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1.
‘紫红1 号’红肉苹果果肉抗氧化性及花色苷分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
‘紫红1号’是新疆红肉野苹果[Malus sieversii f. neidzwetzkyana（Dieck）Langenf.]与‘富士’苹果杂交的F1代中的一株果肉全红的株系。以其为试材,测定其果肉的花色苷、多酚、类黄酮含量及其抗氧化能力,结果表明其果肉花色苷含量为228.3 mg · kg-1 FW,总酚含量为2 523 mg · kg-1 FW,类黄酮含量为2 514 mg · kg-1 FW,其抗氧化能力（ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP）为13.39 μmol · g-1。利用液质联用（UPLC-PAD-/MS/MS）鉴定了红肉苹果果肉花色苷的主要组分有9种,其中4种分别为矢车菊3–O–葡萄糖苷、矢车菊3–O–半乳糖苷、矢车菊3–O–木糖苷、矢车菊3–O–阿拉伯糖苷,其中矢车菊3–O–半乳糖苷占73.37%,另外5种暂不能确定其结构。本研究表明花色苷的稳定性,发现该色素在pH 1 ~ 3,40 ℃以下比较稳定,高温加速花色苷的降解。花色苷对光照敏感,暴露在室内自然光下15 d其残留率为41.53%。 相似文献
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为了探究菊花在衰老进程中花色变红的机制,以317个菊花品种为材料,对其花色的变化进行田间调查,将其划分为7大色系,结果表明有202个品种在衰老过程中会发生变红现象。选择不同色系109个变红明显的品种,以英国皇家园艺学会比色卡和色差仪测量3个时期的花色表型,并对其中有代表性的5个品种‘白皇后’、‘蒙白’、‘南农玉扣’、‘南农绿冻’和‘伊比斯阳光’进行相关生理指标的测定。结果表明：在多数菊花的衰老过程中,花瓣表面明度L*值降低,红度a*值升高,颜色逐渐变红。5个品种花瓣中的类黄酮,尤其是花青素苷的含量呈现显著上升的趋势。此外,丙二醛含量也逐渐增加,而可溶性糖含量逐渐减少。综合各项指标,菊花花瓣衰老过程中花青素苷的积累是引起花瓣颜色变红的关键因子,推测是花青素代谢途径变化导致。 相似文献
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以‘苦水玫瑰’‘墨红玫瑰’和‘保加利亚白玫瑰’3个不同花色的玫瑰为试材，采用CIE L*a*b*表色系法测量玫瑰花色，用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)联用技术定性定量分析玫瑰花中类黄酮化合物成分与含量，运用多元线性回归方法，研究玫瑰花瓣中类黄酮成分对其花色的影响，以期为玫瑰花色形成的物质基础提供参考依据。结果表明：3种不同花色玫瑰中共检测到58种类黄酮成分，其中花青苷只有1种，为矢车菊-3-O葡萄糖苷，约占30.45%;黄酮类有24种，约占18.85%;黄酮醇类9种，约占31.89%;黄烷醇类有8种，二氢黄酮类有6种，异黄酮类有3种，查尔酮有2种，其它及多酚类物质有5种；3种不同花色玫瑰中的黄酮和黄酮醇类化合物的含量不同，‘保加利亚白玫瑰’花瓣中的占其类黄酮总量的93.85%,而‘苦水玫瑰’花瓣和‘墨红玫瑰’花瓣中的分别占其类黄酮总量的29.33%和44.08%;多元线性回归分析显示儿茶素和乔松素是影响花色的最主要因素，其含量积累会影响参数L*、a* 相似文献
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以10个不同花色的花毛茛（Ranunculus asiaticus）和4个不同花色的银莲花（Anemone cathayensis）为材料,采用目视测色法,RHSCC 比色卡比色法,色差仪（CR-400）测定花瓣的花色表型,利用双光束紫外—可见光分光光度计（TU-1901）、高效液相色谱—电喷雾离子化—质谱连用技术（HPLC–ESI–MS）对花瓣中花青素苷的成分及结构进行测定,运用多元线性回归方法分析花色与花青素苷组成之间的关系。结果表明：8个积累花青素苷的花毛茛品种花瓣中检测到5种花青素苷元,即天竺葵素、矢车菊素、飞燕草素、芍药素和锦葵素,这些花青素苷元进一步修饰形成了15种花青素苷。红色系和粉色系品种以芍药素和矢车菊素为主要成分,黄色系品种以天竺葵素或类胡萝卜素为主要成分;经分析矢车菊素苷和天竺葵素苷含量均与亮度L*值呈显著正相关,其中天竺葵素苷的积累对花瓣亮度的贡献更大。银莲花4个品种花瓣中共检测出6种花青素苷元,分别为矮牵牛素、天竺葵素、矢车菊素、飞燕草素、芍药素和锦葵素,它们通过不同糖基化和酰基化修饰形成了20种花青素苷,呈现出丰富的花青素苷多样性。 相似文献
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花青苷成分对瓜叶菊花色的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过测定不同花色瓜叶菊舌状花花色表型和定性定量分析其花青苷成分组成, 探讨不同瓜叶
菊花色表型与其所含花青素类色素类型之间的关系。采用分光色差计(NF333) 测量了不同花色的色相值。用高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测技术(HPLC - PAD) 和高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子化-质谱联用技术(HPLC - ESI - MS) 分析花瓣中花青苷和黄酮醇的组成及含量。分析表明: 花色表型中亮度和花青苷总量之间存在线性负相关。蓝色和红色瓜叶菊花色分别由飞燕草素苷元(Dp) 和矢车菊素苷元(Cy) 为核心的花青苷决定。粉色瓜叶菊含有Cy和天竺葵素苷元( Pg) 为核心的花青苷。紫色瓜叶菊主要含有Dp和Cy为核心的花青苷。瓜叶菊花色亮度与花青苷含量负相关, 瓜叶菊花红色程度和Cy为核心的花青苷含量正相关。瓜叶菊主要由花青素决定其呈色。 相似文献
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利用切片观察法、显色法和比色法对佛焰苞中花色素的分布情况、组分及含量进行了初步分析。结果表明:红掌佛焰苞中主要含有类黄酮(包括花青素苷、黄酮和黄酮醇)、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素3类色素。大部分品种中类黄酮主要分布于上下表皮细胞中,‘萨维尔’等少数品种的栅栏组织中也有类黄酮分布;而叶绿素和类胡萝卜素则分布在栅栏组织中。各色系均含有类黄酮,红色系比其它色系含有更多的花青素苷,绿色系则含有叶绿素;参试品种中只有棕红色品种‘热带之夜’含有少量类胡萝卜素。花青素苷和叶绿素是佛焰苞显色的主要因素,总体上总花青素苷和叶绿素含量与颜色明度L*呈负相关,而与彩度C*呈正相关,即随着总花青素苷含量的增加,红色和粉红色佛焰苞的红色色调加强,叶绿素含量增加可使绿色和白色佛焰苞的绿色和黄色色调加强。 相似文献
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研究了不同遮阴条件下滇山茶（Camellia reticulata Lindl.）花瓣中花青素苷组成和含量的变化。结果表明：滇山茶的花瓣中含有13种以上的花青素苷,其中主要成分矢车菊素–3–O–(2–O–β–木糖基)–β–葡萄糖苷（Cy3GX）与矢车菊素–3–O–[2–O–β–木糖基–6–O–(E)–p–香豆酰]–β–葡萄糖苷（Cy3GEpCX）的含量占总花青素苷含量的60.4% ~ 64.2%。在开花期,随着遮阴率的升高和遮阴时间的延长,花瓣中13种花青素苷的含量都同时呈现先升高后下降的变化趋势,但各组分占总花青素苷含量的百分比不变。用60% ~ 70%遮阳网遮阴,对提高滇山茶花瓣中Cy3GX、Cy3GEpCX以及总花青素苷含量的效果最明显,遮阴处理21 d时上述花青素苷含量皆达最大值。90%遮阳网遮阴,花青素苷含量低于不遮阴时的含量。在云南山茶花的种植中,根据实际环境条件适当遮阴,对增加花瓣各种花青素苷的含量,改善花色具有重要意义。 相似文献
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芍药开花过程中花色和色素的变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以从内蒙古自治区赤峰市克什克腾旗引种的野生芍药（Paeonia lactiflora）为材料,采用英国皇家园艺学会比色卡和分光色差计测量不同开花阶段的花色,利用高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测（HPLC-DAD）和高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子化-二级质谱联用技术（HPLC-ESI-MS2）定性定量分析其花色素组分,运用多元线性回归方法分析了花色与花瓣中色素组成之间的关系。结果表明：开花过程中花色的明度增加,红色减退,彩度变小,颜色由红紫（N57A）变为淡紫红色（75C）。从其花瓣中共检出6种花青苷,4种黄酮苷和15种黄酮醇苷。其中两种花青苷（芍药花素–3–没食子酰葡萄糖苷–5–葡萄糖苷、芍药花素–3–丙二酰葡萄糖苷–5–葡萄糖苷）,两种黄酮苷（木犀草素–7–没食子酰葡萄糖苷、木犀草素–7–阿拉伯糖苷）和13种黄酮醇苷在芍药中属首次报道。分析结果表明其花青苷的主要成分是芍药花素–3, 5–二葡萄糖苷,约占总花青苷含量（total anthocyanins content,TA）的93.93%;其花黄素（包括黄酮和黄酮醇）的主要成分是山奈酚–3–葡萄糖苷,占总黄酮含量（total flavones content,TF）的48.78%。不同的开花阶段,从露色期到松瓣期TA含量略增加,松瓣期后开始降低,TF则先略减少后增加。多元回归结果显示,芍药花素–3, 5–二葡萄糖苷、槲皮素–3–葡萄糖苷、槲皮素–7–葡萄糖苷、异鼠李素–3–葡萄糖苷的含量与花色变化具有线性相关性。 相似文献
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以‘花手鞠’绣球（Hydrangea macrophylla‘Hanatemari’）为试材,研究全光照和50%遮荫对其不同开花时期花色和花青素苷组成的影响。采用英国皇家园艺学会比色卡和测色仪测定花色表型;利用高效液相色谱质谱联用技术（LC–MS）定性和定量分析花青素苷组分,并测定色素生物合成关键酶活性和金属离子含量等生理指标;运用多元线性回归法分析花色和生理指标间的关系。结果表明：与全光照相比,50%遮荫的萼片红度值（a*）更低,黄度值（b*）更高,在色彩上更偏粉色;从盛花期到末花期,全光照的花萼红度值（a*）下降88.90%;而50%遮荫仅下降65.67%,有效减缓了花萼的褪色速率。花萼中共检测到矢车菊素、天竺葵素、飞燕草素、锦葵素和矮牵牛素等5种花青素苷元形成的11种花青素苷;主要组分为飞燕草–3–O–葡萄糖苷,占总花青素苷组分的92.12%,是‘花手鞠’花萼主要的呈色物质。50%遮荫有利于花青素苷的累积,其总花青素苷含量（1 286.96μg·g-1FW）较全光照（944.10μg·g-1FW）显著增加了36.32%;初开期苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性和查尔酮异构酶（CHI）活... 相似文献
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以5个不同呈色时期竹节参果实为试材,采用酶标仪检测法,研究了竹节参果实生长发育过程中叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花色苷、类黄酮和总酚含量对果实呈色的影响,以期为揭示竹节参果实呈色生理机制提供参考依据。结果表明：果实、果皮叶绿素含量变化规律随果实转色呈逐渐降低趋势,果实绿果期含量最高1.060 mg·g-1;类胡萝卜素含量变化规律与叶绿素含量变化规律呈相反趋势,果皮成熟期含量最高0.234 mg·g-1;花色苷含量的变化规律与类胡萝卜素含量变化相似呈逐渐上升趋势,果皮成熟期含量最高3.393 mg·g-1。而果实总酚、类黄酮含量合成变化规律呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势,均是成熟时期果皮含量最高,总酚为2.790 mg·g-1,类黄酮为7.256 mg·g-1。因此,竹节参果实从绿果期进入转色期时,果实中的叶绿素逐渐被破坏,类胡萝卜素开始在果皮显现出来,花色苷也开始合成,总酚与类黄酮物质对竹节参果实呈色为正向调控作用。 相似文献
11.
Analysis of petal anthocyanins to investigate coloration mechanism in herbaceous peony cultivars 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Petal coloration and anthocyanin compositions of 41 herbaceous peony cultivars were analyzed. Anthocyanins were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI-MSn) coupled with photodiode array detection (DAD). Peonidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pn3G5G), pelargonidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pg3G5G), cyanidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside (Cy3G5G), peonidin-3-O-glucoside (Pn3G), and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (Cy3G) were the five major anthocyanins in herbaceous peony cultivars. Deep purple or reddish purple cultivars contained 4–5 anthocyanins, whereas pink cultivars only contained Cy3G5G and Pn3G5G, and their contents were much lower than those of purple cultivars. According to the chemical structures of three anthocyanidins in association with petal coloration, flowers were classified into three phenotypes: 1. “Pn, Cy, and Pg” (all purple flowers including two pink flowers); 2. “Pn, Cy” (pink flowers); 3 “Pn” (light pink and white flowers). The coloration mechanisms of cultivars with the pink and purple flowers were quite different. Correlations between lightness (L*) and chroma (C*), chromatic component a* and total anthocyanins (TA) value, a* and co-pigmentation index (CI) showed opposite tendencies, whereas L* and TA showed the same tendency in each group. High contents of Pn3G5G and Pg3G5G may responsible for the purple coloration of herbaceous peony cultivars. 相似文献
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Seasonal variation in pigmentation and anthocyanidin phenetics in commercial Eustoma flowers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A. F. M. Jamal Uddin Fumio Hashimoto Toshiki Miwa Katsuhiro Ohbo Yusuke Sakata 《Scientia Horticulturae》2004,100(1-4):103-115
The seasonal change in petal color and pigmentation of 29 commercial Eustoma cultivars was studied. The flowers are basically divided into four groups according to the major anthocyanidin phenotype in association with petal coloration, i.e., delphinidin (Dp)-based (purple flower), cyanidin (Cy)-based (reddish purple flower), pelargonidin (Pg)-based (pink flower), and none (white flower) groups. The constitution of petal anthocyanidins was not changed by forcing treatment in most of the flowers. Lightness (L*) and chroma (C*, color saturation) showed a change along with the increase/decrease of hue angle difference (ΔH*), thus simultaneously the chromatic tonalities tended to move to redder and bluer, respectively. Floral pigment clustering described two flower groups in a dendrogram, based on anthocyanidin constitutions as phenetic markers, which are apparently the Dp- and Pg-based phenotypes of anthocyanidin syntheses. The Cy-based flowers made a subcluster with the Pg-based flowers, indicating a close relationship in the biosynthesis of the two anthocyanidins, and suggesting the Dp- and Pg-syntheses complement one another. 相似文献
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Comparison of flower color with anthocyanin composition patterns in evergreen azalea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Daiki Mizuta Takuya Ban Ikuo Miyajima Akira Nakatsuka Nobuo Kobayashi 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009,122(4):594-602
In evergreen azaleas, major anthocyanins were detected from petals of wild species and cultivars by HPLC analysis. Depending on flower color, all samples were divided into three groups: red, purple or white, using the Japan color standard for horticultural plants. The chromatic components a* and b* values of red group samples showed a convergent distribution, whereas those of purple group samples showed a wider distribution. According to the HPLC analysis, red group samples had two to four major anthocyanins, and those of the purple group had two to six major ones. In contrast, no anthocyanins were detected in the white group petals, although anthocyanidins were detected. These results suggest that the anthocyanin constitution of the purple group flowers is more varied than that of the red group flowers, and this wider variety among purple flowers contributes to extending the diversity of flower color in evergreen azalea. 相似文献
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Takeshi Kanaya Hitoshi Watanabe Hisashi Kokubun Kiyoshi Matsubara Goro Hashimoto Eduardo Marchesi Laura Bullrich Toshio Ando 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
To study the morphological diversity of the popular ornamental crop Calibrachoa, traded since the 1990s, floral and vegetative characters of 91 commercial cultivars were compared to those of natural species. Floral colours were classified according to the ISCC-NBS system and the CIE LAB system. The numerical data obtained by measuring 19 floral and vegetative characters was tested with principal component (PC) analysis. Floral colour classes of commercial cultivars were divided into 37 groups according the ISCC-NBS system, whereas those of natural species were divided into 9 groups. These tendencies were readily observable in the scatter diagrams of the a* vs. b* values and the C* vs. L* values. As the result of PC analysis, six PCs were obtained. For PC4, which negatively correlated with the degree of nocturnal corolla limb closure, the majority of natural species showed negative scores whereas the majority of cultivars had positive PC4 scores. In terms of PC2 (flower size), PC3 (growth form), PC5 (floral shape) and PC6 (leaf shape), natural species were dispersed in a range wider than the cultivars. These results suggest that Calibrachoa cultivars possess more highly variable floral colour than natural species, and breeding programmes to diversify the floral colour seem to have progressed rapidly. The tendency of natural species to close the corolla limb toward evening has been removed almost completely from the cultivars. The floral size, growth form, floral shape and leaf shape of the cultivars were rather uniform compared to those of natural species. 相似文献