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玉米秸发酵基质基本理化性状分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了玉米秸发酵基质的主要物理性状、颗粒组成、电导率(EC)、pH值以及氮、磷、钾含量等,并以草炭为对照进行了比较。结果表明,玉米秸发酵基质容重为0.16 g/cm~3;总孔隙度为78.5%,通气孔隙度为34.3%,持水孔隙度为44.2%;玉米秸发酵基质中大颗粒质量(直径大于2 mm)占总质量的39.9%,而小颗粒质量(直径小于0.5 mm)占24.3%;EC为3.96 mS/cm,pH值为7.76,具有较强的酸碱缓冲能力;全氮、全磷和全钾含量分别为2 241 mg/kg、1953 mg/kg和4760 mg/kg。与草炭相比,玉米秸发酵基质使用时,须降低其通气孔隙度、EC和pH,从而作为草炭的替代物,用于园艺作物的育苗和栽培。 相似文献
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分析了玉米秸发酵基质的主要物理性状、颗粒组成、电导率(EC)、pH值以及氮、磷、钾含量等,并以草炭为对照进行了比较.结果表明,玉米秸发酵基质容重为0.16 g/cm3;总孔隙度为78.5%,通气孔隙度为34.3%,持水孔隙度为44.2%;玉米秸发酵基质中大颗粒质量(直径大于2 mm)占总质量的39.9%,而小颗粒质量(直径小于0.5mm)占24.3%;EC为3.96 mS/cm,pH值为7.76,具有较强的酸碱缓冲能力;全氮、全磷和全钾含量分别为2 241 mg,kg、1 953 mg/kg和4 760 mg/kg.与草炭相比,玉米秸发酵基质使用时,须降低其通气孔隙度、EC和pH,从而作为革炭的替代物,用于园艺作物的育苗和栽培. 相似文献
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以园林废弃物为研究对象,采用高温好氧堆肥发酵技术对园林废弃物进行无害化处理,然后与底泥、泥炭、珍珠岩复配成不同育苗基质进行角堇和西洋滨菊的育苗试验,研究了堆肥手段和基质化开发对园林废弃物的影响,以期为园林废弃物探索合理的利用方式。结果表明:在添加氮素和微生物菌剂等辅料的情况下,园林废弃物好氧堆肥发酵的高温阶段维持时间为40 d,最高温度为75.4℃。堆体pH从8.05上升至9.05,EC值从0.95 mS·cm-1下降至0.63 mS·cm-1。堆肥产物有机质含量减少,总养分含量略微上升,为20.30 g·kg-1。从堆体颜色、温度、腐殖酸、种子发芽率来看,堆体达到了基本腐熟的条件;T1~T5(园林废弃物和底泥不同比例混合的基质)中,角堇出苗率范围为47.00%~86.67%,T5最低,T4最高,CK为40.33%;西洋滨菊的出苗率范围为45.67%~55.67%,T5最低,T2最高,CK为35.00%。T1~T5中,角堇的百株总鲜质量范围为2.05~6.40 g,T1最低,T5最高,CK为16.89 g;西洋滨菊的百株总鲜质量范围为1.54~11.77 g,T3最低,T5最高,CK为31.27 g。总的来说,园林废弃物的高温堆肥处理方法简单有效,能达到初步腐熟的条件,其堆肥产品需要添加一定比例的其它有机物料,其花卉育苗基质的效果更佳。 相似文献
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为探索园林废弃物堆肥代替泥炭是否可用做容器育苗的栽培基质,选取河北省夏花树木紫薇为研究对象,将草炭、珍珠岩、园林废弃物堆肥以不同配比混合组成7种基质配方,对不同配方基质物理性质:基质容重、总孔隙度、通气孔隙及持水孔隙;化学性质:pH、EC、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮及有效磷;苗木的形态指标:苗高、地径以及生物量进行测定。结果表明:紫薇苗木在各基质配比中均符合花灌木容器苗标准。基质持水孔隙和总孔隙度随堆肥比例的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,基质的其他理化性质随堆肥比例的增加而增加,但当堆肥量≤20%时,苗木的株高在生长前期与对照无显著性差异,在生长后期对苗木的生长有一定的促进作用,而在各个生长时期苗木地径均与对照无显著性差异;堆肥比例为20%时,茎生物量较对照组有显著提高。因此,本试验的最优基质配比为泥炭55%,珍珠岩25%,园林废弃物堆肥20%。 相似文献
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以玉米秸秆为辅料，葡萄糖为起爆剂，设置了V0（蔬菜废弃物+ 玉米秸秆）、V1（V0+ 微生物菌剂）、V2（V0+ 微生
物菌剂+ 起爆剂）、V3（V0+ 起爆剂）4 个处理，所有处理的初始C/N 都调节为25，含水率调节为60% 左右，通过测定堆体温度、
含水率、C/N、pH 值、电导率（EC）、发芽指数（GI）等指标，研究起爆剂和微生物菌剂对蔬菜废弃物堆肥效果的影响。结
果表明：同时添加起爆剂和微生物菌剂的处理在堆体升温速率、最高温度、高温天数、含水率降幅、降低C/N、提高发芽指
数方面均优于其他处理，且能缩短堆肥周期，提高堆肥产品品质。总体堆肥效果表现为：V2 ＞ V1 ＞ V3 ＞ V0。 相似文献
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腐熟菌剂和辅料组合对蔬菜废弃物堆肥进程和腐熟度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国蔬菜》2021,(9)
以黄瓜、番茄和西瓜蔬菜废弃物为主要原料,以豆渣、风化煤废弃物为辅料,通过不同腐熟菌剂及不同添加量与辅料进行组合开展好氧堆肥试验,研究各处理对堆肥过程中温度、总有机碳、总养分、C/N、pH、EC和种子发芽指数等指标的影响。结果表明,经过50 d的高温好氧堆肥发酵,各处理基本达到腐熟。在蔬菜废弃物堆肥过程中,仅添加腐熟菌剂不使用豆渣、风化煤辅料的处理升、降温较快,比其他处理提前1 d进入高温期,最高温度为67 ℃,在高温持续时间却低于其他处理(9～16 d)。添加0.1%腐熟菌剂A和豆渣风化煤辅料的C1处理显著提高了有机碳的降解速率与C/N的降低速率,加快了腐熟进程;EC值也始终保持在4 mS · cm~(-1)这一安全范围之内;随发酵时间的延长发芽指数增长最快,堆肥结束时可达103%,对植物的发芽无任何毒害作用,表现出了优于其他处理的良好腐熟水平;优先推荐作为黄瓜、番茄和西瓜混合废弃物堆肥处理的工艺参数。添加0.2%腐熟菌剂B和豆渣风化煤辅料的C4处理总养分含量最高,达10.79%,且pH值显著低于其他处理,为8.41,满足国家有机肥腐熟标准,也可作为黄瓜、番茄和西瓜混合废弃物堆肥处理工艺的选择方案。 相似文献
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以污泥、牛粪、玉米秸秆为试材,采用好氧堆肥技术,在污泥堆肥中添加牛粪和玉米秸秆等物料,在合理的C/N范围内,对不同配比的物料作为4个处理进行试验,以实现对城市周边废弃物资源化利用。结果表明:各处理的温度、含水量、pH值均达到了较理想的效果;种子萌发试验表明,A、B处理(污泥∶牛粪∶玉米秸秆为5∶(2~3)∶4)的种子发芽率大于80%,达到腐熟效果;最佳配比方式污泥∶牛粪∶玉米秸秆为5∶2∶4。其温度快速升高至55℃以上并持续18d之多,含水量降低11.7%,总氮降低0.15%,有机质含量下降28.3%,种子发芽率为82.1%,pH值保持在6~9;污泥、牛粪加入秸秆进行堆肥,不仅实现了废弃物的资源化,而且有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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不同微生物菌剂对猪粪堆肥效果的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
将猪粪与水稻秸秆按一定比例混合(调节原料C/N在20～30之间),然后接种3种不同的微生物菌剂(EM菌种、群林菌剂、采禾菌剂)进行好氧堆肥,通过分析不同处理堆肥过程中温度、pH、含水率变化及堆肥前后全氮、硝态氮、氨态氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质、C/N、T值、E4/E6等指标来研究不同微生物菌剂对猪粪堆肥效果的影响.结果表明:3种微生物菌剂均能促进堆肥的腐熟;与对照相比,3种微生物菌剂均有利于促进堆体迅速升温及提高堆体pH,其中CH菌剂升温效果最显著,QL处理pH上升最快;堆肥结束时CH处理含水量最低;3种微生物菌剂均能够减少堆肥过程氮素的损失,CH菌剂保氮效果最显著;与对照相比,CH处理速效钾含量增加,其它2个处理含量减少;3个处理速效磷含量均增加,但三者之间差异不显著;有机质含量均有提高,但QL、CH处理与对照差异显著,EM处理差异不显著;3种菌剂处理堆肥C/N、T值、E4/E6均有降低,且与对照差异显著.综合而言,3种微生物菌剂中CH菌剂处理效果最佳,能够显著加速堆肥进程. 相似文献
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Anna Lisek Danuta Kucharska Agnieszka Głowacka Elżbieta Rozpara 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(5):484-492
The sour cherry is known to exhibit the phenomenon of gametophytic self-incompatibility which prevents self-fertilization. In sour cherry, besides self-incompatible cultivars, there often occur self-compatible cultivars. This is due to the occurrence of natural mutations of the S-RNase or SFB genes and, consequently, loss of functionality of S-alleles. Here we present the results of the identification of S-haplotypes of 21 cultivars of sour cherry from various regions of Europe. The analyses were performed using methods based on the amplification of intron I and intron II of the S-RNase gene and fragments specific to the individual alleles of the S-RNase or SFB genes. The tested cultivars were found to contain 15 S-haplotypes: S1, S1?, S4, S6, S6m, S6m2, S9, S12, S13, S13?, S26, S35, S36a, S36b, and S36b2. The most frequently occurring S-haplotypes were S13? (61.9%), S36a (57.1%), and S26 (47.6%). On the basis of the results, 17 of the 21 cultivars were deduced to be self-compatible. The results will be of use in the production of sour cherry fruit by facilitating the selection of suitable pollinating cultivars. The results are also expected to be useful in the breeding of new cultivars of sour cherry when selecting genotypes for crosses. 相似文献
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化学药剂对香椿休眠解除的影响及其机理 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用五元二次正交旋转组合设计, 探索6-BA、GA3 、(NH2) 2CS、ZnSO4 、KNO3 对香椿休眠解除的影响, 5 种化学药剂解除休眠的作用依次为ZnSO4 > (NH2) 2CS > GA3 > 6-BA > KNO3 。打破香椿休眠的最佳药剂组合是: 6-BA 20 mg/L + GA3 180 mg/L + (NH2) 2CS 1 % + ZnSO4 0.5 % + KNO3 2 %。用上述药剂处理可以使香椿提早23 d 萌芽。 相似文献
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Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are emitted by many plants. In this study, sixty common plant species of the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India were examined for VOC (isoprene and monoterpene) emissions. Plant species VOC emission rates ranged from undetectable to 75.2 μg g?1 h?1. Dalbergia sissoo exhibited a maximum VOC emission rate of 75.2 μg g?1 h?1. Ozone forming potentials (OFP) of the sixty plant species were also estimated using the method of Benjamin and Winer (1998). Maximum ozone forming potential of 77 g O3 (tree)?1 d?1 was observed in the case of Mangifera indica. Out of 60 species, 26 species (43.3%) had low OFP (less than 1 g O3 (tree)?1 d?1), 18 species (30%) had medium OFP (less than 1–10 g O3 (tree)?1 d?1) and 16 species (26.7%) had high OFP (more than 10 g O3 (tree)?1 d?1). 相似文献
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京白梨等品种S 基因型鉴定及新基因S28 和S30 的核苷酸序列分析 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
根据梨S基因高度保守区C1和C3区, 设计1对引物P1和P2, 对梨品种的基因组DNA进行S基因特异扩增、克隆、测序, 并在GenBank中BLAST比较, 确定S 基因特异性片段, 对京白梨等6个供试自交不亲和品种的S基因型比对结果为: 白梨中的‘库尔勒香梨’为S21 S28 , ‘苹果梨’为S17S19 ; 砂梨中的‘台湾蜜梨’为S11 S22 ; 西洋梨中的‘葫芦梨’为Sa Sb; 秋子梨中的‘京白’为S16 S30 , ‘早梨18’为S4 S28。其中S28和S30为首次登录的新S 基因, 在GenBank的登录号分别为AY562394 (库尔勒香梨) 和AY876945 (京白) 。 相似文献
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Soil solarization, used to control weeds and soil-borne pathogens in hot climates, has not yet been widely adapted as a commercial practice because of its lack of efficacy. Experiments were carried out in southern Italy over two growing seasons to study the effect of three levels (0, 0.35 and 0.7 kg m−2) of organic supplementation of the soil prior to solarization on soil mineral availability and fruit quality attributes. Soil temperature and chemical properties were monitored, together with changes in the physical characteristics and chemical composition of tomato fruits grown under commercial greenhouse conditions. Organic supplementation increased the soil temperature achieved through solarization by 3.9 to 5.5 °C. Organic supplementation increased (P ≤ 0.05) the soil concentration of NO3−-N, exchangeable K2O, Ca2+, Na+ and Mg2+ and the level of electrical conductivity in the soil extract. Physical characteristics of tomato fruits were improved by supplementation, with fresh and dry weight enhanced up to 11 and 21%, respectively, mesocarp thickness up to 19%, firmness up to 36% and skin redness (a*/b* ratio) up to 24%. As the supplementation rate was raised from 0 to 0.7 kg m−2, the fruit content of reducing sugars increased (P ≤ 0.01) from 1.75 to 2.14 g per 100 g f.w., ash from 0.49 to 0.62%, soluble solid from 5.12 to 6.18 °Brix, titratable acidity from 0.16 to 0.19%, and ascorbic acid from 25.1 to 32.5 mg 100 mL−1. We concluded that organic supplementation appears to be a valuable and environmentally friendly way to improve the mineral availability in the soil and improve fruit quality of tomato. 相似文献
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金嘴蝎尾蕉切花苞片褐变的控制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了金嘴蝎尾蕉切花最佳采收时期和对其苞片褐变具有良好控制效果的预处理保鲜液及瓶插方法。结果表明: 金嘴蝎尾蕉以中蕾期采收最佳; 整个花枝水平放置, 完全浸泡于500 mg·L - 1 H3BO4或500 mg·L - 1 MgSO4中1 h后, 结合2 mg·L - 1 6-BA + 200 mg·L - 1 Al2 ( SO4 ) 3瓶插保鲜及0.1%聚乙烯醇喷洒花枝, 可显著控制苞片褐变, 保持组织较低水平pH值, 减缓膜透性的上升。其瓶插寿命分别达12 d和11.5 d, 显著高于对照的4 d。 相似文献
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Comparison of anthocyanins in non-blotches and blotches of the petals of Xibei tree peony 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jingjing Zhang Liangsheng Wang Qingyan Shu Zheng’an Liu Chonghui Li Jie Zhang Xiaolei Wei Daike Tian 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007
A comparison in non-blotches and blotches of 35 cultivars of Xibei tree peony was investigated to explore flower coloration of Xibei tree peony (the second cultivar group in Chinese tree peony). With high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, six anthocyanins including peonidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pn3G5G), peonidin 3-O-glucoside (Pn3G), cyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Cy3G5G), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Cy3G), pelargonidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pg3G5G), and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside (Pg3G) were detected in non-blotches and blotches of petals. Total anthocyanins (TA), total flavones and flavonols (TF), and the copigmentation index (CI) were also analyzed. Cyanidin-based glycosides, which accumulated abundantly at the basal petal, resulted in blotch formation. Some peculiar cultivars with only one kind of anthocyanins or without anthocyanins in non-blotches were found in this study. For example, ‘Feng Zi Xiu Se’, ‘Ou Duan Si Lian’, and ‘Xi Wang’ contained only Pn3G5G; ‘Bing Shan Cang Yu’ and ‘Jin Bo Dang Yang’ contained only Cy3G; while no anthocyanins were found in ‘Bing Shan Xue Lian’. Several cultivars were rich in Pg-based glycosides, such as ‘Ni Hong Huan Cai’, and ‘Ju Yuan Shao Nv’. These cultivars would be excellent parents for creating new cultivars with novel flower color in the future. 相似文献
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Seven chilli landraces of Manipur belonging to three cultivated species of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, and Capsicum chinense) form economically important food crops of the region. The genotypes were characterized using ten random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient calculated by UPGMA method differentiated the genotypes into two main cluster groups. One cluster represented the C. annuum genotypes while the other cluster represented the C. frutescens and the C. chinense genotypes. C. chinense genotypes were more close to C. frutescens genotypes. Genetic variation between the C. frutescens genotypes was more than among the C. annuum genotypes and the C. chinense genotypes were the least similar ones. 相似文献
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《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,104(2):169-178
The Japanese pear ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ (S2S4SM) (SM = stylar-part mutant) is a self-compatible bud mutant that originated from self-incompatible ‘Nijisseiki’ (S2S4). The S4-allele of the pear is deleted and it shows unilateral incompatibility to cultivar with an S2S4 genotype. However, when pollen-tube growth was compared between cross-compatible [‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ × ‘Okusankichi’ (S5S7)], unilateral-compatible [‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ × ‘Kikusui’ (S2S4)], self-compatible (‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ × ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’), and unilateral-incompatible pollination (‘Kikusui’ × ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’), pollen-tube growth clearly showed the following order: cross-compatible > unilateral-compatible > self-compatible > unilateral-incompatible. This indicates that the ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ style produces specific inhibitor(s) not only to S2- and S4-pollen but also “self-pollen”, because the phenotype of S4SM-pollen is the same as S4-pollen. Stylar protein analysis demonstrated that ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ produces S2-RNase (RNase associated with S2-allele) together with a small amount of S4-RNase. The purified S4-RNase possessed almost the same inhibitory action on the growth of S4-pollen-tubes in vitro at 1 μg μl−1 as that from original ‘Nijisseiki’. These results suggest that the depressed growth of unilateral-compatible and self-pollen-tubes in ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ is due to this biologically active S4-RNase. Growth of self-pollen-tubes may also be depressed by inhibitor(s) specific to “self-pollen” unrelated to S-alleles. 相似文献
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S. Matsumoto K. Kitahara H. Komatsu K. Abe 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):934-936
SummaryWe investigated the functional differences in three pairs of S-RNase alleles having similar sequences. It was confirmed using pollination tests that S19 and S28 behaved as different alleles, while S17 and S19 appeared to be the same allele. Our previous new allele designation of S6b in place of S17 and S19, and not S19 and S28, from S-RNase sequence analyses was therefore confirmed. The deduced amino acid sequences of S3 and S10, although showing high similarity (94%), were functionally distinct. 相似文献