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植物油脂不仅是人类可食用油的主要来源,也是人类生产生活中重要的可再生原料.本文概述了植物油脂的生物合成途径,从母体效应、QTL、GWAS等多个方面总结了油料作物油脂合成的遗传学研究进展,同时探讨了已知的油脂合成调控相关基因的功能.本文综述了该领域的研究现状,为深入了解油料作物油脂合成调控网络提供了参考,也为油料作物的分... 相似文献
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植物油脂除食用外,在工业上也有广泛的用途,主要用于制造各种油漆和润滑油,和作为塑料工业的原料来源。目前,世界上约有40种植物作为油料作物生产植物油脂(Duffus和Slaushter,1980),但至今只有少量几种特油作物(如亚麻和蓖麻)大面积用于工业生产(Weiss,1983;Sa-lunkhe和Desai,1986)。因此,有必要开发新的油料作物来满足工业对植物油脂日益增长的需求。 相似文献
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《中国油料作物学报》2015,(6)
回顾近年来植物油脂中脂肪酸成分改良的育种研究及成果,并展望未来通过基因工程等改良脂肪酸成分的研究。通过自然突变筛选和人工诱变等手段,高油酸含量育种取得了较大进展,且高油酸油菜和大豆品种已成功推向市场。通过基因工程与传统育种手段相结合,已创造了芥酸含量为70%以上的油菜种质。通过导入外源基因,使得传统油料作物生产出含特殊脂肪酸的工业或能源用油脂成为可能。然而,对植物中脂肪酸代谢途径及其酶学活性调控的分子基础知识不足,仍然是制约油脂中脂肪酸成分调控的瓶颈因素。 相似文献
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油莎豆（Cyperus esculentus L.）是一种粮油饲兼用、综合利用价值较高的经济作物。其地下块茎富含油脂、淀粉、糖、蛋白质、膳食纤维等营养成分,地上茎叶可作为畜禽优质饲草。作为一种原产于沙漠地区的多用途作物,油莎豆具有适应性广、生物产量大、高附加值等特性,具有较大的开发应用潜力。我国丰富的沙地等边际土地资源为油莎豆产业发展提供了坚实的基础。目前,我国油莎豆产业基础已经形成,产业链条基本具备,发展前景广阔。本文概述了油莎豆特性与用途、研究与产业发展现状,分析了我国油莎豆产业发展潜力和存在问题,提出了产业发展对策与建议,以期为我国油莎豆产业健康快速发展提供参考。 相似文献
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中国花生产业降本增效新途径探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在主要油料作物中,花生单位面积产油量最高,发展花生产业对保障我国食用油脂安全具有越来越重要的作用。本文简述了中美花生产业发展概况,比较了中美两国花生生产成本和种植收益差异,分析了我国花生种植成本高、种植效益低和国际竞争力下降的主要原因。针对种、管、收、加工等全产业链的各环节,提出了我国花生降本提质增效的几条新途径,为降低花生生产成本、提高产量和质量、提升生产加工能力提供理论依据,对提升花生产业市场竞争力和实现农业增效、农民增收具有重要意义。 相似文献
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椰子是热带地区主要木本油料作物,也是食品能源作物;不仅口感清凉,风味独特,并含有大量的营养成分,并且具有解毒、美容、消毒等功效。随着椰子产业发展,对椰子需求越来越大,因此,椰子规模化生产发展迅速,关于椰子各方面研究非常重要,同时也受到人们重视。然而,与其他经济作物相比,椰子种质资源、栽培、产品加工及作用等研究较晚,研究基础较为薄弱,但是,近20 a来,国内外在椰子种质资源、栽培、生理生化、分子生物学、产品加工等及作用研究取得一些重要进展,为椰子生产和发展提供理论基础和技术支撑。本文综合分析了椰子种植资源收集、鉴定评价、创新利用、耕作栽培、栽培生理等研究进展情况,并介绍了椰子产品加工利用的研究进展,就进一步的研究和利用提出具体建议,以期为今后椰子产业发展提供参考。 相似文献
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麻类作物是重要的特色经济作物,为高端纺织、食品医药、生物材料等领域提供重要工业原料,持续加强麻类产业科技创新对我国农业农村现代化建设具有重要意义。针对新时期麻类产业发展承担的新职能,文章梳理了近年来我国麻类产业技术研发重要进展,分析了麻类产业发展面临的新挑战,并结合新兴技术研发态势,提出了我国麻类产业科技创新的重点任务。研究建议：新时期我国麻类产业科技创新应进一步夯实种质资源研究,推进现代生物育种技术应用;加快抗逆丰产技术创新,在盐旱渍涝污染等边际土地中拓展种植空间;研发全产业链绿色低碳技术,促进麻类生产高产高质高效;创新加强麻类新材料创制,带动麻类产业创新发展,赋能粮食安全与重要农产品有效供给。 相似文献
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Systemic and asymptomatic Neotyphodium fungal endophytes infect numerous species of the Poaceae. The frequencies of Neotyphodium endophyte infection in Finland were investigated among and within seven Nordic cultivars of meadow fescue, Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv., which is a widely grown pasture and forage grass species in Scandinavia. The cultivars were Kasper, Salten, Antti, Fure, Ilmari, Inkeri and Kalevi. Frequencies of infection of cultivars varied from endophyte-free cultivar Fure to highly infected cultivar Inkeri [mean (standard deviation of mean) of 0·95 (0·023)]. Mean frequencies of infection of three cultivars remained lower than 0·10, and two of the cultivars, Kasper and Salten, were intermediately infected. In most of the cultivars, frequencies of infection varied only slightly among seed lots. In cultivar Kasper, however, the frequency of endophyte infection was highly variable (0–0·96) among the 45 seed lots examined. The relative importance of cultivar, seed lot and infection by Neotyphodium endophyte to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. was studied experimentally, using both endophyte-free and endophyte-infected plants of four seed lots of the two intermediately infected cultivars. Endophyte infection increased plant resistance to R. padi , overriding the influences of seed lot and cultivar. It is proposed that variation caused by endophyte infections in cultivars of meadow fescue should be taken into account in assessing plant breeding programmes in Europe. 相似文献
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Quynh-Hoa Pham Xuan-An Tran Thi-Nha-Trang Nguyen Thi-Thuy-Anh Tran Hai-Yen Hoang Thi-Hong-Van Nguyen Thi-Hanh Tang Thi-Phuc Do 《水稻科学》2016,23(6):334
Rice(Oryza sativa) is sensitive to salinity, but the salt tolerance level differs among cultivars, which might result from natural variations in the genes that are responsible for salt tolerance. High-affinity potassium transporter(HKTs) has been proven to be involved in salt tolerance in plants. Therefore, we screened for natural nucleotide polymorphism in the coding sequence of Os HKT1, which encodes the HKT protein in eight Vietnamese rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance level. In total, seven nucleotide substitutions in coding sequence of Os HKT1 were found, including two non-synonymous and five synonymous substitutions. Further analysis revealed that these two non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions(G50T and T1209A) caused changes in amino acids(Gly17Val and Asp403Glu) at signal peptide and the loop of the sixth transmembrane domain, respectively. To assess the potential effect of these substitutions on the protein function, the 3D structure of HKT protein variants was modelled by using PHYRE2 webserver. The results showed that no difference was observed when compared those predicted 3D structure of HKT protein variants with each other. In addition, the codon bias of synonymous substitutions cannot clearly show correlation with salt tolerance level. It might be interesting to further investigate the functional roles of detected non-synonymous substitutions as it might correlate to salt tolerance in rice. 相似文献
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1 前 言目前 ,马铃薯脱毒快繁技术已广泛应用于科研与生产中 ,快繁过程中脱毒苗培养基支持体通常采用琼脂或直接采用液体培养。然而这两种培养基存在着诸多问题 ,例如琼脂培养基中的琼脂价格昂贵、成本高 ,而且胶体不利于营养物质的扩散、透气性差 ,导致瓶苗生长不良。因此 ,该实验在本着降低成本的同时 ,又能保证瓶苗正常生长的前提下 ,以蛭石代替琼脂 ,分析其在实际生产中的应用价值。2 材料与方法2 1 材料供试品种为郑薯 6号脱毒苗 ,试验于 2 0 0 2年在郑州市蔬菜研究所马铃薯脱毒实验室内进行。2 2 方法本试验设两个处理 :处理 1… 相似文献
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利用Matlab软件对玉米子粒灌浆过程用Richards方程进行拟合后,通过编程实现灌浆次级特征参数计算,并对不同播期子粒灌浆特征进行分析和探讨。结果表明,在黑龙港地区生态条件下,不同播期玉米各部位子粒灌浆均符合"S"形生长曲线,可用Richards方程很好地拟合。不同播期条件下,早播处理子粒起始势最高,达到灌浆盛期时间最早,平均灌浆速率及最大灌浆速率最大,活跃灌浆期较长,粒重最高。各播期玉米不同部位子粒,穗下部与上部相比,子粒的起始生长势较大,平均灌浆速率较高,达到灌浆高峰期时间较短,粒重较高。 相似文献
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试验以5个生产用马铃薯品种脱毒试管苗为材料,采用组织培养的方法,初步研究了茎切段在正常磷及低磷培养基中生长30 d时幼苗的磷营养效率差异,为筛选出适宜于生产用的磷高效马铃薯品种奠定了基础。试验结果表明,5个马铃薯品种幼苗在正常磷和低磷胁迫下对磷素的吸收和利用能力均存在明显的基因型差异。利用各品种幼苗的磷效率指标(植株干重、鲜重、吸磷量、磷利用效率)的相对指标(低磷处理的结果/正常磷处理的结果×100)进行聚类分析(类平均法)的结果表明,大白和I-1035属于磷高效基因型品种,中农Ⅷ是磷低效基因型品种,凉薯97和疫不加则属于中间类型品种。 相似文献
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Russell Pressey 《American Journal of Potato Research》1969,46(8):291-297
Freshly harvested potatoes contain low levels of total invertase and high levels of invertase inhibitor. Total invertase increases sharply when potatoes are placed in cold storage, but the inhibitor is not depleted in all varieties. The absence of basal invertase activity in Norchip tubers indicates that an excess of invertase is not required for reducing sugar formation. Analyses of 37 varieties and seedlings after 3 months cold storage revealed that the reducing sugar content is not proportional to the invertase activity. High sugar contents are associated with low inhibitor levels, but low sugars are not necessarily associated with high inhibitor levels. The results indicate that invertase participates in reducing sugar formation, but other factors are responsible for the regulation of starch-sugar conversion in potatoes during cold storage. 相似文献
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Soomro MT Zahir E Mohiuddin S Khan AN Naqvi II 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(2):285-289
In present study, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd were analyzed by FAAS in green and black tea samples of locally available in the Pakistani market. Na and K were also determined by Flame Photometer. Tea leaves can be the source of mineral components and trace elements, as well as some undesirable substances due to exposure to the environment. Among the metals tested, K was the most abundant one followed by Na, Mn and Fe. Fortunately, toxic heavy metals, Pb and Cd, had the lowest contents in tea samples and also in tea aqueous extracts. Concentration of heavy metals in tea aqueous extract was markedly lower than their total contents except that of K. The solubility of studied metals in tea aqueous extract varied widely and ranged from 0.0-95%. The lowest ranges of solubility were listed for toxic heavy metals Pb and Cd. The possible uptake of metals by the human body from tea aqueous extract has also been determined. The amounts of metals that one may take up through consumption of tea aqueous extract were found to match the acceptable daily intake even taking into account exposure from air, food and drinking water. 相似文献
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马铃薯试管苗组织培养及微型薯诱导技术的研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
通过加入不同浓度的BA、NAA和KT,以探讨外源激素对马铃薯试管苗生理性状的影响,发现低浓度的外源激素较适合用来进行试管苗的增殖。本试验利用香豆素进行微型薯的诱导,结果表明低浓度的香豆素对提高薯重和大薯率有利,而高浓度有利于提高微型薯的结薯数量。 相似文献