation of treatment, anticonvulsants administered, number of episodes of SE, overall seizure control, and long-term outcome was obtained from medical records and through telephone interviews. Differences between dogs that did and did not have episodes of SE were evaluated statistically. RESULTS: 19 (59%) dogs had 1 or more episodes of SE. Body weight was the only variable significantly different between dogs that did and did not have episodes of SE. Thirteen dogs (9 that did not have episodes of SE and 4 that did) were still alive at the time of the study and were > or = 10 years old. Six of the 19 (32%) dogs that had episodes of SE died of causes directly attributed to the seizure disorder. Mean life spans of dogs that did and did not have episodes of SE were 8.3 and 11.3 years, respectively. Survival time was significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that a substantial percentage of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy will have episodes of SE. Dogs with greater body weights were more likely to have episodes of SE, and early appropriate seizure treatment did not appear to decrease the risk that dogs would have episodes. Most dogs with idiopathic epilepsy had an expected life span, but survival time was shorter for dogs that had episodes of SE.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of 4 antiarrhythmic treatment protocols on number of ventricular premature complexes (VPC), severity of arrhythmia, heart rate (HR), and number of syncopal episodes in Boxers with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS: 49 Boxers. PROCEDURE: Dogs with > 500 VPC/24 h via 24-hour ambulatory ECG (AECG) were treated with atenolol (n = 11), procainamide (11), sotalol (16), or mexiletine and atenolol (11) for 21 to 28 days. Results of pre- and posttreatment AECG were compared with regard to number of VPC/24 h; maximum, mean, and minimum HR; severity of arrhythmia; and occurrence of syncope. RESULTS: Significant differences between pre- and posttreatment number of VPC, severity of arrhythmia, HR variables, or occurrence of syncope were not observed in dogs treated with atenolol or procainamide. Significant reductions in number of VPC, severity of arrythmia, and maximum and mean HR were observed in dogs treated with mexiletine-atenolol or sotalol; occurrence of syncope was not significantly different between these 2 treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Treatment with sotalol or mexiletine-atenolol was well tolerated and efficacious. Treatment with procainamide or atenolol was not effective.  相似文献   

18.
A 10-year-old female neutered boxer was presented with a five-week history of episodic collapse and melaena. Twenty-four-hour electrocardiograph (Holter) analysis revealed the collapsing episodes to coincide with episodes of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. Investigation of the dog's melaena revealed a gastric ulcer which was treated medically and an ileocaecal mass which was surgically excised. Histopathological examination of the mass was consistent with a neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumour. The patient's recovery after surgery was unremarkable. At six-week follow-up, there had been no further episodes of melaena or collapse and repeat Holter analysis did not show any significant abnormalities. In this dog the gastric ulceration and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia could be attributed to a paraneoplastic syndrome as a result of circulating vasoactive substances released by the tumour; this is supported by the evidence that all clinical signs resolved after surgical excision of the mass and the dog was clinically well 18 months after surgery.  相似文献   

19.
Thirteen cats from the Nelson district were presented for veterinary examination with a distinctive dermatitis characterised clinically by multiple focal nasal (bridge and planum) erosions and crusting. The syndrome occurred from mid-December to mid-March. A survey of the owners of the pets (six respondents) establish that four cats had been affected in previous years and five had multiple episodes during the summer. Pruritus was present in four and skin depigmentation was common following resolution of the acute lesions. Two cats also had crusting pinnal dermatitis.  相似文献   

20.
The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of colic in horses in Thoroughbred training premises in 1997 in the British Isles. The seasonal pattern and outcome of colic episodes were also investigated, together with any association between premises level variables and colic. Data were collected by a postal questionnaire. The results showed a colic incidence density of 7.19/100 horse years (s.e. 0.42) and a cumulative incidence of colic of 5.80% (s.e. 0.30). Premises were grouped according to whether they had more Flat than National Hunt horses (Flat premises) or more National Hunt than Flat horses (NH premises). A similar rate of colic episodes was found in each group. However, significantly higher cumulative incidences of one episode of colic were found in the Flat premises and of multiple episodes in the NH premises, respectively. The outcome of each episode of colic showed spontaneous recovery in 28.7%, medical recovery in 63.1%, surgical recovery in 2.0% and death in 6.2% of cases. This indicated an overall mortality rate from colic of 0.45 deaths/100 horse years. The seasonal pattern of episodes of colic showed a spring and autumn peak, with significant differences in the seasonal pattern between the Flat and NH premises. Relative risk analysis and logistic regression modelling with random effects showed significant associations between the number of episodes of colic and the number of horses on the premises (allowing for the number of horses on each premises, the larger premises had a decreased risk of colic). After adjusting for the number of horses, 3 other variables were associated with colic; Flat premises (with an increased risk), the owner being the sole person looking after the horses (a decreased risk) and the premises being a combined training and breeding establishment (a decreased risk).  相似文献   

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