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1.
豫西两种楸树的变异类型 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
楸树是我国北方珍贵的速生用材树种。近年来我们发现楸树和灰楸(本文一并讨论)存在许多自然类型。这些类型在形态、生长、材质及适应性等方面均有明显差异。所以,从中选择出速生、优质的自然类型,对发展揪树将具有一定的意义。一、自然类型的划分根据我们在豫西的普查,初步将楸树划分为金丝楸、心叶楸、长果楸、槐皮楸、光叶楸、长柄楸、密枝楸及三裂楸等八个自然类型;灰楸划分为密毛灰楸、细皮灰楸及窄叶灰楸三个类型。现将各类型的主要区别列检索表如下:1.小枝、花序及叶密被分枝的毛:叶基腺体多为3个以上…………………………灰楸(Catalpa fargesii Bur.)2.叶片狭长,长宽比2:1,广披针形,基部楔形………………………………………………………………窄叶灰楸2.叶片长宽相近,心形。3.树皮暗灰色,深纵裂;小枝、花序及叶密被灰白色的分枝的毛:叶基部脉腋间常具3-5个紫黑色的腺点………………………………………密毛灰楸3.树皮灰白色,细长片状翘裂,小枝及叶片分枝的毛较短而疏,叶基脉腋间有2-4个绿褐色腺点… 相似文献
2.
枣不同品种光合特征及叶片解剖结构的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定仪等仪器测试了壶瓶枣、赞皇枣和梨枣的光合速率与叶片构造特征.结果表明:赞皇枣光饱和点为1 408.25 μmol·m-2·s-1,光补偿点6.67 μmol·m-2·s-1;梨枣光饱和点1 387.66μmol·m-2·s-1,光补偿点10.4 μmol·m-2·s-1;壶瓶枣光饱和点接近1 500μmol·m-2·s-1.在较高光照强度时枣树蒸腾比率提高,叶片对水的利用率增高.三品种叶片下表皮平均气孔密度为70/mm<'2>,且枣树单叶面积小,从光合特征及叶片结构方面解释了枣树喜光耐干旱的生理机制,为枣树优质丰产奠定了理论基础. 相似文献
3.
土壤水分胁迫对胡杨、灰叶胡杨光合作用-光响应特性的影响 总被引：34，自引：1，他引：34
采用盆栽试验研究正常供水(土壤相对含水量70%～80%)、中度水分胁迫(50%～60%)和重度水分胁迫(30%～40%)条件下,胡杨和灰叶胡杨2年生幼苗光合作用-光响应特性.结果表明:胡杨、灰叶胡杨光合作用-光响应曲线符合非直角双曲线函数.在正常供水条件下,胡杨、灰叶胡杨的最大光合速率(Pn max)分别为24.59、16.68 μmol CO2· m-2s-1,表观光合量子效率(AQY)分别为0.059、0.036 μmol CO2·μmol-1photons,光饱和点(LSP)分别为603、517 μmol photons·m-2s-1,光补偿点(LCP)分别为42、41 μmol photons·m-2s-1、暗呼吸速率(Rd)分别为2.99、1.45 μmol CO2·m-2s-1.土壤水分胁迫能显著降低胡杨、灰叶胡杨Pn max、AQY、LSP,而对LCP及Rd无显著影响.无论在正常供水还是在土壤水分胁迫条件下,胡杨均表现出更高的光合活性,其Pn、Pn max、LSP、AQY及Rd值均比灰叶胡杨高,而LCP值,二者之间无显著差异.表明生长在同一生境中的胡杨对光照、土壤水分的生态适应能力高于灰叶胡杨. 相似文献
4.
杂种榛子不同方位叶片光合作用的日变化 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
以平欧110号和平欧349号为试材,研究了榛子不同方位叶片的光合特性,并对影响光合作用的因子进行了分析, 结果表明:榛子南、北面叶片光合速率(Pn)的日变化为双峰曲线,西面叶片为单峰曲线,高峰出现在上午的7:00-8:00,东面叶片的光合速率的变化较平稳,无明显的高峰,不同方位叶片光合速率午间变化主要受到非气孔的限制作用; 不同方位叶片的平均光合速率和CO2同化量有一定的差异,以南面叶片为最高,其次为西、北面叶片,以东面叶片为最低; 平欧110号和平欧349号的光饱和点大约分别为691～724 μmol·m-2s-1和464～505 μmol·m-2s-1,其光补偿点分别为10～26 μmol·m-2s-1和8～21 μmol·m-2s-1,均较常见的落叶果树低; 采用逐步回归分析表明,水汽饱和差(VPD)和光量子通量密度(PFD)是影响光合速率的主导因子. 相似文献
5.
研究了在3种不同CO2浓度(360 μmol·mol-1、800 μmol·mol-1、1 200 μmol·mol-1)下马尾松针叶的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率的变化.结果表明:在当前CO2(360 μmol·mol-1)浓度下,当光强为1 000 μmol·m-2·s-1时,净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度分别为3.46 μmol·m-2·s-1、0.273 mmol·m-2·s-1、0.0254 mmol·m-2·s-1,针叶的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为:(1 800±2) μmol·m-2·s-1和(24±2) μmol·m-2·s-1.当CO2加富到1 200 μmol·mol-1时,针叶的光饱和点降低了200 μmol·m-2·s-1,而光补偿点增加了4 μmol·m-2·s-1.在光照强度为50～2 000 μmol·m-2·s-1的条件下,不同CO2浓度下的水分利用率平均值分别为:1 200 μmol·mol-1浓度下的19.163 μmol·mmol-1,800 μmol·mol-1浓度下的12.912 μmol·mmol-1,360 μmol·mol-1浓度下的11.192 μmol·mmol-1.短期的CO2加富降低了植物叶片的蒸腾速率、气孔导度,而植物的水分利用效率则上升. 相似文献
6.
樟树幼树光合特性及其对CO2浓度和温度升高的响应 总被引：34，自引：2，他引：34
用Li COR 6 4 0 0便携式光合作用测定系统对亚热带常绿阔叶树种樟树幼树的光合特性及其对CO2 升高的响应进行了研究。结果表明 :樟树叶片光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线 ,最高峰出现在 10 :0 0 ,次高峰出现在 14 :0 0 ,午间有明显的“午休”现象 ,气孔因素是导致午休的主要原因。中午光照强度大 ,叶片与空气之间的水汽压差达到最大值 ,相对湿度、气孔导度、胞间CO2 浓度达到最小值 ,诱导叶片光合午休。正常大气条件下 ,樟树叶片光饱和点为 12 5 0 μmol·m- 2 s- 1 ,光补偿点 4 0 6 μmol·m- 2 s- 1 ,在 10 0 0 μmol·m- 2 s- 1 光强下CO2 饱和点为 12 0 0 μmol·mol- 1 ,CO2 补偿点为 5 0 μmol·mol- 1 。水分利用效率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率在不同的CO2 浓度梯度下 ,随着光强的增加而增加。在 2 4～ 35℃时 ,随着光合有效辐射的增加 ,温度升高导致樟树光合速率降低。 相似文献
7.
不同水深对芦苇光合生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过模拟设置20cm,40cm,60cm,80cm等4种水深条件,采用光合作用测定仪对不同水深条件下芦苇叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率等光合参数进行光响应过程的测定分析。探讨不同水深对芦苇光合生理特性的影响,阐明芦苇叶片光合生理参数对水深和光照强度的响应规律,明确芦苇维持较高光合生产力的水深范围。结果表明:芦苇叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、光能利用效率、气孔导度等光合生理参数对水深和光强(PAR)显的阈值响应。一定范围内,Pn值随水深的增加而增加。水深达到60cm时,同一光强下芦苇的Pn值较大。PAR小于1600μmol·m-2·s-1时,Tr随PAR上升一直上升。当PAR达到1600μmol·m-2·s-1左右时,Tr出现最大值。芦苇在广泛的水深范围内有较高的水分利用效率。光强为200μmol·m-2·s-1左右时,4个水深梯度下,芦苇的水分利用效率都会达到最大值。当光强小于50μmol·m-2·s-1时,随着PAR的增高,LUE急剧上升;当光强在20-50μmol·m-2·s-1之间时,LUE达到最大值。当水深为60cm左右时,芦苇叶片各项光合生理指标都有较高的值。当水深处于此范围内时,对芦苇的生长是十分有利的。 相似文献
8.
在乌兰布和沙漠东缘即内蒙古磴口县,利用Li-6400xt便携式光合测定系统分析仪测定不同增雨处理(4个增雨处理的增雨量分别是当地年降水量的25％、50％、75％和100％)条件下,典型荒漠植物白刺的光响应曲线,采用非直角双曲线模型对曲线进行拟合,计算最大净光合速率(Amax)、表观量子效率(AQY)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光补偿点(LCP)以及光饱和点(LSP)等生理参数,研究白刺光合生理特性对人工模拟增雨的响应.结果表明:对照的Amax、AQY、Rd、LCP和LSP分别为13.41 μmol·m-2·s-1、0.029 mol·mol-1、0.61 μmol·m-2·s-1、20.63 μmol·m-2·s-1和481.85 μmol· m-2·s-1.增雨使白刺的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、Amax、AQY和Rd升高,使水分利用效率(WUE)降低.增雨处理在一定程度上改变白刺的光合生理特性,提高白刺的光合生产能力.对胞间CO2浓度和气孔限制值的变化分析表明:气孔因素是限制光饱和阶段光合速率的主要因素. 相似文献
9.
对弱光生态型盾叶薯蓣在生长光强为1.5、10、15、30、55、100、270 μmol·m-2s-1的长期适应进行了测定.结果表明,生长在光强为100 μmol·m-2s-1下的盾叶薯蓣叶片有最大光合放氧速率,同时也有最大的光呼吸速率.生长在10、30和55 μmol·m-2s-1下的盾叶薯蓣叶片有较高的有效量子产额;光强100 μmol·m-2s-1下的盾叶薯蓣的有效量子产额降低了9.7%.从幼叶到完全伸展的成熟叶,最大量子产额和有效量子产额的变化不大.光强100 μmol·m-2s-1下的盾叶薯蓣其放氧活性和电子传递速度最大.盾叶薯蓣离体叶绿体样品的光合放氧活性和电子传递活性远低于等量叶绿素叶片的相应活性. 相似文献
10.
以引种栽培的短梗大参为研究对象,采用LI-6400便携式光合仪测定了短梗大参叶片的光合参数,探讨了其光合生理特性,为短梗大参引种及在园林上推广应用提供栽培基础。结果表明:短梗大参叶片净光合速率(Pn)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、大气温度(Ta)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)的日变化曲线均呈单峰曲线,不存在"午休"现象。相关性分析表明影响短梗大参叶片净光合速率的主要生态因子为光合有效辐射和大气温度,生理因子为气孔导度和蒸腾速率。短梗大参叶片净光合速率的年周期变化曲线呈单峰曲线,在夏季6~7月维持在较高水平,春季和秋季较低,冬季最低。短梗大参净光合速率的光响应曲线没有强光抑制现象,采用修正的直角双曲线模型拟合,估算出最大净光合速率(Pmax)为6.902μmol·m-2s-1,光饱和点(LSP)为1 013.163μmol·m-2s-1,光补偿点为(LCP)4.794μmol·m-2s-1,暗呼吸速率(Rd)为0.290μmol·m-2s-1,表明短梗大参耐荫性强,具有较强的弱光适应能力,适合在遮阴环境下栽培。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献