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1.
J. C. Dorst 《Euphytica》1954,3(3):212-220
Summary In the Netherlands the home-bred varieties are developed almost entirely by private establishments. The Government institutes (Institute of Agricultural Plant Breeding and Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding) at Wageningen give advice to the breeders of field crops.The private plant breeders are informed of the results obtained and the working methods. They receive plant material for their breeding programme.The List of Varieties is the reference guide not only for the farmers but also to the plant breeders and the seedsmen. In the case of field crops it forms the basis for the seed inspection. A close connection exists between the breeding, variety-list and seed inspection. 相似文献
2.
H. Zingstra 《Euphytica》1963,12(1):41-48
Since 1950 an extensive system of trials for new potato varieties has been set up in the Netherlands. The author gives a scheme of testing the potato seedlings.The potato breeders in the Netherlands start annually with ± 500 to 600,000 seedlings. In late years on average 4 new potato varieties are placed on the List of Varieties. In spite of the small chances to breed potato varieties which are better than the existing ones, at 9 large, 25 medium and some 170 small establishments breeders are engaged in improving the potato in the Netherlands. 相似文献
3.
Summary An extensive collection of wild emmer was screened for yellow rust resistance in a joint project by research institutes in Israel and The Netherlands. In inoculation experiments performed both in seedling stage and at maturity, the wild emmer accessions displayed a diversity of responses to yellow rust infection, ranging from immunity to complete susceptibility.SelectionTriticum dicoccoides var.aaronsohni G-25 was most promising proving highly resistant to all 21 races and field races used. Selection G-7, which was also very resistant in the trials, differed slightly from G-25 in infection types produced on inoculation with one of the isolates; this may be an indication that the genetic factors controlling resistance in these two selections are not identical.It is concluded that the diversified populations of wild emmer indigenous to Israel possess genes which confer high resistance to a very wide spectrum of yellow rust races, including all common races in Western Europe and the Middle East. As resistance factors can be transferred easily fromT. dicoccoides to durum and common wheat, this source may be utilized in producing varieties of cultivated wheat with improved yellow rust resistance.Joint contribution from the Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research, Bet Dagan, Israel, 1969 Series, No. 1594-E, and the Institute of Phytopathological Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 相似文献
4.
In the Andean region, the Preduza project and its partners combined breeding for durable disease resistance using locally
adapted cultivars and farmer participatory methods. The approach taken resembles participatory variety selection (PVS). Farmers
participated in the selection of advanced materials, rather than finished cultivars. This paper describes this approach and
reports experiences with farmers–breeders collaboration.
As breeders involved farmers as participants, they learned more about the most important criteria of male and female farmers
for preferred cultivars in the marginal environments of Andean cropping systems. This approach encouraged the use of locally
adapted cultivars (often landraces), made the breeders less dependent on foreign materials, and has resulted in selection
and development of new wheat, barley, common bean, quinoa, potato and maize cultivars.
Breeding programmes based on crossing locally adapted cultivars followed by selection by the breeders in the early phases
of the breeding programmes and by participatory selection with the farmers in the more advanced stages of the breeding programmes
appeared successful. It became clear that breeders must be well acquainted with the farmer preferences such as the requirements
for specific agronomic, storage, processing and marketing traits.
Over a period of five years the centralized formal breeding approach predominantly based on material produced by the international
institutes was replaced by decentralized breeding approaches based largely on local germplasm with extensive farmer participation. 相似文献
5.
J. W. Lackamp 《Euphytica》1956,5(3):254-258
Summary With a view to the breeding for resistance to drought, different indigenous and foreign species are being tested.The inconstant climate of the Netherlands (in which dry years occur irregularly) sets the conditions to be satisfied by the breeders. It means that drought resistant varieties producing but moderately when sufficient moisture is available, are near to worthless.A classification has been made in the species on trial, indicating at the same time which of them show most promise. 相似文献
6.
G. A. Thijn 《Euphytica》1964,13(3):239-244
Although in the period 1938–1948 the number of potato breeders in the Netherlands increased to ±200 there was not a well designed plan, with the exception of the programmes of breeding for wart disease resistance. In most years the second-year seedlings were severely attacked by diseases because the healthy-born first-year crop had been lifted too late.In 1948 the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding at Wageningen was started, leading to the foundation of the Potato Breeding Station Prof. Broekema Hoeve at Marknesse (N.E.Polder). The seedlings were raised in glasshouses and kept free from diseases. The virus-free clones were distributed to the Dutch potato breeders. In 1963 some 88,000 clones and some 600,000 true seeds were distributed.In developing parent material the Potato Breeding Station depends to a large extend on the work of the departments of potato breeding of the Institute and the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding. The parent material is evaluated through population analysis; annually ca 30,000 seedlings raised from clones are assessed.The distribution of starting material by governmental institutes, has furthered potato breeding in the Netherlands. 相似文献
7.
8.
J. Sneep 《Euphytica》1966,15(2):135-140
In view of some examples from the history of plant breeding attention is called to the results which breeders had obtained even before 1900 when Mendel's laws were rediscovered. These results are striking as regards both the varieties obtained and the methods applied. Curiously enough Hugo de Vries more or less disregarded the experimental methods and their successful application by compatriots in the first decade of the twentieth century. At any rate in the Netherlands genetics and plant breeding still went separate ways during the early part of this century. 相似文献
9.
H. De Haan 《Euphytica》1962,11(2):115-125
The author gives a survey of the 71 Netherlands plant breeding establishments mentioned in the List of Varieties of Field Crops while also the research workers engaged in breeding agricultural crops have been included.The Plant Breeder's Decree 1941 stimulated plant breeding in the Netherlands so that the number of plant breeders increased considerably. The work of the existing plant breeding establishments was intensified accordingly.On a map of the Netherlands the location of these breeding establishments has been indicated.The article concludes with reflections on the plant breeding establishments in the Netherlands. 相似文献
10.
F. E. Nijdam 《Euphytica》1964,13(3):201-205
Through the work of the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding, S.V.P., the Government contributes to plant breeding in the Netherlands.The S.V.P. provides the breeders of agricultural crops with basic material comprising semi-products, the development of which may be expected to present the breeders with difficulties. It also conducts research, the results of which breeders could use to advantage. There are no strict regulations for the interplay between the Government and the breeder which specify that the latter has to take over and complete the work begun by the former.A close consultation between the breeders and the Foundation is possible through working groups of the Netherlands Breeders' Association. The ideas and desires of the provate breeders regarding governmental activities in the field of plant breeding can be brought up for discussion at meetings of the working groups.Fifteen years of experience in co-operation between private breeders and the Government are outlined. Although it is not always easy to satisfy all interests, it may be said that the present system of co-operation is greatly appreciated by all the parties concerned and that important results have been obtained. 相似文献
11.
H. de Haan 《Euphytica》1962,11(1):1-4
The writer gives a survey of the essential features of the Plant Breeder's Decree which has been in force now for 20 years. The protection of the breeder's work and its remuneration has exerted a stimulating influence on the development of plant breeding in the Netherlands.In discussing the rate of compensation for breeders the potato has been taken as an example. More than 480,000 guilders was paid to potato breeders as a compensation for the seed potato production of their varieties in harvest year 1958.The Plant Breeder's Decree also holds for varieties developed by foreign breeders provided that reciprocal arrangements exist with the country concerned. 相似文献
12.
Soybean rust, caused by the fungal pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi, continues to be a global threat to soybean production, decreasing productivity and increasing the pesticide burden of cropping systems. However, breeders now have access to resistance genes that map to at least seven independent loci which can help protect crops against soybean rust infection. Efficient greenhouse screening protocols have been developed, and low‐cost SNP genotyping technology is available for marker‐assisted selection and backcrossing of resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Rpp) loci. Soybean breeders can now employ these technologies for the development of high‐yielding soybean cultivars with two, three, or even four pyramided Rpp genes. Such cultivars should provide resistance against the most virulent P. pachyrhizi populations and would be of great help to both large‐scale growers in the Americas and subsistence farmers in developing countries. We hope that a better understanding of the history and unique characteristics of P. pachyrhizi, the discovery of Rpp resistance alleles and the latest molecular breeding techniques will empower breeders across the globe to develop cultivars with durable resistance. 相似文献
13.
Syarifin Firdaus Adriaan W. van Heusden Nurul Hidayati Ence Darmo Jaya Supena Richard G. F. Visser Ben Vosman 《Euphytica》2012,187(1):31-45
Bemisia tabaci is one of the most threatening pests in agriculture, particularly in Solanaceous crops such as tomato and pepper that are cultivated in the open field. Pesticide application is often not effective and hazardous to humans and environment. The exploitation of plant natural defenses that are present in wild relatives of tomato, may offer a solution. To evaluate resistance parameters and to identify plant material with high levels of resistance, we screened a number of accessions of tomato wild relatives using three methods; a free-choice test in a screenhouse in Indonesia, a no-choice test with clip-on cages in a greenhouse and a leaf disc test in a climate-room in the Netherlands. Antibiosis resulting in low adult survival was the major component for resistance in tomato. However, other resistance component(s) may play a role as well. In some accessions there was a change in the resistance level over time. Several resistance parameters used in the different tests were well correlated. The best resistance source was an accession of Solanum galapagense, which had not been identified as being resistant in the past. This is of particular interest as this species is closely related to the cultivated tomato, which may facilitate introgression of the resistance component(s). Whitefly non-preference and resistance were associated with the presence of type IV trichomes. Other mechanisms might be involved since some accessions without type IV trichomes showed low nymphal density. The leaf disc test is a good in vitro alternative for the clip-on cage whitefly resistance screening, as shown by the high correlation between the results obtained with this test and the clip-on cage test. This offers breeders the possibility to carry out tests more efficiently. 相似文献
14.
In this article first a historical review is given of the groundnut culture in Suriname. Around 1930 the runner type was replaced by a Spanish bunch type from Indonesia. This variety is now being replaced by Matjan, also of the Spanish type.Secondly a review is given of the methods used in groundnut selection. Single hill selection in indigenous and foreign varieties was adopted. Subsequently the pure lines were compared for yield in variety trials. Thirdly the characters desired by various groundnut breeders are reviewed.Plants were selected with (a) many large or a great number of smaller pods, only slightly constricted and strawcoloured, (b) ovate, well-tasting seed of Jumbo size, 0.9–1.0 gram per seed, (c) uniform ramification and ripening, the Spanish type being preferred, (d) a growing period of 90 to 100 days, (e) presence of a distinct but short dormant period of the seed, not longer than 30 days, (f) good pod retention, (g) fleshcoloured or pink seed coat, (h) dark green, not too abundant foliage, (i) field resistance to the Cercospora leafspot disease. The selected variety Matjan meets these requirements except the qualities mentioned under b, e and i. However, Matjan is not very susceptible to Cercospora.Experience showed that pure line selection in indigenous varieties or varieties from countries of comparable latitude and climate offers the greatest chance of success when starting a selection programme for groundnut.
Formerly agronomist at the Agricultural Experiment Station, Paramaribo, Suriname. 相似文献
Formerly agronomist at the Agricultural Experiment Station, Paramaribo, Suriname. 相似文献
15.
E. Drijfhout 《Euphytica》1968,17(2):224-235
Summary Different aspects of pea leafroll, the most important virus disease of peas and Vicia-beans in The Netherlands, are discussed. These aspects include the spread of the virus, the damage done by the disease, the symptoms, the nature of the virus, the vectors and the host plants. Pea leafroll virus (PLRV) is a persistent virus which is invariably transmitted by aphids. The most important vector is the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum
Harris. Lucerne actas as a winter host for the virus and the pea aphid. The pea aphids are reared on diseased lucerne plants and are used in a glass-house experiment to test cross populations for resistance. In view of its importance for that test it is necessary to discuss the biology of the pea aphid in some detail. Besides the glasshouse test some field test methods are mentioned.Crosses between Cobri (resistant) and Gloire de Quimper (susceptible) as well as between Wyola (resistant) and Joserva (susceptible) served to study the resistance to the virus in peas. The results of testing well over 3600 plants justified the conclusion that the resistance is inherited as a single recessive character. It is suggested to refer to the gene for susceptibility to PLRV as Lr. 相似文献
16.
H. Zingstra 《Euphytica》1954,3(3):229-232
Summary The rapid growth of the number of potato breeders in the Netherlands was favourably influenced by a wide spread interest for all problems concerned with potatoes, by financial support and advice.In 1954, the number of potato breeders was 193; 46 of them can be considered professional breeders, while of 20 breeders one or more varieties figure in the Dutch List of Varieties 1954.The creation of the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding resulted in the enhancement of the level of potato breeding and the increase of the number of potato seedlings raised every year. 相似文献
17.
Summary Cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.), considered by wheat breeders to be drought sensitive or drought resistant, were grown under two irrigation regimes (daily or weekly waterings) to determine physiological responses to drought and to evaluate methods to use in screening for drought resistance. Leaf water potential, stomatal resistance, plant resistance to water flow, and soil water potential were measured for three weeks on vernalized plants in a growth chamber. When water was lacking, drought-sensitive plants had a lower leaf water potential than did drought-resistant plants. With both daily and weekly waterings, stomatal resistance was higher in drought-resistant plants than in drought-sensitive plants. Plant resistance to water flow, calculated as the difference between the soil water potential and leaf water potential divided by the amount of water used by the plant, was usually higher in drought-resistant plants than in the drought-sensitive plants. The results showed that, when screening for drought resistance, stomatal resistance was a better method to use than determinations of leaf water potential or plant resistance to water flow.Journal article 3578 of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University. Work was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid of Research from Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society of North America, to the senior author. 相似文献
18.
J. C. Dorst 《Euphytica》1960,9(3):265-271
In the course of ages and under widely different conditions nature, through mutation, spontaneous crossing and natural selection, has presented mankind with a great wealth of material.After mentioning the source of resistance for many cases the writer has grouped them into the catagories existing varieties, land races and gene centres.In former years taxonomists searched for new species to collect them for herbariums, nowadays living collections are planted. Plant breeders now are hunting for new valuable genes.
Lecture read at the A-course Resistance in agriculture, 12–14 Jan. 1959, organised by the Royal Society of Agricultural Science and the Netherlands Society of Graduates in Agriculture at Wageningen. 相似文献
Lecture read at the A-course Resistance in agriculture, 12–14 Jan. 1959, organised by the Royal Society of Agricultural Science and the Netherlands Society of Graduates in Agriculture at Wageningen. 相似文献
19.
Powdery mildew resistance in cucumber 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
E. Kooistra 《Euphytica》1968,17(2):236-244
Summary Powdery mildew in cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) can be caused by two fungi, Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sphaerotheca fuliginea. In The Netherlands we have been mainly concerned with the latter, at least during the last few years.A high degree of resistance to S. fuliginea was obtained by combinations of progenitors that are in themselves insufficiently resistant. It was made plausible that the resistance obtained is governed by three recessive genes.The relation to the resistance against E. cichoracearum, mentioned elsewhere, is discussed. 相似文献
20.
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) was domesticated at some point of early history and now has no wild ancestors, so collections of accessions in genebanks
are the only source of new genes for breeders. For growers of fresh herbs, coriander has proved to be the most problematic
among popular herbs: it flowers early, flowering changes the taste of the rosette leaves and the leaves are also susceptible
to sudden yellowing. In this paper we show that the use of vegetable genotypes from the subspecies microcarpum (Coriandrum sativum L. subsp. microcarpum DC.) can solve these problems. Accessions were obtained from the Genebank of the Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry,
Russia. These vegetable genotypes showed a remarkable plasticity of physiological characteristics (time of flower initiation,
time of whole-rosette senescence and heat resistance), which ensured a prolonged harvesting window. The vegetable genotypes
also showed increase in biomass, number of leaves in the basal rosette and leaf area compared to fruit genotypes. Thus, vegetable
genotypes from subsp. microcarpum proved to be an invaluable source of genes for breeders. Our study also extended knowledge on the morphogenesis and ontogenesis
of coriander. First, we found that production of leaves in the basal rosette occurs at the same rate in winter and in summer,
so does not dependent on season, but can be interrupted by elongation of the flowering stem, which is season-dependent. Second,
we found that the time of whole-rosette senescence (yellowing) is an individual characteristic of a genotype, but is promoted
by season similar to the flowering-time. Finally, we showed that the whole-rosette senescence (yellowing) occurs independently
of the development of flowering stem. 相似文献