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黑龙江省主要木本固氮植物资源及开发利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
木本固氮植物不仅具有固氮能力,而且大多数木本固氮植物具有很多的用途。随着大面积人工速生丰产林的发展,森林土壤肥力逐步下降,充分认识木本固氮植物资源的生物学特性,利用生物固氮技术,既有利于提高森林生产力,又不会对自然造成环境污染。黑龙江主要木本固氮植物资源的生物学特性,及其开发利用价值进行了初步的探索。 相似文献
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发展木本饲料的若干技术经济问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据林区丰富的木本饲料源有待开发,结合我国人多农耕地少的特点,阐述了积极开发木本油料源的重要性。文中强调了青、干饲料的适口性,并就选择,培育和利用树叶的技术经济指标、饲料林的经营、木本饲料在配合饲料中的科学配比等做了论述。 相似文献
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简要介绍广州市乡土木本开花植物资源的基本情况,广州市共有乡土木本开花植物有93科260属632种,按照园林用途可分为风景林木类、防护林类、行道树类、孤植类、垂枝绿化类、绿篱类、造型及树桩盆景盆栽类和木本地被类。文中简要阐述了各种乡土开花植物的大致用途,并对广州市乡土木本开花植物利用现状、原因作了论述和分析,为今后合理科学地开发利用提出一些对策和建议。 相似文献
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鄂西武陵山区木本蜜源植物资源丰富,极具开发价值,掌握该区主要木本蜜源植物资源情况,对促进该区域养蜂业发展及乡村振兴具有重要意义。通过野外实地考察该区域木本蜜源资源情况。结果表明：该地区主要木本蜜源种类丰富,共 84 种,隶属于29 科 54属;花期主要集中在夏季（43种）,春、秋季（14种和16种）次之,冬季最少（11种）。在中低山、中山、半高山区分布最为丰富且四季均衡,依次为67种、81种、79种。基于本调查结果,建议该区域林业管理部门从宣传引导、加强多功能乡土木本蜜源植物开发利用及品种选育研究,促进蜂产业健康有序发展。 相似文献
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为了有效地保护野生木本油脂植物资源,制定科学的开发利用对策,于1983~2002年就甘肃省白龙江林区野生木本油脂植物资源状况进行了调查研究,结果表明:该林区野生木本油脂植物共有30科、42属、62种;其中乔木种类最多,占野生木本油脂植物总种数的56.45%;分布于海拔1700~2500 m范围内针阔混交林带的野生木本油脂植物的种类最多,占野生木本油脂植物总种数的79.03%。 相似文献
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Forage production of woody fodder species and herbaceous vegetation in a silvopastoral system in northern Greece 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Introduction of woody plants in silvopastoral systems could be an appropriate land-use for the poor sandy soils of the Mediterranean
semiarid zone. Forage production of four woody fodder species and herbaceous vegetation in relation to plant spacing and animal
(sheep) grazing was studied in a silvopastoral system on such a site in Macedonia, northern Greece. The woody fodder species
tested were Robinia pseudoacacia L., Gleditsia triacanthos L., Amorpha fruticosa L. and Morus alba L. They were planted at
the spacings 1.5 × 1.5 m,2.5 × 2.5 m and 3.5 × 3.5 m and kept in a shrubby form by topping. They were grazed by sheep (stocking
rate of 1.1 sheep/ha/year) in early July and late August of 1992, 1993 and 1994. Among the species Robinia yielded the highest
forage production (394 kg/ha). The spacing 1.5 × 1.5 m had the highest (P ≥ 0.05) forage production per area unit (280 kg/ha)
while the spacing 3.5 × 3.5 m had the highest forage production per plant (91.8 g/plant). No competition was observed between
the woody and the herbaceous plants in the various spacings probably due to topping of the woody species every winter. Percent
utilisation of the native herbage dropped as forage of the woody species increased.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Cicik Udayana Harry P. Andreassen Christina Skarpe 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(8):715-732
We investigated herb and woody species at rehabilitated forests planted by mahogany and teak, and original, not rehabilitated forests in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Plant species were classified into five use categories: medicine, food, fodder, ornament, and construction. We registered 142 species belonging to 54 families known as useful species with at least one, often more, use categories. The number of useful species was highest for medicine use (107 species). There was a dominance of exotic herb species used for food and annual herbs used for fodder. The number of useful herbs and exotic woody species was highest in teak stands. The number of woody species used for medicine, food, and construction was higher than those for ornament and fodder. All herb species decreased with time, except annual native, that increased. Around 50% of the useful species occurred only once in one site, and some species showed a distribution restricted to one type of stands. Overall, our results seem to show that rehabilitated stands are doing well with regard to useful herb and woody species. We suggest strategies for plant and ecosystem conservation, especially for rare native plant species and species with restricted distribution. 相似文献
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Filemon Torres 《Agroforestry Systems》1983,1(2):131-163
Two main roles are identified in the review: the productive one, where woody perennials yield a material output (fuel, fodder, etc.), and the ‘service’ type, with no tangible product (shelter, nutrient recycling, etc.). In their productive role trees and shrubs may supply fodder in browsing systems, or industrial material, wood products and food in forest and plantation grazing systems. Service roles, rarely divorced from productive ones, arise mainly from relationships between woody perennials and the herbaceous vegetation growing in their vicinity. As a fodder source, the relatively low productivity and palatability of high protein content foliage from most woody perennials would indicate a supplementary role, particulary during dry seasons in arid and semiarid zones. In these type of lands pod-bearing trees seem to have a greater potential for improving fodder production in silvopastoral systems. The negative effect of trees on pasture production in forest and plantation grazing is compensated by their contribution to the system through other products. Available data would support the potential of certain species of woody perennials to foster pasture growing underneath, mainly through soil enrichment. Windbreaks can also indirectly benefit pasture growth, by decreasing water loss from the soil. It is postulated that research efforts in animal agroforestry should be focused on woody perennials for browsing systems, particularly on pod-bearing trees having beneficial effects on the herbaceous layer growing underneath. 相似文献
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Eight woody fodder species adapted to the highlands of Rwanda were evaluated in terms of dry matter intake in one experiment. Animals were offered a daily diet comprising 4.0 of fresh matter of Setaria splendida grass supplemented with or without one of the eight fodder species tested. In all cases, total daily feed intake was increased by the addition of woody fodder. Daily intake of the woody fodder was high for Acacia koaia, Mimosa scabrella and Acacia koa at 43.7, 42.6 and 41.9 g/kg BW0.75, respectively. The dry matter intake of the other five species (Alnus acuminata, Chamaecytisus palmensis, Hagenia abyssinica, Acacia mearnsii and Acacia melanoxylon) ranged from 18.9 to 30.1 g/kg BW0.75 per day. In another experiment, a basic daily diet of 4.0 kg of fodder (in fresh weight) was given to each animal. This ratio comprised S. splendida supplemented with M. scabrella and incorporated at 0 (control), 45% and 66% (fresh weight basis) of the total daily diet. Improved weight gain was obtained when setaria was supplemented with M. scabrella with daily weight gain of 31, 47 and 51 g/animal for 0, 45 and 66% M. scabrella, respectively. 相似文献
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Communities in the Yuksam-Dzongri trekking corridor of Sikkim use a wide variety of plant species as firewood and fodder with species preferences based on their local knowledge. Current practices are increasing harvest pressures on good quality firewood and fodder plants leading to deteriorating forest condition along the trekking corridor. To help develop management strategies and to ensure the long term sustainability of forest resources in this region, it is important to understand local peoples’ basis for their species preferences. In this paper, we compared people's preferences for species used as firewood and fodder using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools with data on these species’ chemical constituent properties to better understand the rationale for local preferences. Sixteen woody trees species (Rhododendron arboreum, Rhododendron falconeri, Rhododendron barbatum, Quercus lamellosa, Q. lineate, Schima wallichii, Prunus cerasoides, Prunus nepalensis, Castanopsis hystrix, Beilschmiedia sikkimensis, Acer oblongum, Betula alnoides, Eurya acuminate, Symplocos ramosissima, Alnus nepalensis and Litsaea elongate) and twenty-three fodder plants (including Thysanolaena maxima, Ficus nemoralis, Q. lamellosa, Imperata cylindrical, and Saurauia nepaulensis), the most widely used species in the area, were selected for study. The tree species were evaluated for their wood properties (calorific value, wood density, moisture and ash content) based on the Firewood Value Index (FVI), and fodder species for their nutritional qualities (dry matter, nitrogen and crude protein, and fat content). Most of the highly preferred species were found to have high values for firewood or fodder properties, and a significant correlation was found between the community scores and the FVI and some fodder attributes, namely dry matter and protein content. The study illustrates the applicability of local knowledge in relation to the chemical properties of species used for firewood and fodder. 相似文献
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Fernando Casanova-Lugo Judith Petit-Aldana Francisco J. Solorio-Sánchez David Parsons Luis Ramírez-Avilés 《Agroforestry Systems》2014,88(1):29-39
In tropical areas of Mexico, Leucaena leucocephala is widely used in silvopastoral systems. However, little information exists on other native woody species of high forage potential, such as Guazuma ulmifolia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the components of biomass, forage yield and quality, and availability of N in fodder banks of L. leucocephala, G. ulmifolia, and a mixture of both species during dry and rainy seasons, under sub-humid tropical conditions. The experimental unit was a 5 × 10 m plot, containing three rows with 2 m between rows; each row had 20 plant positions with 0.50 m between plants. Within each plant position there was either a single plant, in the case of pure-crop, or two plants, in the case of mixed of both species. A complete randomized block design with three repetitions was used. In both seasons, there were a significantly greater proportion of leaves in the G. ulmifolia fodder banks (71 %) and in mixed fodder banks (69 %) than in L. leucocephala fodder banks (64 %). Consequently, these systems had leaf-to-stem ratios of 2.4, 2.2 and 1.9, respectively. The forage yield of fodder banks was not influenced by season. The mixed fodder bank had greater forage yield (5.1 t DM ha?1) than the L. leucocephala fodder bank (3.4 t DM ha?1) in each season. Additionally, the mixed fodder bank accumulated more forage yield during the experimental period (10.2 t DM ha?1 year?1) than G. ulmifolia (9.0 t DM ha?1 year?1) or L. leucocephala (6.9 t DM ha?1 year?1). The concentrations of CP, C and C:N were not influenced by season. Forage NDF and ADF concentrations were greater in the rainy season (476 g kg?1 DM) compared with the dry season (325 g kg?1 DM). Mixed fodder banks had the greatest N yield (185.9 kg ha?1) and consequently the greatest availability of N (371.8 kg N ha?1 year?1). We conclude that mixed fodder banks of L. leucocephala and G. ulmifolia are a better option for improving productivity and forage quality in comparison with pure fodder banks in Yucatan, Mexico. 相似文献
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Agroforestry is a new name for a rather old practice. From a historical point of view, various agroforestry systems existed in Europe, of which the wood pastures (Neolithicum), the Dehesas in Spain (~4,500 years old) and the Hauberg of the Siegerland (established in the Middle Age) are the most prominent. Other widespread systems in Europe were hedgerows, windbreaks and Streuobst (orchard intercropping). Due to mechanisation and intensification of agriculture, trees have been progressively removed from agricultural fields and traditional agroforestry systems slowly disappeared. Today, agroforestry systems are again increasing in interest as they offer the potential to solve important ecological and, especially, biodiversity problems, while at the same time enabling the production of food, wood products and fodder for cattle. Although agroforestry systems offer many advantages, many farmers are sceptical of these systems and are critical and risk-averse with regard to adopting new practices. However, in comparison to traditional systems, modern agroforestry systems can be adapted to current farming practices. By selecting suitable trees and appropriate tree management, high-quality timber can be produced without influencing agricultural crops excessively. In future, agroforestry systems will become increasingly important as they offer the prospect of producing woody perennials for bioenergy on the same land area as food and/or fodder plants, while enhancing overall biodiversity. 相似文献
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为了对临沂地区的生态环境和园林绿化建设提供参考,对临沂地区主要垂枝型木本植物进行实地调查。结果表明,临沂地区园林中应用的垂枝型木本植物共有10种,隶属于7科9属,其中乔木2种、灌木8种。在调查研究的基础上,收集并保存优良垂枝型木本植物10种,并开展垂枝型木本植物种质资源评价和应用研究。 相似文献
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Forage value of 10 deciduous woody fodder species during six stages of maturity as well as their acceptance by goats in July and August were studied in Macedonia, northern Greece. The fodder species studies wereAmorpha fruticosa L.,Carpinus orientalis Mill.,Colutea arborescens L.,Corylus avellana L.,Fraxinus ornus L.,Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.,Pyrus amygdaliformis Vill.,Quercus pubescens Willd.,Quercus sessiliflora Salich, andRobinia pseudoacacia L. with two accessions, common and spineless. All these species are integral components of the mediterranean silvo-pastoral systems. Monthly forage samples were collected throughout their growing period (May to November), which coincides with the long dry summer when herbaceous plants are dormant, and analyzed for crude protein content, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). Comparing the leguminous species (Robinia pseudoacacia, Amorpha fruticosa, Colutea arborescens) with the remaining species, the leguminous one had on average a higher (P0.05) content of crude protein (21.1%, 21.0% and 17.1% vs. 10.5–13.3%, respectively) and higher (P0.05) IVOMD values (58.4%, 56.0% and 60.0% vs. 47.3–52.8, respectively). Moreover, the leguminous species were among species with lower NDF (42.3%, 45.0% and 35.2% vs. 36.0–48.9%, respectively) and lignin content (7.1%, 8.3% and 9.1% vs. 7.6–10.9%). All species showed a significant increase in crude protein when new leaves appeared (May). Most of the fodder species had digestibilities in the higher range (>55% IVOMD) and low NDF content (<53.5%) during the growing season (first five stages). Lignin contents ranged from 5.9% (A. fruticosa, May) to 16.0% (O. carpinifolia, Nov.).Robinia pseudoacacia had the highest relative acceptance index whileAmorpha fruticosa, Colutea arborescens andCorylus avellana the lowest. It is concluded that deciduous woody fodder species may play a significant role as sources of nutrients in the mediterranean silvo-pastoral systems during the summer period of seasonal nutritional shortage. 相似文献