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1.
山东省主要土壤中稀土的含量与分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文研究了山东省主要土壤类型中稀土全量和可溶态含量与分布状况,并对影响可溶态稀土含量的因素进行了探讨和分析。结果表明,四个土类之间稀土的可溶态含量变幅较大,以砂姜黑土的平均含量最高（１７．３９±７．８９ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,其次是棕壤（１４．７１±５．７３ｍｇ／ｋｇ）和褐土（１１．２９±３．８５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,潮土最低（８．９９±４．９１ｍｇ／ｋｇ）。统计分析结果证明,可溶态稀土含量与稀土全量之间有极显著的 相似文献
2.
贵州中部山区植烟土壤有机质含量与海拔和成土母质之间的关系 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
土壤有机质含量影响着烤烟的产量和品质,与成土母质类型关系密切。本文在贵州中部山区7个烤烟主产县共采集了42个典型烟田耕层多点混合农化样品和来自剖面的165个发生层样品。对土壤有机质含量分析结果表明,贵州中部山区植烟土壤有机质含量的平均值为27.7 g/kg,变幅为24.3~31.6 g/kg,变异系数为9.48%,土壤有机质含量总体处于全国第二次土壤普查肥力评价标准中的三级水平(20~30 g/kg),总体处于植烟适宜水平;贵州中部山区植烟土壤有机质含量与海拔高度呈极显著正相关关系;沟谷堆积物母质发育的土壤有机质含量显著高于第四纪红土和岩类风化残积-坡积物母质发育的土壤;在剖面垂直分布上,土壤有机质含量均表现出较强的表聚性,表现出较明显的从上往下依次递减的规律,不同成土母质发育形成的土壤在相同土层上有机质含量由高到低依次是沟谷堆积物第四纪红土岩类风化残积-坡积物。 相似文献
3.
对江西 1 1种母质发育的有代表性的水稻土、旱作地、自然土壤 ,61个剖面 ,4 1 2个土样的可溶态稀土元素分析测定 ,统计结果表明 :江西土壤稀土元素的强度因素处于较高水平 ,平均值为 1 9 0mg/kg ,有 4 2 80 %的样点处于丰富级 ;有由南向北 ,由东向西逐渐降低的趋势 .其含量最高的地区是赣南由花岗岩、泥质岩、第四纪红粘土、酸性紫色土、碳质岩类风化物等母质发育的土壤 ,较低的为赣西北由石英岩 ,第三纪红砂岩、石灰岩、下蜀系黄土等母质发育的土壤 ;在土壤剖面分布中 ,旱作地表层低于底层 ,水稻土表层有生物富集作用高于底层 ;影响土壤中可溶态稀土元素含量的主要因子有 :成土母质 ,气候条件 (温度 ,降水量 ) ,土壤 pH ,土壤质地和耕作类型 相似文献
4.
论述了临沂市土壤中硼、锌、锰、铜、铁等5种主要微量元素的状况与其它因素的关系。有效硼含量0.09~3.67 mg/kg,平均0.35 mg/kg;有效锰22~572 mg/kg,平均244 mg/kg;有效锌0.15~4.02 mg/kg,平均0.53 mg/kg;有效铜0.09~5.78 mg/kg,,平均1.03 mg/kg;有效铁3.2~162 mg/kg,平均21.5 mg/kg;有效锰2.0~131.4 mg/kg,平均23.4 mg/kg。不同土壤类型的以上5种微量元素有明显差异,其特征是砂姜黑土缺锌,棕壤、水稻土富含铁、铜、锰、锌;成土母质是影响土壤微量元素的重要因素之一,发育在基性岩上的土壤一般含量较高,而由红土母质发育的土壤则含量较低。土壤有机质含量与土壤微量元素有明显正相关关系,其中速效锌、速效硼和速效铜与有机质的关系尤为显著。 相似文献
5.
长白山国家级自然保护区垂直带土壤-植物系统中Pb的变异特征及其影响因素 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文研究了长白山国家级自然保护区垂直带土壤-植物系统中Pb元素含量的水平变异和垂直变异特征。结果表明,垂直带土壤Pb含量均在25mg/kg以上,且各土壤带Pb的平均含量与其变异程度相反,棕色针叶林土Pb平均含量最低但变异最大,而山地生草森林土Pb平均含量最高但变异最小;垂直带植物Pb含量均低于克拉克值,与垂直带土壤Pb含量高低基本相吻合,但其变异以高山苔原带变异最大,岳桦林带变异最小;植物Pb含量垂直分异显著高于土壤Pb含量,变异系数达89.76%;植物对Pb的富集能力依植物种类及器官不同而异;成土母质和母岩、土壤pH值、有机质及土壤质地是影响Pb在土壤-植物系统中分异的主要因素。 相似文献
6.
为了解云南耕地土壤硒含量状况,采集了640个云南代表性耕地表层土壤样品,对土壤硒含量空间分布特征及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明:(1)云南省耕地土壤硒总量变幅在0.05～7.12 mg/kg,平均含量为0.51 mg/kg,达到富硒水平;(2)不同成土母质发育的土壤硒含量差异较大,基型结晶盐类的玄武岩等发育的土壤硒含量最高,平均为0.77 mg/kg;(3)土壤类型对硒的含量影响明显,其中棕壤硒含量平均为1.24mg/kg,显著高于其他土壤类型,石灰(岩)土硒含量最低仅为0.21mg/kg;从行政区看位于滇东的曲靖市和昭通市土壤硒平均含量明显高于其他州市;(4)相关分析表明,土壤硒含量与土壤p H之间的相关性均没有达到显著水平;而土壤硒含量与土壤有机质呈极显著的正相关性(r=0.110,P 0.001),说明有机质影响土壤硒的含量。 相似文献
7.
山西小麦主产区土壤中钴含量状况及影响因素研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验分析研究了山西省小麦主产区之一——运城市土壤中钴的含量状况及其影响因素。研究结果表明。运城市4县区土壤全钴含量为1.65～17．85mg／kg，平均6．00mg／kg，略高于缺钴临界值5．0mg／kg，而低于全国平均值11．2mg／kg;土壤有效钴含量为0．060～2．235mg／kg,平均0．694mg／kg。在34个土样中，大约有60％的样品有效钴含量低于均值．而含量高于均值的土样仅占总样品数的40％。试验区主要土类褐土和潮土全钴含量分别为6．17mg／kg和4．73mg／kg，有效钴含量分别为0．708mg／kg和0．589mg／kg。影响土壤中全钴含量的因素主要是成土母质、成土过程和铁锰含量，影响有效钴含量的因素主要是成土母质、成土过程和有机质。 相似文献
8.
安徽省宁国市土壤和农产品硒地球化学特征及影响因素 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
以安徽省宁国市全域表层土壤和主要农产品为研究对象,系统采集了6 278件土壤样品和216件农作物样品,研究了土壤全硒含量的分布特征及其主要影响因素,分析了土壤有效硒含量特征和农产品硒含量特征。结果表明:宁国市土壤全硒含量平均值为0.645 mg/kg,富硒土壤样点数和面积占比分别为57.45%、70.30%。土壤硒含量主要受成土母质控制,震旦系和寒武系下统发育土壤硒含量显著高于其他成土母质;不同土地利用方式对土壤硒含量有一定的影响,园地和林地土壤比水田、旱地土壤更易富集硒元素;土壤硒含量与有机质、重金属元素含量存在显著的正相关关系(P0.01),与土壤p H没有显著相关性。土壤有效硒含量平均值为0.023 mg/kg,水稻、山核桃、茶叶中硒含量平均值分别为0.065、0.022、0.074 mg/kg,水稻、山核桃富硒率高达24.04%和54.88%,富硒山核桃具有广阔的开发前景。 相似文献
9.
选取秦岭地槽和川中前陆盆地结合部的重庆市城口县为研究区,采集表土样品115件,测定土壤p H、有机质(SOM)、主量元素、全硒(Setotal)和磷酸盐提取态硒(Sebioa)含量。结果显示：研究区表土Setotal含量在0.013～14.5 mg/kg,中值为0.510 mg/kg,86.1%的土壤样品硒含量高于0.175 mg/kg,表明研究区表土整体处于富硒水平;表土Sebioa含量中值为0.046 mg/kg。整体上,乌坪断裂以北地区表土Setotal和Sebioa含量较高。随着地层从新到老其上发育的土壤Setotal和Sebioa含量增高,表明研究区成土母岩控制着表土中硒及其生物有效性。综上,即使在高硒地质背景区,土壤硒及其生物有效性含量的分布也具有显著性差异,而这种差异主要由成土母岩控制,但也受到其他成土因素制约。 相似文献
10.
火山岩海岛土壤硒元素空间分异及富集机制研究——以广西涠洲岛为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择广西北海涠洲岛作为研究区，网格化采集涠洲岛表层土壤样品106件、成土母岩16件，对亚热带环境下火山岩海岛土壤硒元素空间分布特征及赋存形态进行研究，并探讨其影响机制。结果表明，涠洲岛表层土壤中全硒自然变化范围为0.005~0.567 mg/kg，平均为0.287 mg/kg，足硒和富硒土壤占全岛总面积的70.87%。涠洲岛表层土壤中硒赋存形态的分布规律为：残渣态（78.06%）>有机结合态（10.58%）>酸溶态（7.76%）>可交换态（2.86%）>水溶态（0.74%）。不同成土母岩的全硒含量有显著差异，全硒含量最高的是火山碎屑岩，其次是玄武岩和含生物碎屑海滩沉积物。成土母岩与其相应土壤中全硒含量变化具有很好的套合性，全硒含量由火山碎屑岩、玄武岩和含生物碎屑海滩沉积物发育的土壤中依次递减。火山岩风化土壤中硒元素的富集主要归因于对火山岩高背景硒含量的继承，同时硒元素在表生演化过程中容易被火山岩土壤中的铁、铝氧化物和有机质（OM）吸附。这种由火山岩风化形成的富硒土壤对海岛土地资源农业开发利用具有积极意义。 相似文献
11.
Suyundukov Ya. T. Suyundukova M. B. Bezuglova O. S. Khabirov I. K. Khasanova R. F. Semenova I. N. Rafikova Yu. S. Ilbulova G. R. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2022,55(1):27-35
Eurasian Soil Science - The results of the study of the properties of urban soils of the city of Sibay located in the mining region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. A specific... 相似文献
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Kholodov V. A. Farkhodov Y. R. Yaroslavtseva N. V. Ziganshina A. R. Maksimovich S. V. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2022,55(7):998-1004
Eurasian Soil Science - Layers were step-by-step removed from macroaggregates (2–1 mm in diameter) of Protocalcic Chernozems via successive abrasion in a revolving rotator during 5, 10, 15,... 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):1631-1646
Abstract Brazil has approximately 30 million hectares of lowland areas, known locally as “Varzea,”; distributed throughout the country. Soils in these areas have the potential to support agricultural production, but very little is known about their fertility. The current experiment was undertaken to characterize the chemical and physical properties of representative “Varzea”; soils collected at 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm depth intervals from 23 sites in Goias State of Brazil. Organic matter contents averaged 42 g/kg in the surface 20 cm of soil and should make a significant contribution to overall nutrient availability. Soil pH increased slightly with depth from a mean value of 5.2 in the surface 20 cm of soil to a mean value of 5.4 in the 60–80 cm depth interval. Several soils had exchangeable Al values ≥ 1.0 cmol Al/kg, but soil Al saturation was generally less than the 60% level frequently associated with Al toxicity. However, cereal and legume production could benefit from lime addition in many of these soils. Although base saturation was fairly low in some soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were, in general, adequate throughout the profile. Extractable P levels were adequate in most surface soil samples. Extractable K levels in these soils were generally low, and the application of K fertilizers should be beneficial, especially in conjunction with lime addition. The high clay content “Varzea”; soils of the Brazilian lowlands have some drainage problems but generally exhibit favorable chemical properties for crop production when compared to soils of the well‐drained Cerrados. 相似文献
16.
Ye. V. Rogozhina N. V. Kostina L. S. Malyukova 《Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin》2011,66(1):32-35
An estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of various soil types under agrophytocenoses of tea, filbert, peach, and
pawpaw which grow in the area of Greater Sochi is given. High indicators of nitrogen fixation activity in the soil in the
course of vegetation were characteristic of agrocenoses of pawpaw, peach, and filbert. The lowest level of nitrogen fixation
was noted in the soil of a tea plantation. A negative correlation dependence of potential nitrogen-fixing activity on the
acidity of the soil solution was established. A study of the seasonal dynamics of the activity of nitrogen fixation of soils
of agrocenoses of the subtropical zone of Russia made it possible to distinguish a less active winter and more active spring-summer-autumn
periods. 相似文献
17.
The rate of popping of popcorn was measured in oil and in air. Kinetic data for lifetimes of individual kernels from a large population were obtained in oil at six constant temperatures (180–250°C) and also in an air‐popper at 202°C. The data are characterized by an induction period, which is, significantly, followed by a first‐order decrease in the number of unpopped kernels versus time. The activation energy for the first order process is 166.7 kJ/mol between 180 and 210°C, and 53.8 kJ/mol between 210 and 250°C. These data are consistent with a model that assumes 1) that the rate of heat transfer into a kernel follows Newton's law of cooling; 2) that in a sample of kernels there exists a distribution of critical pressures; 3) that for an individual kernel, the probability of popping is directly proportional to the difference between the internal aqueous vapor pressure and the kernel's critical pressure; and 4) that the measured rate constant at any temperature is an average overall of the kernels in the sample with critical pressures equal to or less than the internal aqueous vapor pressure. Minimum popping temperatures predicted by the model are 181 ± 2°C (oil) and 187 ± 2°C (air), in good agreement with previously reported direct measurements. 相似文献
18.
物联网是一个集信息通信、数据交换、传感器技术与软件工程于一体的综合性产业,探讨和分析了物联网的结构体系与发展中遇到的安全问题。 相似文献
19.
荔枝种子从果实中剥离出来后, 即使在室内条件下, 也极易失水干缩, 潮湿环境中又易发霉而腐烂。扫描电镜观察表明: 种皮上布满纹孔, 水分散失面积很大; 种脐部为疏松的海绵组织, 且营养丰富。据此, 生产上应对种子彻底清洗, 并保存于适当湿度的环境中, 以提高其发芽率。 相似文献
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Max Frenzel Philip James Sara K. Burton Steven J. Rowland Hilary M. Lappin-Scott 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2009,9(2):129-136
Background, aim and scope Unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs) of aromatic hydrocarbons are widespread, but often overlooked, environmental contaminants.
Since UCMs are generally rather resistant to bacterial degradation, bioremediation of UCM-contaminated sites by bacteria is
a challenging goal. Branched chain alkyltetralins are amongst the individual classes of components of aromatic UCMs which
have been identified in hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments and a number of synthetic alkyltetralins have proved toxic in laboratory
studies. Thus, alkyltetralins should perhaps be amongst the targets for UCM bioremediation strategies. The slow degradation
of several alkyltetralins by a microbial consortium has been reported previously; however, the bacteria involved remain unidentified
and no single strain capable of alkyltetralin biodegradation has been isolated. The present project therefore aimed to enrich
and identify bacterial consortia and single strains of bacteria from a naturally hydrocarbon-contaminated site (Whitley Bay,
UK), which were capable of the degradation of two synthetic alkyltetralins (6-cyclohexyltetralin (CHT) and 1-(3’-methylbutyl)-7-cyclohexyltetralin
(MBCHT)).
Materials and methods Bacteria were enriched from sediment collected from Whitley Bay, UK by culturing with CHT and MBCHT for a period of 4 months.
Biodegradation experiments were then established and degradation of model compounds monitored by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
Internal standards allowed the generation of quantitative data. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed from individual
enrichments to allow assessment of microbial community structure. Selective media containing MBCHT were used to isolate single
bacterial strains. These strains were then tested in liquid culture for their ability to degrade MBCHT.
Results The consortia obtained through enrichment culture were able to degrade 87% of CHT and 76% of MBCHT after only 46 days compared
with abiotic controls. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene clone libraries of these bacteria were dominated by sequences of Rhodococcus spp. Using selective media, a strain of Rhodococcus was then isolated that was also able to biodegrade 63% of MBCHT in only 21 days.
Discussion The present report describes the isolation of a single bacterial strain able to degrade the resistant MBCHT. Although significant
losses of MBCHT were observed, putative metabolites were not detectable. Rhodococcus sp. have been reported previously to be able to biodegrade a range of hydrocarbon compounds.
Recommendations and perspectives Due to their environmental persistence and toxicity, aromatic UCMs require bioremediation. The culturing and identification
of such bacteria capable of rapid degradation of alkyltetralins may be an important step toward the development of bioremediation
strategies for sites contaminated with toxic UCMs. 相似文献