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1.
松墨天牛(Monochamus alternatus Hope) (又名松褐天牛、松天牛)属鞘翅目,天牛科,墨天牛属,是松属树种如马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb.)、黑松(P.thunbergii Parl.)、云南松(Pinus yunnanensis Franch)和思茅松(P. kesiya var. langbianensis(A.chev.)Gaussen)等的重要蛀干害虫,主要危害生长衰弱的树木或新伐倒木,造成松树枯死,同时还传播松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylopilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle)萎蔫病[1-2].松墨天牛在云南主要危害云南松,目前分布范围已经扩展到43县(市),并在部分地方成灾,加大了松材线虫病传入的可能性[3].松墨天牛在滇中地区1年1代,雌成虫在树干上咬出长椭圆刻槽,将卵产在刻槽中部的表皮层下,幼虫生长发育至一定阶段蛀入木质部, 在边材表面留下椭圆形的蛀入孔;蛀入木质部的幼虫在蛀道内取食,老熟幼虫在蛀道末端构筑蛹室化蛹,成虫从蛹室向外咬出近圆形的羽化孔爬出[4-5].松墨天牛是典型的钻蛀性害虫,调查和防治非常困难.前人曾经对松墨天牛在马尾松和思茅松上的分布规律进行了研究[6-8],但这些研究是某一时间段天牛的危害痕迹或幼虫在树干上的分布,对于天牛产卵刻槽、蛀入孔和羽化孔的数量关系,目前还没有相关报道.本文对松墨天牛的产卵刻槽、蛀入孔和羽化孔在云南松树干的垂直分布规律及其数量关系进行了调查分析,旨在为松墨天牛的林间调查和防治提供参考. 相似文献
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[目的]松材线虫病是我国对森林危害和威胁最严重的病害,控制其传播媒介昆虫松褐天牛是防治松材线虫病的主要手段。作者发现的松褐天牛深沟茧蜂(Iphiaulax monochamusi Yang)是寄生松褐天牛中老龄幼虫的重要天敌。为明确松褐天牛深沟茧蜂的寄生率与寄主树木、寄主和环境因子的关系,开展了本研究。[方法]通过解剖46株松褐天牛危害致死的马尾松,调查了松褐天牛深沟茧蜂寄生率与马尾松、松褐天牛和环境因子之间的关系。[结果]调查研究表明:寄主树木的高度、胸径和树龄对松褐天牛深沟茧蜂寄生率没有显著影响,松褐天牛的数量对松褐天牛深沟茧蜂寄生率亦没有显著影响,而松褐天牛幼虫龄期和松褐天牛幼虫在树干上的位置显著影响松褐天牛深沟茧蜂寄生率。松褐天牛深沟茧蜂寄生率与松褐天牛龄期呈显著正相关,其偏好寄生3~5龄幼虫;就天牛在其危害寄主树木上的位置而言,松褐天牛深沟茧蜂偏好寄生马尾松主干上部和在韧皮部危害的松褐天牛幼虫,其对位于马尾松树干上部的寄主幼虫寄生率最高,达27.38%,对在韧皮部生活、危害的寄主幼虫寄生率为20.18%,显著高于位于木质部生活的寄主幼虫寄生率(5.46%)。逐步回归分析表明:影响松褐天牛深沟茧蜂寄生率的关键环境因子是寄主树木的坡位和其它天敌寄生率,其中,坡位与松褐天牛深沟茧蜂呈显著正相关,其它天敌寄生率与松褐天牛深沟茧蜂寄生率呈显著负相关。[结论]以上研究初步明确了松褐天牛深沟茧蜂的寄生率与寄主树木、寄主害虫和天敌之间的关系,为今后利用该重要天敌控制松褐天牛打下了基础。 相似文献
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松褐天牛是松材线虫传播的中间媒介,松材线虫疫区周围松褐天牛虫口密度直接影响松材线虫病的传播速度,不及时防治,可导致松材线虫病的蔓延。因此,要掌握松褐天牛成虫羽化、产卵、幼虫蛀食三个时期的生活特性,对做好松褐天牛危害防治工作极为有利。松褐天牛生活习性:1年1代,以老熟幼虫在坑道中或树孔内越冬。浙江5月初,越冬幼虫在虫道末端蛹室中化蛹。5月中旬成虫羽化,此时虫道中有成虫、蛹、幼虫同时存在。5月下旬成虫咬1个圆形羽化孔出树,取食幼枝嫩皮为补充营养。成虫喜在疏林、光线充足的林地内活动产卵。产卵时,先在病树或衰弱树干或枝… 相似文献
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松墨天牛幼虫在马尾松上的分布规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对松墨天牛(Monochamus alternatus)蛀入孔、蛹室和羽化孔在马尾松树上的分布规律进行了调查研究,结果表明:在马尾松树上的松墨天牛蛀入孔、蛹室和羽化孔数量随着树体高度的增加呈"钟形"分布,主要集中在寄主的中部,其中2~5 m高树干上的蛀入孔数量占总蛀入孔的64.88%,2~5 m高树干上的蛹室数量占总蛹室的62.44%,3~6 m的羽化孔占总羽化孔的63.47%;松墨天牛的蛀入孔、蛹室和羽化孔在树枝上的分布数量显著高于树干上的分布,说明树枝是幼虫的主要分布部位,同时也是松墨天牛越冬的重要场所;蛀入孔、蛹室和羽化孔的数量与马尾松树胸径没有明显相关性,而且其在马尾松树南北两侧的分布差异也不显著。 相似文献
5.
松褐天牛在松树枯死木枝干中种群动态研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对松材线虫病疫区黑松，马尾松松材线虫病死木的树干解剖发现，90%的黑松的83.3%的马尾松病死木有松褐天牛产卵痕，幼虫蛀入孔和成虫羽化孔，但也有部分是松褐天牛补充营养时带入线虫而致病的，松褐天牛活动区域主要集中在树干的中部或中下部，但随树高的增加而拉伸；黑松，马尾松上松褐天牛幼虫蛀入孔总数比产卵痕总数分别下降了41.88%和37.45%；成虫羽化孔总数比幼虫蛀入孔总数分别下降了19.17%和28.26%；离地50cm内树干基部及直径3cm以上的梢头也有松褐天牛幼虫蛀入和成虫逸出，在生产中应引起注意。 相似文献
6.
对三清山高海拔栎林中云斑白条天牛Batocera lineolata Chevrolat补充营养、产卵刻槽、排粪孔、羽化孔等危害情况进行调查。结果表明,云斑白条天牛成虫与幼虫的主要寄主均为小叶青冈和多脉青冈。成虫啃食1～2 a生的枝皮补充营养。同一受害植株,树干阳面受害重。受害树木胸径集中在14～31 cm范围内。虫害部位主要分布在树干4 m以下区域。统计分析表明小叶青冈受害株产卵刻槽数与胸径呈负线性相关,羽化孔、产卵刻槽高度与胸径呈正线性相关;幼虫活动区间(羽化孔与产卵刻槽的高度差)与胸径相关不显著。 相似文献
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松褐天牛(Monochamus alternatus)是松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)的主要传播媒介,其传播的松材线虫病对我国林业造成了巨大的经济和生态损失.研究松褐天牛繁殖行为及其影响因素,不仅有助于控制其种群扩散,更有助于深入揭示松树-松褐天牛-松材线虫-微生物4者间的协同进化关系.该文综述了近年来关于松褐天牛繁殖行为方面的研究进展,包括异性定位、交配行为和节律、产卵行为和影响繁殖行为的因素.该虫可通过视觉和嗅觉器官觅偶;除正常交配外,还存在"同性抱对"现象;交配和产卵行为主要发生在夜间;繁殖行为受温度、降雨、寄主、自身个体大小、性比、松材线虫及微生物的影响;不同的交配次数影响雌虫繁殖力和寿命;雌虫制作有效刻槽和空刻槽的调控机理尚不明确.指出了该虫繁殖方面潜在的理论研究方向及基于该虫繁殖行为继续研究的防控技术方向. 相似文献
10.
研究测定了松褐天牛肿腿蜂对松褐天牛1～3龄幼虫的控制作用,采用林间和室内罩网相结合的方法研究了2组松褐天牛肿腿蜂对松褐天牛幼虫的寄生情况.结果显示:在室内试验条件下,松褐天牛肿腿蜂产卵之前的刺蛰、补充营养取食能直接造成松褐天牛1～3龄幼虫死亡,对1、2及3龄幼虫的平均致死率分别为95.66％、85.91％、57.88％,并可产卵寄生2、3龄幼虫;林间释放2组松褐天牛肿腿蜂后,在刺蛰和补充营养取食后能有效寄生寄主的肿腿蜂雌蜂数量比例变化较大,有效肿腿蜂率最高为14.9％,最低为2.3％.松褐天牛肿腿蜂寄生行为不受寄主聚集程度的影响,但刚羽化出茧肿腿蜂雌蜂的寄生效率比经饲喂后的雌蜂高近5倍.从肿腿蜂单一个体来看,每头雌蜂补充营养取食和产卵寄生致死的松褐天牛幼虫数为2.1～7.7头.松褐天牛肿腿蜂雌蜂的补充营养习性及刺蛰、取食致死寄主行为在防治中有很重要的作用,表明该种肿腿蜂是防治松褐天牛的重要天敌,在生物防治松褐天牛幼龄幼虫上具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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[目的]日本学者Kosaka与Ogura发现松褐天牛成虫除携带松材线虫外,雌成虫卵巢内还携带有另一种线虫,他们将其命名为卵巢线虫,并认为这种线虫是松褐天牛成虫的寄生性线虫。我国对该种线虫的研究迄今未见报道。为了证明这种线虫在我国是否存在和分布,开展了本项研究。[方法]分期分批捕获刚羽化的松褐天牛雌雄成虫,采用解剖松褐天牛成虫松树木质部及感病的松褐天牛幼虫等方法,调查卵巢线虫的存在与分布。[结果]通过调查研究,发现我国的松褐天牛成虫体内有该卵巢线虫存在,分布于松褐天牛成虫、幼虫体内和松树木质部3个部位;在松褐天牛成虫体内的卵巢线虫通过松褐天牛雌成虫产卵而接种、进入寄主树木木质部中。同时,木质部的卵巢线虫也有一部分进入松褐天牛幼虫体内寄生,另一部分仍在木质部生活,当松褐天牛幼虫再次发育为成虫时,在木质部中的卵巢线虫和已被寄生的松褐天牛幼虫体内的卵巢线虫再次进入松褐天牛成虫体内,完成循环。卵巢线虫在松褐天牛雌、雄虫体内均有分布,携带率为44.4%,其中松褐天牛雌成虫携带率为43.8%,松褐天牛雄成虫携带率为45.0%,两者间无显著差异;每头松褐天牛成虫平均携带卵巢线虫574条,其中雌成虫平均携带816条,雄成虫平均携带308条,具显著差异。初步研究表明,卵巢线虫在松褐天牛成虫体内只能完成产卵到1~4龄的幼虫阶段,不能完成一个完整的世代;在松褐天牛幼虫体内寄生和在木质部生活的卵巢线虫能完成一个完整世代,但具体过程尚不清楚;调查中未观察到卵巢线虫对松褐天牛成虫有寄生致病或致死的现象,但对松褐天牛幼虫有寄生致死的能力;卵巢线虫常与松材线虫同时存在,而且侵入松树及离开松树的方式与松材线虫相同。[结论]我国松褐天牛体内也发现有卵巢线虫存在;目前尚不能证明该线虫对松褐天牛成虫具有寄生致死性,但对松褐天牛幼虫具有一定的寄生致死性;卵巢线虫的生活史与松材线虫相似,是否与松材线虫一样对松树具有危害性以及其病理作用还有待于进一步研究。 相似文献
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The study of the life history dynamics of the pine sawyer beetle Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) is important because the beetles vector the pinewood nematode. The objectives of this study were to investigate
differences in beetle life history parameters between the two common host tree species in Turkey, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus nigra. Relationships between the number of oviposition sites, holding time (time between log cut and oviposition), log moisture
content, log volume and area, and adult survivorship were evaluated. No significant differences were found between the two
tree species except adult density per m2. The holding time did not influence the number of oviposition sites, larval entry holes or adults for P. sylvestris. There was a negative correlation between the holding time and the number of oviposition sites for P. nigra. The number of adults emerged per log was correlated with the number of larval entry holes only for P. sylvestris. Only 12 and 15% of the initial cohort completed development and emerged as adults for P. sylvestris and P. nigra, respectively. Both tree species are equally suitable hosts for M. galloprovincialis development. We conclude that the high within-log mortality of beetles is a combination of resource quality and quantity
factors and intraspecific competition and cannibalism during larval development. 相似文献
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松墨天牛成虫是松材线虫病的主要传播媒介,研究其成虫羽化逸出规律及其携带松材线虫能力,在松墨天牛和松材线虫的监测和综合治理上具有重要意义。研究结果表明,松墨天牛成虫羽化逸出期和高峰期,平均每年分别为８３ｄ和１２．３ｄ。携带松材线虫的松墨天牛成虫平均寿命为２９．８ｄ。松墨天牛成虫全身均能携带松材线虫,其数量比率顺序为胸〉头〉腹〉触角〉足〉翅。在浙江省富阳市,林间采用引诱剂诱获的松墨天牛成虫,平均每头携 相似文献
14.
Dr. F. Kobayashi 《Journal of pest science》1978,51(5):76-79
Heavy loss of pine trees has been occurring for several decades throughout central to southwestern districts of Japan. In spite of beetles abundantly found under bark of dead trees, entomologists were inclined to the assumption that some other agents had already infected healthy trees before beetle attack based on various findings. It has been proved recently that the causative agent was the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus lignicolus) newly discovered by pathologists and its transmitter was the Japanese pine sawyer (Monochamus alternatus). Aerial application of insecticides against the sawyer is now employed as a tentative measure of control. 相似文献
15.
To determine whether Monochamus alternatus can use the Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) as a host tree, experiments were conducted in a laboratory using three insect populations of different localities. Adult
females chose Pinus densiflora bolts as oviposition substrate when supplied with cedar and pine bolts simultaneously, whereas some females from one locality
oviposited on cedar bolts when supplied with them exclusively. Seventy-three percent of 40 eggs hatched in cedar bolts. When
the first instar larvae were inoculated on cedar bolts, the development was stunted greatly and all died during the larval
stage. Two of 20 larvae that were inoculated on cedar bolts at the third instar entered the diapause and one larva developed
into an adult female, which produced viable eggs but was much smaller than those obtained from pine bolts. The results did
not exclude the possibility that M. alternatus can use recently killed C. japonica trees as a host. 相似文献
16.
Ovipositing female Japanese sawyer beetles, Monochamus alternatus, prefer stressed Pinus massoniana over healthy trees. Host discrimination by M. alternatus suggests that changes in the chemical composition of pines may mediate the host preference of beetles. Volatile compounds from stressed and healthy pine stems were collected using absorbent trap collection method. Significant differences in absolute terpene quantities between stressed and healthy pines occurred for 7 of 10 terpenes. Field trials demonstrated that four terpenes identified from host pines were attractive to M. alternatus with (+)-α-pinene as the most attractive compound to M. alternatus. Ethanol appeared to be an important synergistic compound causing significant increase in attraction. 相似文献
17.
When pine trees are invaded by pine wilt diseases, the severely infected pine trees will die and fall down, or they will be
removed when found to be damaged by the disease. It gives rise to the invasion of other species in these empty niches originally
occupied by pine trees, i.e., competing surrounding trees or understory shrubs will invade the empty niches during the following
years. As a result, the spatial distribution and pattern of the main tree species in a pine forest will change, and a niche
variety in the main population will occur. In the end, the direction of the succession and restoration of the pine forest
ecosystem will be affected. In our study, a Pinus massoniana forest with the dominant shrub, Pleioblastus amarus, was invaded by pine wood nematode and was clear cut. Selecting this community as our research object, we studied the effect
of the invasion of the pine wood nematode on the growth of the dominant shrub, P. amarus, in this Pinus massoniana forest. Our results show that, after the attacked pine trees were removed, the niche was occupied by Pleioblastus amarus and other shrubs, which benefited the growth of P. amarus to its climax. Growth of P. amarus at the climax stage was greater compared with the unhealthy pine forest and the control group. 相似文献
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[目的]目前有关松材线虫与伴生细菌的关系及伴生细菌的病原作用是松树枯萎病研究的重点。为了揭示松材线虫与伴生细菌之间存在的密切关系,作者对松材线虫LIV幼虫携带的细菌进行了分离鉴定。[方法]根据培养性状和16S rDNA序列同源性以及系统发育学等方面进行分析鉴定。[结果]确定LIV幼虫携带的是香茅醇假单胞杆菌（Pseudomonas citronellolis）,携带率为100%;每条LIV幼虫携带量在1.4×105~4.5×105。LIV幼虫生活在松褐天牛体内,是引起松材线虫病侵染流行的唯一虫态;新发现的香茅醇假单胞杆菌能分解纤维素及降解或合成萜烯和酚类化合物。[结论]LIV幼虫携带香茅醇假单胞杆菌的发现,揭示了松树、松褐天牛、松材线虫、细菌同为一体的紧密关系,并为揭示松树枯萎病机制提供了一种新病原和重要的研究思路。 相似文献