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冬小麦品种抗霜冻力的影响因素分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
应用移动式人工霜箱,研究了冬小麦幼穗抗霜冻力随发育期的变化规律。结果表明,随发育期进程,幼穗抗霜冻力呈下降趋势,从药隔前期开始进入低温敏感期。利用室内人工霜箱,在药隔前期对21个品种进行了抗霜冻力鉴定,进而分析了不同品种、冬春性、越冬抗冻力以及叶片可溶性糖含量等对冬小麦抗霜冻力的影响。结果表明,除少数品种有一定抗霜冻力外,多数品种抗霜冻力无显著差异。品种抗霜冻力与其冬春性和越冬抗冻力均无显著相关性,与叶片可溶性糖含量之间亦无显著相关性。 相似文献
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为了解‘吉尔’杧果秋梢生长规律及结果母枝质量与开花率的关系,应用调查研究和数理统计的方法,对‘吉尔’杧果采后一次秋梢与二次秋梢,结果母枝质量与末级梢成花率及花序大小的关系进行分析。分析结果表明：一次秋梢直径对二次秋梢直径和一次秋梢叶面积对二次秋梢叶面积有显著影响。随二次秋梢直径增粗,二次秋梢叶片数和叶面积增加;随二次秋梢长度加长,二次秋梢叶片数和叶面积增加。末级梢成花率与结果母枝直径为负相关关系,随结果母枝直径增粗,末级梢成花率下降;要获得80%~85%的末级梢成花率,结果母枝直径应在0.48~0.51 cm左右;花序体积与结果母枝直径关系最密切,与结果母枝长度、叶片数、叶面积也有显著相关。 相似文献
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马铃薯作为乌兰察布市主要农作物,连作障碍问题日益突出,已然影响产业可持续发展,减轻或消除连作障碍对马铃薯生产意义重大。以当地主栽品种“后期红”为试验材料,设置轮作、一年连作、二年连作等处理,从出苗后33天开始,每隔15d,测定叶片光合性能相关指标、土壤速效氮含量。结果表明,随着生育进程的推进,三种种植模式下的马铃薯叶面积指数LAI、相对叶绿素含量SPAD、光合速率Pn、蒸腾速率Tr等指标变化趋势相同;与对照轮作相比,二年连作会使马铃薯LAI、SPAD、Pn、Tr在某些生育期明显降低,而一年连作马铃薯的大部分指标无显著变化;二年连作土壤中的速效氮含量明显低于对照,一年连作与对照无明显差异;相关分析表明土壤速效氮含量与光合特性指标呈显著正相关。因此,适当增加马铃薯连作土壤中氮肥投入,尤其是中后期合理施肥,有助于提高光合特性。 相似文献
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高粱花后叶片缓慢衰老及持绿能提高高粱应对干旱等逆境胁迫能力,也与籽粒产量密切相关;在育种上已将叶片抗早衰性作为育种的优异性状以提高谷物产量及稳定性,栽培措施(包括施肥)也能够提高高粱花后叶片的抗早衰能力。为探明长期不同施肥处理对高粱花后叶片抗早衰性和叶片功能的影响, 2020和2021年在大田条件下研究了长期单施氮磷钾化学肥料(NPK)、化学肥料结合有机肥(NPKM)、化学肥料结合有机肥和秸秆还田(NPKMS)、有机肥和秸秆还田(MS)和不施肥(CK)各处理对高粱花后叶面积变化、叶片SPAD值、单位叶面积氮累积量(SLN)、叶片抗氧化酶活性及籽粒产量等影响。结果表明,施肥提高了高粱花后持绿叶面积、SPAD值和SLN值;与NPK比较,NPKM、NPKMS和MS能够有效控制持绿叶面积的衰减,提高上中下3个部位叶片的SPAD值和SLN值,其中MS与NPK处理氮投入相当。施肥也提高了不同部位叶片的SOD、POD和CAT抗氧化酶活性,降低了MDA的含量;与NPK比较,NPKM、NPKMS和MS显著提高了SOD、POD和CAT抗氧化酶活性和降低了MDA的含量。与CK和NPK比较,NPKM、NPKM... 相似文献
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不同栽培条件下大豆主要叶部性状与产量关系的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探讨不同栽培条件下大豆主要叶部性状与产量的关系,以垦农4号大豆为试验材料,设置5个不同的处理,分别测定了在5个不同生育时期的叶片干重、叶面积指数和叶绿素含量3项主要叶部性状指标。试验结果表明：单位土地面积上的3种主要叶部性状均与产量呈正相关。各处理不同生育时期群体的中部、中上部节位的叶干重与产量的相关性达到显著或极显著水平;R1期与R5期的叶面积指数与产量达显著正相关,R6期叶面积指数和全生育期的平均叶面积指数与产量达极显著正相关;在R5期,单位土地面积上的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素(a+b)的含量与产量达到了显著正相关。 相似文献
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本试验研究了轮作体系下窄行密植免耕与传统垄作对不同生育时期大豆单株叶片干重、叶绿素含量、群体叶片干重、叶面积指数、产量及构成因素的影响.结果表明,窄行密植免耕叶面积指数、群体叶片干重明显高于垄作大豆,单株叶片干重、叶片SPAD值低于垄作大豆;免耕处理下百粒重均小于垄作处理,但单株荚数、荚粒数均高于垄作大豆;免耕大豆产量明显高于垄作大豆. 相似文献
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近50年宁夏霜冻日数基本特征及变化趋势 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1961—2010年宁夏全区20个气象站的逐日最低气温资料,根据霜冻气候指标统计了霜冻日数。采用现代气候统计诊断方法,研究了近50年来宁夏全区及不同区域霜冻日数基本特征和变化趋势。结果表明：近50年宁夏平均每站每年的霜冻日数为10.4日次,其中春霜冻日数占58%,秋霜冻日数占42%;从区域上看,引黄灌区的霜冻日数最少,中部干旱带次之,南部山区最多;宁夏全区近50年来的年霜冻日数、春霜冻日数和秋霜冻日数均呈现明显减少趋势,3个区域的霜冻日数变化趋势与全区保持一致;年代际变化上,20世纪80年代前宁夏全区的霜冻日数多于近50年平均,而之后的两个时代均少于50年平均,3个区域的霜冻日数年代际变化与全区类似,春霜冻日数及秋霜冻日数的年代际变化与全年霜冻日数的变化规律相似;宁夏的霜冻日数突变发生在1986年,春霜冻日数突变发生在1991年,而秋霜冻突变出现在1974年。受气候变暖影响,宁夏的霜冻日数总体上呈现下降趋势。研究结果可为本区合理制定霜冻灾害防御措施提供依据。 相似文献
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Path-Coefficient Analysis of Leaf-Anatomical Characters Affecting Frost Injury in Potato 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Correlation and path-coefficient analysis for leaf-anatomical characters affecting frost injury was carried out in twenty eight varieties and accessions belonging to several wild and cultivated tuber-bearing species of Solanum in order to identify selection criteria in breeding for frost resistance in potato Palisade thickness and palisade proportion showed a significant negative correlation with frost injury Path-coefficient analysis revealed that palisade thickness had the highest direct negative effect on frost injury whereas leaf thickness, not conforming to its behaviour as found in simple correlation analysis, emerged ax the next highest factor to have direct positive effect on frost injury. Direct and indirect effects of these factors on frost injury vis a vis their interdependence were found to be in support ot the ‘palisade thickness method’ for screening frost resistant genotypes in potato breeding programmes. 相似文献
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基于县域单元的降尺度苹果花期冻害风险区划 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
为了有效利用气候资源,趋利避害,合理规划和发展陕西苹果产业;同时促进县域苹果种植布局优化,健康、可持续生产,依据5个苹果种植代表县县站与其境内区域站花期气温的关系,进行概率移植,借助各代表县县站1971—2012年花期气温数据,计算获得各代表县县站及其境内区域站苹果不同等级花期冻害的发生概率。根据对100多个历史灾害个例的分析结果,分别赋予苹果花期轻度、中度、重度等级冻害0.1、0.3、0.5的灾损系数。依据气候致灾风险的基本原理和模型,计算获得各代表县县站及其境内区域站的花期冻害风险指数,并基于GIS系统制作了各代表县的降尺度苹果花期冻害风险分布图。 相似文献
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Sangam Lal Dwivedi Suresh Pande Joginedi Narayan Rao Shyam Narayan Nigam 《Euphytica》2002,125(1):81-88
Late leaf spot (LLS) and rust cause substantial yield losses and reduce the fodder and seed quality in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Adoption of resistant cultivars by the semi-arid tropic farmers is the best option to overcome yield losses. Knowledge
on components of resistance to these diseases should facilitate the development of groundnut cultivars with enhanced resistance
to LLS and rust. The objectives of the experiments were to study the genetic variability and relationships among components
of resistance to LLS and rust, and assess their significance in disease resistance breeding. Fifteen interspecific derivatives
for LLS and 14 for rust and a susceptible control, TMV 2, were evaluated in a randomised complete block design with two or
three replications under greenhouse conditions. The experiments were repeated twice. Genotypic differences were highly significant
for all the traits studied. Resistance to LLS is due to longer incubation and latent periods, lesser lesions per leaf, smaller
lesion diameter, lower sporulation index, and lesser leaf area damage and disease score. Selection based on components of
resistance to LLS may not lead to plants with higher retained green leaf area. The remaining green leaf area on the plant
should, therefore, be the major selection criteria for resistance to LLS in breeding programs. Resistance to rust is due to
longer incubation and latent periods, fewer pustules per leaf, smaller pustule diameter, lower sporulation index, and lesser
leaf area damage and disease score. Rust resistant components appear to work additively, therefore, selection based on resistance
components together with green leaf area retained on the plant should be the basis of selecting for resistance to rust in
breeding programs. ICGV 99005, 99003, 99012, and 99015 for rust and ICGV 99006, 99013, 99004, 99003, and 99001 for LLS are
the better parents for use in resistance breeding programs.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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辽宁省初霜特征及预报技术指标初探 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
选取辽宁省秋季地面最低气温≤0℃的初日作为初霜日期,使用1961—2010年辽宁省14个测站初霜日期资料,分析初霜的时空分布规律。结果表明,自9月中下旬开始,辽宁省自西北、东北开始向南出现初霜,初霜出现日期,山区比平原地区早,沿海地区较晚,大连地区最晚。随着年代的变化,初霜出现日期整体呈推迟趋势。利用历史天气图资料,对近50年辽宁省初霜的天气特征进行分析,研究初霜出现前24 h的环流形势特征,总结初霜预报技术指标,规范预报业务流程,为实时预报业务提供参考。 相似文献
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Transfer of the Kosena Rfk1 gene,required in hybrid seed production,from oilseed rape to turnip rape
Radiant frost is a major abiotic stress, and one of the principal limiting factors for agricultural production worldwide,
including Australia. Legumes, including field pea, faba bean, lentil and chickpea, are very sensitive to chilling and freezing
temperatures, particularly at the flowering, early pod formation and seed filling stages. Radiant frost events occur when
plants and soil absorb the sunlight during the day time and radiate heat during the night when the sky is clear and the air
is still. Dense chilled air settles into the lowest areas of the canopy, where the most serious frost damage occurs. The cold
air causes nucleation of the intracellular fluid in plant tissues and the subsequent rupturing of the plasma membrane. Among
the cool season grain legume crops, chickpea, lentil and faba bean and field pea are the most susceptible to radiant frost
injury during the reproductive stages. The more sensitive stages are flowering and podding. Frost at the reproductive stage
results in flower abortion, poor pod set and impaired pod filling, leading to a drastic reduction in yield and quality. In
contrast, in the UK and European countries, frost stress is related to the vegetative stages and, in particular, the effects
of frost have been studied on cotyledon, uni/tri-foliolate leaf and seedling stages during the first few weeks of growth.
Few winter genotypes have been identified as frost tolerant at vegetative stages. Vegetative frost tolerance is not related
to reproductive frost tolerance, and hybrids from the vegetative frost-tolerant genotypes may not necessarily be tolerant
at the reproductive stage. Tolerance to radiant frost has an inverse relationship with plant age. In the field, frost tolerance
decreases from the vegetative stage to reproductive stage. Unlike wheat and barley, it is difficult to analyse and score frost
damage in grain legume crops due to the presence of various phenophases on one plant at the reproductive stage. The extent
of frost damage depends on the specific phenophases on a particular plant. However, current studies on genetic transformation
of cold tolerant gene(s), membrane modifications, anti-freeze substances and ice nucleating or inhibiting agents provide useful
information to improve our current understanding on frost damage and related mechanisms. The effects of frost damage on yield
and grain quality illustrate the significance of this area of research. This review discusses the problem of radiant frost
damage to cool season legumes in Australia and the associated research that has been carried out to combat this problem locally
and worldwide. The available literature varies between species, specific climatic conditions and origin. 相似文献
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为蒙西地区玉米栽培及试验数据分析评价提供参考,以玉米品种‘伊单52’和‘伊单81’为试验材料,进行大田试验。应用GGE双标图法分析研究3 个氮肥水平和5 个密度水平下玉米产量、叶面积指数、干物质变化。结果表明在A2 氮肥水平下,‘伊单52’叶面积指数高于A1 和A3 氮肥水平,‘伊单52’和‘伊单81’群体干物质积累量最高。‘伊单52’和‘伊单81’在5 个密度、3 个肥料水平下的产量、叶面积指数、群体干物质重GGE双标图中,分别展示了各处理真实信息的82.3%和70.7%。 相似文献
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引进马铃薯种质资源在干旱半干旱区的表型性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
马铃薯种质资源缺乏,适宜干旱半干旱条件下生长的品种更为紧缺,引进马铃薯种质是丰富种质资源的有效途径。本文采用Shannon-Wiener’s多样性指数及综合得分(F值)对119份从秘鲁国际马铃薯中心引进的马铃薯材料的表型性状(出苗率、株高、茎粗、叶面积、生育期、单株结薯数、单株产量、商品率、干物质含量和块茎长宽比)进行遗传多样性分析及综合评价。结果表明,参试材料的10个表型性状中生育期遗传多样性最为丰富;茎粗、叶面积、生育期、单株结薯数、单株产量、商品率、干物质含量、块茎长宽比对马铃薯种质资源表型性状综合值具有显著影响,这些指标可用于旱作条件下对马铃薯种质资源的综合评价;综合得分F值与所测经济性状(单株产量、商品率、干物质)具显著相关性,可作为马铃薯种质资源的主要评价指标;引进材料中CIP393228.67和CIP 385561.124在干旱区,CIP304350.95、CIP392797.22、CIP388615.22在半干旱区分别表现出较好的丰产稳产特性。这些材料综合评价较好,可有效补充中国马铃薯种质资源。 相似文献
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As an important derivative parameter of optical spectrum, spectral index could reflect the leaf nitrogen accumulation of crops. However, the sensitive spectral index varies with different environments and crops. In order to obtain the sensitive spectral index for potato in Inner Mongolia, field experiments were conducted in Chayouzhongqi and Hangjinqi of Inner Mongolia from 2016 to 2018, and during the potato growth period, the canopy spectrum information of potato cultivars Kexin 1 and Shepody was obtained using a handheld spectrometer (SVC HR-1024i). Based on the previous spectral indices algorithm, the correlation coefficients between the leaves nitrogen accumulation of potato (LNA) and each of the 22 spectral indices were compared, and the nitrogen nutrition diagnosis models of potato at critical growth stages were established using linear and nonlinear regression analysis. The results were as follows: (1) the red edge area was the main spectral band for inverting the LNA of potato, and Vogelmann red edge index 2 (VOG2), Vogelmann red edge index 3 (VOG3) were the sensitive spectral indices for potato LNA in Inner Mongolia, which composed of 715, 720, 726, 734, and 747 nm of spectral bands. (2) At the seedling stage, tuber formation stage or whole growth stage, the quadratic regression models (R 2 > 0.75) between VOG3 and LNA could estimate better the LNA of potato under different nitrogen levels using VOG3. (3) The root mean square error (RMSE) of the models was 4.04-6.69, 9.45-10.89, 9.17-13.45 kg hm -2, indicating the accuracy of using the models to predict potato LNA varies with potato growth stage, and it was lower at late growth stages, while it is higher for whole growth duration. In summary, the staged modeling for potato early growth period and the unified modeling for potato later growth period could accurately estimate the potato LNA, which provides a theoretical basis and method for the application of spectral indices in the nitrogen nutrition diagnosis of potato. 相似文献