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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2019,(12)
试验选取30只体质量相近的55±5日龄断奶羔羊,采用单因子完全随机试验设计,分为3组,即对照Ⅰ组:基础日粮;试验Ⅱ组:基础日粮+0.5%延胡索酸二钠;试验Ⅲ组:基础日粮+1.0%延胡索酸二钠。每组10只,预饲期5 d,试验期60 d。研究日粮中添加延胡索酸二钠(DF)对早期断奶羔羊器官发育、血清生化指标的影响。结果表明:①Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组断奶羔羊肝脏质量比Ⅰ组分别提高19%(P0.05)和18.1%(P0.05);Ⅱ和Ⅲ组断奶羔羊瘤胃质量比Ⅰ组分别提高8.5%(P0.05)和26.4%(P0.01)。3组间空肠质量差异不显著。②与对照组比较,Ⅱ和Ⅲ组TP浓度分别比Ⅰ组提高9.1%(P0.05)和11.9%(P0.05);Ⅱ和Ⅲ组ALB浓度分别比Ⅰ组提高7.5%(P0.05)和10.1%(P0.05);Ⅱ和Ⅲ组GLO浓度分别比Ⅰ组提高10.6%(P0.05)和13.6%(P0.01);Ⅱ和Ⅲ组总胆汁酸比对照组分别下降21.54%和36.09%(P0.05),其他血液生化指标差异不显著(P0.05);Ⅱ和Ⅲ组Ig G浓度分别比Ⅰ组提高55.3%(P0.05)和68.9%(P0.05)。日粮中添加DF可促进早期断奶羔羊消化器官发育,提高血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白和免疫球蛋白浓度。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨饲粮中添加延胡索酸二钠对早期断奶羔羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵功能及胃肠道发育的影响。试验选用30只(50±5)日龄、体重为(25±2)kg的公羔,随机分为3组,每组10只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在对照组的基础上添加0.5%和1.0%的延胡索酸二钠。试验期70 d。结果显示:1)饲粮添加延胡索酸二钠提高了平均日增重,其中1.0%组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。2)延胡索酸二钠未显著影响瘤胃液p H(P0.05),而显著降低了氨态氮浓度(P0.05);延胡索酸二钠极显著降低了瘤胃液乳酸浓度(P0.01);1.0%组瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸和丙酸浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)试验组小肠绒毛高度均高于对照组,其中0.5%组羔羊的十二指肠、空肠、回肠的肠绒毛高度分别显著增加了30.3%、30.6%、46.1%(P0.05);试验组的十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著大于对照组(P0.05),其中0.5%组的绒毛高度/隐窝深度较对照组增加了58.6%;0.5%和1.0%组羔羊的瘤胃壁乳头高度分别比对照组提高139.84和156.74μm(P0.05);试验组瘤胃壁乳头密度与对照组比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结果表明,添加延胡索酸二钠显著提高了羔羊的生长性能,促进了早期断奶羔羊瘤胃及肠道的发育。 相似文献
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选用4头平均体重350 kg装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的延边黄牛(4岁)作为试验动物,对瘤胃发酵特性及降解率进行了研究。试验分为对照组(基础日粮),试验Ⅰ组(基础日粮+延胡索酸80 g/d),试验Ⅱ组(基础日粮+延胡索酸160 g/d)和试验Ⅲ组(基础日粮+延胡索酸240 g/d)结果表明:试验Ⅲ组瘤胃液pH值显著低于对照组、试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P0.05);瘤胃氨态氮浓度(NH_3-N)试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05)。在饲喂1 h至9 h时,试验Ⅲ组瘤胃纤毛虫数量显著低于对照组、试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P0.05);干物质(DM)在24 h和48 h时,试验Ⅱ组显著高于对照组、试验Ⅰ和Ⅲ组(P0.05);有机物质(OM)在48 h时,试验Ⅱ组与对照组、试验Ⅰ组差异显著(P0.05)。本试验结果提示:延胡索酸在延边黄牛日粮中的最佳添加水平为160g/d。 相似文献
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试验旨在通过饲喂不同粗蛋白质水平的日粮,研究其对羔羊瘤胃发酵参数及营养物质表观消化率的影响,从而得出一个合适的日粮蛋白质水平。试验选用120日龄的杜泊(♂)×小尾寒羊(♀)杂交一代羔羊18只,随机分成3个处理,公母各半,饲喂代谢能为10.5MJ/kg、粗蛋白水平分别为10.4%、13.0%、15.7%的全混合日粮(A、B、C组),试验期60d。结果表明,随着日粮粗蛋白水平增加,各组羔羊干物质采食量及日增重没有显著差异(P0.05),各组营养成分表观消化率均有升高趋势;瘤胃pH及氨态氮浓度随蛋白质水平升高而显著升高(P0.05);A组羔羊瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著高于B、C组(P0.05),B、C组间差异不显著(P0.05),随日粮蛋白质水平的提高,乙酸/丙酸比没有显著差异(P0.05)。日粮蛋白质水平对日粮营养成分的表观消化率、瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸含量产生影响,但乙酸/丙酸比没有差异,没有改变瘤胃的发酵类型;对于断奶羔羊日粮蛋白质水平13.0%为宜。 相似文献
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枣粉替代日粮中玉米对绵羊生长性能和瘤胃发酵参数的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国畜牧杂志》2017,(3)
本试验旨在研究枣粉替代日粮中玉米对绵羊生长性能和瘤胃发酵参数的影响。试验一:选用健康、体重和年龄相近的杜×寒杂交公羔24只,随机分为4组,每组6只,分别饲喂枣粉添加量为0%(对照组)、2.5%(Ⅰ组)、5%(Ⅱ组)、10%(Ⅲ组)的饲料,枣粉等比例替代基础日粮中玉米;试验二:选择体况良好、体重相近的安装永久性瘤胃瘘管杜×寒杂交羯羊12只,随机分为4组,每组3只,饲喂日粮同试验一。结果表明:与对照组相比,5%组显著提高了绵羊平均日增重和显著降低了饲料增重比(P0.05);除2 h外,其余各时间点Ⅱ组瘤胃液p H显著低于对照组(P0.05),且Ⅱ组变化幅度最小;Ⅱ组乙酸/丙酸在饲喂后各个时间点均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而日粮添加枣粉组间差异不显著(P0.05);在0 h和7 h,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05),而Ⅲ组在饲喂前0 h总挥发性脂肪酸显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综合而言,日粮枣粉以5%替代玉米在绵羊上应用效果最佳。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究延胡索酸对妊娠后期山羊营养物质表观消化率、瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸含量、血清生化指标和繁殖性能的影响。选用20只体重(36.5±2.5) kg、2～3岁、处于妊娠期90 d的湘东黑山羊,随机分成2组,每组10只。2组分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)和基础饲粮+2%的延胡索酸(延胡索酸组)。预试期为妊娠期90～94 d,正试期为妊娠期95 d至产羔。结果表明:与对照组相比,延胡索酸组妊娠后期山羊营养物质采食和表观消化率无显著变化(P0.05);采食后2.5 h瘤胃中乙酸、丙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸含量和丙酸比例显著升高(P0.05),乙丙比显著下降(P0.05);血清丙二醛、雌二醇和雌三醇含量显著降低(P0.05),血清催乳素、孕酮含量和过氧化氢酶活性显著升高(P0.05);母羊妊娠后期增重有升高趋势(0.05≤P0.10),羔羊初生总重显著增加(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加2%的延胡索酸,可以提高妊娠后期山羊瘤胃中总挥发性脂肪酸含量,发酵模式向丙酸型转变,并有助于提高机体抗氧化能力、母羊妊娠后期增重和羔羊初生总重。 相似文献
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苹果酸对山羊瘤胃发酵的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的本地山羊为试验动物,采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究苹果酸(0、5、10和15g/d)对山羊瘤胃发酵的影响。结果表明,日粮中添加苹果酸显著提高了瘤胃pH和丙酸比例(P<0.05),并显著降低了NH3-N、乳酸浓度和乙丙比(A/P)(P<0.05)。添加苹果酸后8 h时,5 g/d和10 g/d处理组的乳酸浓度分别比对照组降低了31%(P<0.05)和29%(P<0.05);添加苹果酸后2 h时,10 g/d和15 g/d处理组的NH3-N浓度均比对照组降低了30%(P<0.05)。10 g/d和15 g/d处理组乙丙比日平均值分别比对照组降低了12%(P<0.05)和22%(P<0.01);但各处理组总挥发性脂肪酸浓度(TVFA)未见明显变化。结果提示,日粮添加苹果酸可以改变瘤胃发酵类型,明显提高丙酸比例,促进乳酸和NH3-N的利用。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(3)
本试验旨在研究日粮中添加亮氨酸对早期断奶湖羊瘤胃发育及瘤胃细菌菌群组成的影响。选用36只5日龄的湖羊羔羊,依据体重相近原则随机分成对照组(C,0 g/d)、亮氨酸低剂量添加组(L,0.66 g/d)和高剂量添加组(H,1.33 g/d),每组4个重复,每个重复3只羔羊。于30日龄断奶当天每组每个重复取1只羔羊屠宰以获得瘤胃组织及内容物样品(n=4)。结果表明:H组瘤胃乳头的长度较C组显著增加(线性,P<0.01);添加亮氨酸可使瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸水平显著提高(二次,P=0.05),但并未改变乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的摩尔比例(P>0.05);与C组相比,L与H组的瘤胃氨态氮浓度均显著降低(线性,P<0.05;二次,P>0.05);L组羔羊瘤胃内容物中微生物蛋白含量显著高于C组(二次,P=0.05);亮氨酸的添加并未改变瘤胃细菌物种丰富度和多样性指数,但对菌群组成有一定影响;L组瘤胃内最多的是厚壁菌门(49.5%);H组拟杆菌门(51.4%)显著高L和C组(二次,P=0.05);H组的普雷沃氏菌属最多(线性,P>0.05;二次,P>0.05),而L组的巨型球菌属最多(二次,P <0.01);与C组相比,L组的双歧杆菌属(二次,P<0.05)和光岗菌属显著增加(二次,P<0.05)。由此可见,添加亮氨酸可促进羔羊瘤胃发育,改变瘤胃细菌菌群组成。 相似文献
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延胡索酸二钠对瘤胃微生物体外发酵不同饲料成分的影响 总被引：1，自引：8，他引：1
以黑麦草、高羊茅、稻草、花生壳等粗料成分以及玉米、小麦、可溶性淀粉等精料成分为发酵底物研究了延胡索酸二钠对瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响。结果表明,延胡索酸二钠显著提高了各种底物的发酵产气量(P<0.01),黑麦草粉、高羊茅草粉、稻草粉和花生壳粉的底物消失率分别比对照组提高了26.22%(P<0.05),14.16%(P<0.05),28.54%(P<0.01)和45.09%(P<0.05);延胡索酸二钠显著提高了小麦、玉米和可溶性淀粉的pH值(P<0.05),但对粗料无明显影响(P>0.05);小麦、玉米和可溶性淀粉处理组的乳酸浓度均低于对照组;各种底物的处理组的NH3-N浓度与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05);各种底物中,小麦的总挥发性脂肪酸(total volatile fatty acid)浓度最高,小麦处理组的乙酸浓度、丙酸浓度、丙酸比例均高于对照组(P<0.05);而乙酸丙酸比降低了0.18(P<0.01),延胡索酸二钠提高了所有底物的丙酸浓度及其比例。综合各指标的发酵情况,延胡索酸二钠对各种底物均有一定的效果,是一种潜在的反刍动物饲料添加剂。 相似文献
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Factors limiting the maintenance of recombinant ruminal bacterium in the rumen were evaluated in vitro , using batch culture prepared from rumen fluid of sheep. Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens expressing a foreign xylanase gene ( B. fibrisolvens NO4) was used as a tested recombinant that was selectable on an erythromycin-containing agar medium. The recombinant tended to reduce its level slowly in the rumen fluid of sheep on a high hay diet, while its initial decrease was more apparent in the rumen fluid of sheep on a high concentrate diet. Incubation with cell-free ruminal fluid revealed a significant decrease of inoculated recombinant, suggesting the presence of antibacterial factors limiting maintenance of the recombinant. In particular, during the first 12 h of incubation this inhibition was more notable in culture prepared from rumen fluid of sheep given the high concentrate diet. Autoclaving the cell-free rumen fluid inactivated the inhibition. Numbers of the recombinant for inoculation did not influence the final level of survived recombinant, that is, the initial depression was larger as more recombinant was inoculated. Subculturing with xylan before inoculation and/or direct addition of xylan to the batch culture did not improve survival of the recombinant. From these results it is suggested that the level of survived recombinant is limited to 102–4 /mL of in vitro batch culture with restricted energy supply and that initial depression of the recombinant is mainly caused by the heat-sensitive antibacterial factors not associating with microbial cells in the rumen. 相似文献
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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2017,(3)
Background: Original rumen digesta, rumen liquid and solid fractions have been frequently used to assess the rumen bacterial community. However, bacterial profiles in rumen original digesta, liquid and solid fractions vary from each other and need to be better established.Methods: To compare bacterial profiles in each fraction, samples of rumen digesta from six cows fed either a high fiber diet(HFD) or a high energy diet(HED) were collected via rumen fistulas. Rumen digesta was then squeezed through four layers of cheesecloth to separate liquid and solid fractions. The bacterial profiles of rumen original digesta, liquid and solid fractions were analyzed with High-throughput sequencing technique.Results: Rumen bacterial diversity was mainly affected by diet and individual cow(P 0.05) rather than rumen fraction. Bias distributed bacteria were observed in solid and liquid fractions of rumen content using Venn diagram and LEf Se analysis. Fifteen out of 16 detected biomarkers(using LEf Se analysis) were found in liquid fraction, and these 15 biomarkers contributed the most to the bacterial differences among rumen content fractions.Conclusions: Similar results were found when using samples of original rumen digesta, rumen liquid or solid fractions to assess diversity of rumen bacteria; however, more attention should be draw onto bias distributed bacteria in different ruminal fractions, especially when liquid fraction has been used as a representative sample for rumen bacterial study. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nisin and monensin on rumen fermentation of diets containing hay and barley (80:20%) in artificial rumen (Rusitec system). The Rusitec system consisted of four fermentation vessels (V1, V2, V3, V4): V1 was without additives (control), V2 received daily 2 mg of nisin, V3 involved 5 mg of monensin and V4 combination of 2 mg of nisin with 5 mg of monensin. After an adaptation period (7 days), the fermentation parameters were determined for six consecutive days. Compared to control diet, the addition of nisin resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) of hemicellulose degradation, acetate, propionate (mmol.day-1) production and energetic efficiency of VFA (E), decrease of butyrate production. Nisin had no effect on dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), cellulose and detergent fiber degradation, production of total gas, methane and efficiency of microbial synthesis. The addition of monensin resulted in an decrease of DM, OM (P < 0.05), cellulose, hemicellulose, detergent fiber degradation (P < 0.001), total gas, methane and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) production. Monensin also significantly decreased acetate, butyrate, L-lactate (mmol.day-1) production and it increased propionate production (P > 0.001) and efficiency of microbial synthesis. The combined effect of nisin and monensin in V4 was similar to the effect of monensin in V3 compared to control. Then, the effect of additive monensin was dominant over nisin. In conclusion, our results indicate that nisin was less effective than monensin on some fermentation parameters (important for the improvement of the efficiency of utilization of the diet by ruminants) in artificial rumen. 相似文献
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瘤胃作为反刍动物体内的饲料加工厂,其内环境稳定和微生物区系的平衡影响着动物对饲料的利用,日粮精粗比的改变影响瘤胃内环境稳态以及微生物区系组成,从而影响反刍动物的生产效率。本文综述了日粮精粗比影响瘤胃pH、NH3-N浓度、VFA浓度和瘤胃微生物区系组成的研究进展,为在生产实践中提高反刍动物生产效率提供理论依据。 相似文献
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西藏农区黄牛主要瘤胃微生物及瘤胃液物质特征值 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过测定牛瘤胃液中N源、可溶性糖含量,统计分类纤毛虫数量和改良纤维分解细菌选择性培养基等方法,发现瘤胃内 NH+1-N、NO-3-N、全N和可溶性糖处在一个动态变化过程,含量的高低取决于瘤胃内食糜的养分、食糜和瘤胃液在瘤胃中的排空时间,同时鉴定了西藏黄牛瘤胃液中12种不同属的纤毛虫、4个主要纤维素分解细菌和厌氧真菌的数量变化特点.结果表明,NH+4-N含量变化较小,在平均值(71.279 9±15.120 5)mg/L浮动;NO-3-N在AM 10:00达到最高值;全N在AM 8:00和16:00含量最高.通过试验改良的纤维素菌培养基能较好地培养瘤胃内4种细菌,为更进一步研究瘤胃内微生物提供了一条途径. 相似文献
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