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玉米自交系表型性状与产量的灰色关联分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以257份玉米自交系为材料,采用灰色关联分析方法,对影响玉米自交系产量(单株粒重)的主要表型性状进行研究。结果表明:关联序排在前三位的是全生育期、散粉期与吐丝期,生育期是影响玉米自交系单株粒重最重要的因素,其他性状与单株粒重的密切程度依次减小;与产量相关的主要性状中,关联序排在前三位的是穗位、穗长、百粒重;总体排序为全生育期>散粉期>吐丝期>穗位>穗长>百粒重>全株叶数>株高>穗位叶面积>穗粗>出苗期>行粒数>行数;高产玉米自交系选育目标:尽量延长生育期,提高穗长及百粒重,其他性状适中,协调相关因素,提高产量。本试验利用大量有代表性的玉米自交系,明确了主要农艺性状对产量的贡献,为选育高产玉米自交系提供了理论参考依据。 相似文献
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欧洲玉米种质BRC选系与我国主要玉米种质杂种优势及主要性状遗传相关分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验以5个欧洲玉米种质量BRC选系为母本,以代表我国主要种质类群的5个自交系为父本,采用NCⅡ遗传交配设计,组配了25个杂交组合,研究欧洲玉米种质BRC选系与我国主要种质的主要农艺性状的杂种优势表现,及杂交种主要农艺性状与单株产量的相关关系.结果表明,欧洲玉米种质BRC选系与国内主要种质的杂种优势主要体现在单株产量的增加、株高和穗位高的增加,亲本的选择对于产量的提高起决定性作用.各主要农艺性状与单株产量呈极显著正相关,各农艺性状之间呈显著或极显著相关,各性状对单株产量的直接作用从大到小依次为株高＞穗粗＞穗行数＞穗长＞行粒数＞百粒重＞穗位高.综合分析认为,欧洲玉米种质BRC选系与塘四平头、旅大红骨、PN78599类群有较强的杂种优势,容易组配出强优势组合,利用欧洲玉米种质BRC选系选育高产玉米杂交种,应着重单株产量、穗粗、行粒数、穗长的选择,放宽穗行数、百粒重的选择,并选择适当的株高、穗位高. 相似文献
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采用灰色关联度分析方法,分析了改良后CIMMYT群体优良自交系产量（单株粒重）与主要农艺性状的关系。结果表明：总体关联顺序为穗重 > 行粒数 > 出籽率 > 穗位高 > 穗长 > 株高 > 百粒重 > 穗行数 > 秃尖长。因此,提高穗重、行粒数、出籽率的同时也具有适当的株高和穗位高,有利于得到产量较高的玉米自交系。本试验利用改良后CIMMYT群体优良玉米自交系,明确了主要农艺性状对产量的贡献,为选育高产玉米自交系提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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用20个创新玉米自交系和3个优良自交系按20×3不完全双列杂交组配成60个组合,分析了20个自交系的小区产量等9个农艺性状的一般配合力,并对各性状的遗传参数进行了估计。结果表明,泰系1、泰系7和泰系8这3个自交系综合性状较好,以其作为亲本进行杂交,易培育出性状优良、产量高的杂交组合。所研究性状杂种优势的表现都主要受加性基因的控制,但在株高性状非加性效应的作用也不能忽视。9个性状中小区产量、株高、穗位高和行粒数受环境影响较大。在育种过程中,穗长、百粒重和轴粗3个性状要注重早代选择,小区产量、株高和行粒数性状宜进行晚代选择。 相似文献
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玉米产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用灰色系统理论,对玉米产量与株高等7个农艺性状的关联度进行了分析。结果表明,产量与7个性状的关联序为：穗行数〉单株粒重〉穗位高〉株高〉百粒重〉结实长〉穗长。因此,选育高产玉米杂交种时,应重视穗行数、单株粒重、穗位高以及株高。 相似文献
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研究不同施钾量对玉米倒伏率、各农艺性状及产量的影响,以期为黑龙江省玉米抗倒性栽培及钾肥的科学管理提供理论依据。本研究通过设置5个不同施钾量下,对玉米各农艺性状及产量方差分析,并研究玉米倒伏率与各农艺性状之间相关性。结果表明,T2处理株高和穗长与其他处理间均存在着显著差异;T0处理的穗位和秃尖长与其他处理间均存在着显著性差异。在产量性状方面,T2处理的穗行数、行粒数最多,百粒重最大,产量最高,玉米倒伏率与穗位高、秃尖长呈显著正相关,与穗行数、行粒数、百粒重及产量均呈显著负相关。适量的钾肥可以提高玉米抗倒能力,随着施钾量的增加玉米倒伏率呈现出先降后升的趋势,根据以上5个不同施钾量处理,T2处理玉米倒伏率最低。 相似文献
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运用灰关联熵分析的方法,对18个玉米杂交种产量与主要农艺性状进行了灰关联熵分析。结果表明:玉米杂交种产量与主要农艺性状的熵关联度为:穗长0.990 6,穗粗0.988 6,穗行数0.990 1,行粒数0.992 6,虚尖长0.991 7,轴粗0.987 9,穗粒重0.999 4,出籽率0.994 0,千粒重0.992 1,株高0.990 3,穗位高0.993 6;熵关联序为:穗粒重﹥出籽率﹥穗位高﹥行粒数﹥千粒重﹥虚尖长﹥穗长﹥株高﹥穗行数﹥穗粗﹥轴粗。杂交种选育应注重穗粒较重、出籽率高、穗位适中、行粒数较多组合的选择,而对株高、穗行数、穗粗、轴粗的选择应适当放宽要求。 相似文献
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黑龙江省不同年代玉米杂交种产量对种植密度和施氮水平的响应 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
明确不同年代春玉米生产力对种植密度和氮肥水平的响应特征及其趋势,对高产高效的耐密品种选育和密植抗倒栽培具有重要的理论参考和技术指导意义。本文以黑龙江近50年来第一积温带大面积种植的8个典型春玉米品种为材料,于2009和2010年进行密度和施肥的田间试验,比较不同年代主栽品种生产力演变特征。结果显示,黑龙江省1970s—2000s玉米品种更替过程中,单株生产力与群体产量均明显提高,平均增幅分别为16.96 g 10年-1和790 kg hm-2 10年-1;植株空秆率和倒伏率显著下降,株高、穗位、单株叶面积、穗粒数、千粒重显著提高。随着密度的提高,各年代玉米的单株产量呈显著下降趋势,群体产量呈抛物线形上升,群体最高产量的理论密度增幅为3 507株 hm-2 10 年-1;空秆率显著提高,但倒伏率仅1970s和1980s的品种呈递增趋势;株高、单株叶面积、棒三叶面积、穗粒数与千粒重均呈现下降趋势,穗位随密度增加呈显著上升趋势。各年代品种株高、穗位、单株叶面积和千粒重随氮肥水平提高呈增加趋势。在150~450 kg hm-2的施氮水平范围,随着氮肥水平的提高,各年代品种增产效果不明显。各主要指标在年代、密度和氮肥水平之间存在显著的互作效应。对照东北玉米现有的品种特性、种植密度和施肥现状表明,选育耐密品种和实施密植抗倒栽培的增产潜力大,在现在的施肥水平上进一步提高种植密度是东北春玉米高产增效耕作栽培的技术创新方向。 相似文献
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旨在研究玉米自交系单株产量等性状的配合力、遗传力及反交效应,为玉米自交系的选育和杂交种的组配提供依据。以11份玉米自交系为试材,按Griffing Ⅲ完全双列杂交法组配110个组合,观测杂交种的单株产量、株高、穗位高、雄穗分支数、雄穗主轴长、抽丝期和开花期等7个性状的表型数据,并对上述性状的一般配合力、特殊配合力、广义遗传力、狭义遗传力和反交效应进行估算。供试材料除雄穗主轴长的特殊配合力差异不显著外,其余性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力差异均达到极显著水平。JZ3和JZ6两个自交系单株产量的一般配合力为极显著正值,两对组合JZ9×JZ2和JZ2×JZ9、JZ6×JZ3和JZ3×JZ6的单株产量具有最大的正向SCA效应值,分别为40.68 g和35.24 g。单株产量的反交效应差异极显著,部分自交系的反交效应方差较大。7个性状的广义遗传力从大到小依次为,雄穗分支数、株高、开花期、穗位高、抽丝期、单株产量和雄穗主轴长;狭义遗传力从大到小依次为,雄穗分支数、株高、穗位高、开花期、雄穗主轴长、抽丝期和单株产量。试验结果表明单株产量性状的显性遗传方差占比最大,狭义遗传力最小,易受环境条件的影响,对该性状的选择适宜在晚代进行;单株产量性状具有显著的反交效应,故部分自交系需严格控制正反交方式。 相似文献
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Summary To determine the levels of heterosis in F1 hybrids, four current pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars from southern Australia were used as female parents and crossed with 18 introduced genotypes. The 22 parents, 72 F1 hybrids and, depending on the environment, either 54 or all 72 F2 families were grown in replicated plots in four environments. Grain yield, total dry matter, harvest index, branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod, hundred seed weight, plant height, onset of flowering and flowering periods were evaluated. For both the F1 and F2 generation, heterosis was determined as the superiority over the mid-parent and also over the better parent. In addition, the superiority over the best commercial cultivar was calculated. Most hybrids were higher yielding than their mid-parent but were less stable in yield across environments. Four F1 hybrids were significantly higher yielding than the best parent, by up to 26%. There were significant correlations between F1 hybrid and mid-parent value for plant height, pods per plant and hundred seed weight but not for yield. Overall, grain yield heterosis was mainly due to more pods per plant in the hybrids. The level of heterosis for yield in a poor yielding environment was higher than that in a high yielding one. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were important in the expression of all studied traits. The average level of heterosis for grain yield and total dry matter in the F2 population was half of that in F1 hybrids. The low level of inbreeding depression from the F1 to the F2 generation suggested that epistatic gene action also contributed to the expression of grain yield. Some F2 populations maintained the high yield levels of the corresponding F1 hybrids. 相似文献
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玉米杂种优势的研究对于提高玉米产量和品质有重要意义。对2013年海南三亚种植收获的89份温带自交系、59份热带/亚热带自交系和由这148份自交系随机组配的179份杂交组合进行当代子粒性状的测定。分析了温带玉米与热带/亚热带玉米自交系子粒性状的多样性与差异性,同时依据亲本来源的不同,探索了不同组合的杂交当代子粒性状的差异性。结果表明：温带来源的玉米自交系粒长和百粒重比热带/亚热带材料的粒长和百粒重显著偏长偏重;不同来源的自交系组配的杂交当代F1,母本来源于温带的杂交当代F1粒长显著长于母本来源于热带/亚热带材料;杂种优势分析结果说明,杂交当代F1在粒厚和百粒重性状上表现的相对高亲和相对中亲优势强于粒长和粒宽。 相似文献
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Estimates of combining abilities and heterosis of inbred lines are imperative for selection of suitable parents of maize hybrids. This study examined the combining ability of 24 drought-tolerant maize inbred lines, 12 each from International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). The lines were allotted into six groups each comprising four lines. The four lines in one group were used as females and crossed to the four lines in another group as males in six different sets using a North Carolina Design II mating scheme to generate 96 hybrids. The hybrids were evaluated together with four checks across six environments in the rainforest and savannah agro-ecologies of Nigeria between 2011 and 2012. The parental inbred lines were also evaluated in separate trial in each location. Significant hybrids × environment interaction was observed for grain yield and other measured traits. GCA effects accounted for 83.3% of the variation for grain yield at Bagauda, 78.1% at Saminaka, and 77.7% at Ikenne. GCA also contributed 91.1 and 80.0% to the variation observed for plant height and ear aspect, respectively, across the environments. Significant SCA × environment interaction detected for grain yield suggests that hybrids were not stable across test environments. Prediction of grain yield in hybrids using midparent values resulted in a R 2 value of 0.13. Midparent heterosis for grain yield varied from 80 to 411%, with the top 36 hybrids recording >200%. Four CIMMYT (EXL02, EXL06, EXL04 and EXL16) and three IITA (ADL33, ADL41, and ADL32) inbred lines had positive and significant GCA effects for grain yield across environments. The novel alleles present in the CIMMYT lines will improve the adapted IITA germplasm in a new population for extracting new set of more productive inbred lines for developing adapted high yielding drought-tolerant maize hybrids. 相似文献
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Combining ability information is necessary for selection of suitable advanced lines for hybridization and identification of promising hybrids for development of improved varieties. A number of 14 maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines and 91 related crosses were evaluated over two years, 2008 and 2009, in a temperate-zone of Iran. The objectives of the study were to identify the best general and specific combiners, heterosis and type of gene actions responsible for agronomic traits. Except for grain yield and growing degree day to milky, significant general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability were observed for all traits. The Baker ratio for plant height (0.15), ear height (0.26), growing degree day to milky stage (0.04), and grain yield (0.002) showed the predominance of non-additive gene effects in the expression of these traits. The heterosis observed for grain yield, grain number, pollination period, ear and plant height was considerably higher than that observed for other traits. The correlations (r) of F1 means and SCA effects were positive and significantly higher than that of r (F1, mid-parents) and r (F1, heterosis) for all the traits except cob percent, growing degree days to silking, and physiological maturity. MO17, K3547/5, and K3615/2 had negative GCA effects for growing degree day to milky stage and maturity. Among hybrids, MO17 × K3653/2, B73 × K3651/2, and K3545/6 × K3493/1 with positive SCAs for pollination period and grain yield had also negative SCA effects for degree day to silking and milky stages. Therefore, the use of these inbred lines and hybrids increases the response to selection for increasing grain yield and early maturity in maize. 相似文献
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Relationship between hybrid performance and AFLP based genetic distance in highland maize inbred lines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
B. W. Legesse A. A. Myburg K. V. Pixley S. Twumasi-Afriyie A. M. Botha 《Euphytica》2008,162(3):313-323
The objectives of this study were to determine the crossing performance of highland maize inbred lines for grain yield, days
to silk and plant height; estimate genetic distance (GD) among the inbred lines and in association with tester parents, and
to investigate the relationship of GD with hybrid performance and midparent heterosis (MPH). A total of 26 inbred lines were
crossed with six (population and line) testers in a factorial-mating scheme. The F1’s and the parents were evaluated at five locations in Ethiopia. Nine amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer
pairs were used to genotype all the parents. The F1’s were found to vary widely for grain yield and other traits measured. Yield superiority of more than 30% over the best hybrid
check was obtained for some testcross hybrids. Midparent heterosis on average was moderate for grain yield and, plant height.
And for days to silking, MPH values were mostly negative. Mean GD values determined from the inbred lines by population tester
(0.680) and line tester (0.661) combinations were not significantly different. Cluster analysis separated the tester parents
from the corresponding inbred lines. AFLP grouping of the inbred lines was in agreement with their pedigree records. Genetic
distances derived from the inbred lines × all testers and from the population testers’ sub-group were not positively correlated
with hybrid performance and MPH for most traits. In contrast, correlations of GDs involving the line testers’ sub-group with
F1’s and MPH were significantly positive but with low magnitude to be of predictive value. 相似文献