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华北低平原不同播种期春玉米的产量表现及其与气象因子的通径分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对华北地区种植春玉米面临的灌浆期高温胁迫问题,2011-2012年在河北省吴桥县开展了2个春玉米品种(郑单958播种于2011年,金海5号播种于2012年)的播期试验,以探讨气象因子与玉米产量间的关系,为通过调整播种期减轻春玉米灌浆期的高温胁迫提供理论依据。结果初步表明,不同播种期使春玉米灌浆时期发生变化,因而灌浆期气象因子特征表现出差异。4月上旬播种与其他播种期处理相比,春玉米灌浆期光水资源丰富,降雨量增加5.0~47.4 mm,日照时数增多41.0~70.0 h、气温日较差大0.2~0.6℃,但是,高温胁迫严重(≥33℃天数多达15 d,日均温高达28.4℃);5月中旬播种的玉米灌浆期高温胁迫轻（≥33℃天数仅有8 d,日均温平均26.0℃）,而光水资源相对充足;4月中旬、4月下旬和5月上旬播种的玉米灌浆期高温胁迫相对严重;5月下旬播种的玉米灌浆期高温胁迫相对较轻,但阴雨寡照严重。两年的籽粒产量由高到低的播种期依次是,4月上旬、5月中旬、5月上旬、4月下旬、4月中旬、5月下旬;郑单958和金海5号在4月上旬播种的产量分别达9912 kg hm-2和11 046 kg hm-2,在5月中旬播种的产量分别达9906 kg hm-2和10 852.5 kg hm-2,其他4个播种期的产量比前两个播种期低6.0%~28.2%。通径分析表明,4月上旬播种的玉米灌浆期气温日较差大、光照时数长,对千粒重和穗粒数的直接正效应大,从而缓解了高温胁迫负效应;5月中旬播种的玉米产量较高是因为躲避了灌浆期高温胁迫,但气温日较差和日照时数的正效应比4月上旬播种期的低,因此比4月上旬播种的产量低;4月中旬、4月下旬、5月上旬、5月下旬各播种处理的千粒重和穗粒数受高温胁迫或阴雨寡照影响较大,且气温日较差和光照时数正效应较小,产量下降明显。针对华北地区种植春玉米面临的灌浆期高温胁迫问题,2011-2012年在河北省吴桥县开展了2个春玉米品种(郑单958播种于2011年,金海5号播种于2012年)的播期试验,以探讨气象因子与玉米产量间的关系,为通过调整播种期减轻春玉米灌浆期的高温胁迫提供理论依据。结果初步表明,不同播种期使春玉米灌浆时期发生变化,因而灌浆期气象因子特征表现出差异。4月上旬播种与其他播种期处理相比,春玉米灌浆期光水资源丰富,降雨量增加5.0~47.4 mm,日照时数增多41.0~70.0 h、气温日较差大0.2~0.6℃,但是,高温胁迫严重(≥33℃天数多达15 d,日均温高达28.4℃);5月中旬播种的玉米灌浆期高温胁迫轻（≥33℃天数仅有8 d,日均温平均26.0℃）,而光水资源相对充足;4月中旬、4月下旬和5月上旬播种的玉米灌浆期高温胁迫相对严重;5月下旬播种的玉米灌浆期高温胁迫相对较轻,但阴雨寡照严重。两年的籽粒产量由高到低的播种期依次是,4月上旬、5月中旬、5月上旬、4月下旬、4月中旬、5月下旬;郑单958和金海5号在4月上旬播种的产量分别达9912 kg hm-2和11 046 kg hm-2,在5月中旬播种的产量分别达9906 kg hm-2和10 852.5 kg hm-2,其他4个播种期的产量比前两个播种期低6.0%~28.2%。通径分析表明,4月上旬播种的玉米灌浆期气温日较差大、光照时数长,对千粒重和穗粒数的直接正效应大,从而缓解了高温胁迫负效应;5月中旬播种的玉米产量较高是因为躲避了灌浆期高温胁迫,但气温日较差和日照时数的正效应比4月上旬播种期的低,因此比4月上旬播种的产量低;4月中旬、4月下旬、5月上旬、5月下旬各播种处理的千粒重和穗粒数受高温胁迫或阴雨寡照影响较大,且气温日较差和光照时数正效应较小,产量下降明显。 相似文献
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滨海盐碱地不同抗虫棉品种的产量和熟相及去早果枝的效应 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
为探讨不同抗虫棉品种在滨海盐碱地的产量和熟相及其对去早果枝的反应,以早发型（鲁棉研17、21）、晚发型（鲁棉研18、22）抗虫棉和两者的F1杂交种（01H00、01H01）为材料,于2006－2007年在东营市盐碱棉田进行了试验观察。结果表明,早发型和晚发型抗虫棉品种间的早熟性和熟相存在显著差异,两者的杂交种在2006和2007年分别比常规种增产5.7%~14.5%和4.7%~6.8%,并表现出较好的熟相。早发型常规抗虫棉去早果枝增产5.6%~8.4%,早衰得到延缓;晚发型常规抗虫棉去早果枝减产9.3%~13.1%,表现晚熟。利用不同熟相类型的常规抗虫棉配置杂交组合以及对早发抗虫棉品种去早果枝都是延缓早衰、提高盐碱地棉花产量的有效途径。 相似文献
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去早果枝对抗虫棉产量、品质和早衰的影响 总被引：1，自引：7，他引：1
以早发型(鲁棉研17、21)、晚发型(鲁棉研18、22)和两者的杂交种(F1)为材料,于2004-2005年在山东省商河县和夏津县进行了去早果枝试验.结果表明,早发型抗虫棉和杂交棉去早果枝的皮棉产量比各自留果枝的对照分别提高了3.3%和5.7%,而晚发型品种2004年略有减产,2005年在夏津减产6.2%.去早果枝显著减少了伏前桃的比例、增加了伏桃比例和棉花株高,早发型品种的生育期基本不受影响,而晚发型品种的生育期则平均延长了2.1 d.去果枝与留果枝相比,平均纤维长度和比强度分别提高了2.6%和2.3%,麦克隆值降低了5.6%,但未达到显著差异.去早果枝对棉花后期早衰具有一定的缓解作用. 相似文献
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为探讨陇东春玉米生长发育及产量形成的最适宜播种期，为当地玉米种植提供参考依据。基于2018—2020年开展的全国农业气象试验站玉米区域联合试验—西峰春玉米分期播种试验，研究不同播期对陇东春玉米生长发育进程及产量形成的影响。结果表明：播期每推迟10 d，玉米全生育期天数缩短5.5 d，播期对于春玉米全育期天数的影响主要集中在出苗时间、苗期生长阶段，随着播期的推迟，出苗时间和苗期生长阶段所需时间均缩短；玉米全生育期天数与温度呈显著负相关，与积温、日照时数呈显著正相关，降水量对玉米全生育期天数影响较小。随着播期推迟，玉米的单株籽粒数、百粒重及产量值均呈现先增加后减少的趋势，即SD2、SD3大于SD1、SD4播期。适当晚播种，抽雄前降水量充沛，抽雄后气温高、积温多有利于百粒重及单株籽粒数的增加，从而增产。陇东春玉米适宜播种期宜选择在4月下旬—5月上旬，此时气象条件配比最有利于春玉米生长发育，可最大程度提高玉米产量。 相似文献
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以豌豆为试材,采用随机区组试验设计,分析不同熟性豌豆品种在4月13日、4月23日、5月3日、5月13日和5月23日5个播期下的生育进程、农艺性状及种子产量表现.结果表明:不同熟性豌豆品种营养生长期和生殖生长期受播期影响都较大,生育期随着播期推迟而缩短,播种—出苗时间缩短尤为明显;早熟品种在4月23日前后、晚熟品种在4月13日前后播种能明显增加单株荚数和荚粒数,提高籽粒饱满度,减少瘪粒率;早熟豌豆品种生育期短,成熟快,适播期较宽,适当晚播(4月23日前后)可获得较高产量;晚熟品种生育期长,成熟慢,适播期较窄,早播(4月13日前后)可获得较高产量,过期播种产量下降. 相似文献
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为探索独山县直播稻适宜的播期,开展了4个不同播期的比较试验。结果表明：播种期在4月5日、4月15日,水稻穗实粒数、结实率高于在4月25日、5月5日播种,其单产较高,分别为773．8kg／667m2、760．1kg／667m2,并显著高于在4月25日、5月5日播种。在大田生产中,独山县最佳播种期为4月上旬末至4月中旬。 相似文献
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滨海盐土地膜覆盖对抗虫棉产量和熟相的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[研究目的]旨在探索滨海盐碱地地膜覆盖对不同抗虫棉品种的产量和熟相的影响。[方法]以三个不同类型的转Bt基因抗虫棉品种33B、鲁棉研17号、鲁棉研15号为材料,于2004年在东营市滨海盐碱地比较研究了3个品种在露地直播（对照）和地膜覆盖条件下的产量、产量构成、早熟性和熟相表现。[结果]地膜覆盖栽培显著提高了3个品种的产量,33B、鲁棉研17和鲁棉研15覆膜栽培分别比露地栽培增产20.3%、9.0%和12.4%;地膜覆盖显著提高了3个品种的铃数和铃重,但对衣分的影响不大;品种间的熟相差异显著,但同一品种露地和覆膜处理的熟相没有差异。与露地栽培相比,覆盖栽培的33B、鲁棉研17和鲁棉研15的霜前花率分别提高了4.3%、3.5%和2.8%。[结论]地膜覆盖没有促进早衰,却显著提高了棉花的产量和早熟性,是实现抗虫棉早熟高产的重要途径。 相似文献
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不同抗虫棉基因型的生长发育和产量表现 总被引：15，自引：6，他引：15
以33B为对照,选择山东育成的5个常规、2个杂交Bt抗虫棉品种连续进行了4年的比较观察。结果表明,供试Bt常规抗虫棉大致可分为早发和晚发两种类型,前者除具有33B结铃性强、抗早衰等优点外,单株总生物产量、铃重和衣分也有所提高,4年平均皮棉产量比对照33B提高5%～6%,但仍具有前期生长慢、生育期偏长的特点;后者前期生育快,早熟性好,铃重和衣分显著提高,4年平均皮棉比对照33B增产5%～7%,但结铃数下降,易早衰。两个Bt杂交抗虫棉品种较好地协调了产量构成三因素之间的关系,4年平均皮棉产量比对照33B增产18%～19%。 相似文献
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灌溉、播期和垄作等栽培方式对小麦产量和蛋白品质性状具有重要影响。将21个中国和CIMMYT硬质春麦品种于2000—2001和2001—2002年度分别种植在CIMMYT的Obregon试验站4种处理环境中。结果表明，所有性状均受品种和处理环境的显著影响，产量和沉降值同时还受品种和处理环境互作效应的显著作用，在进行产量和品质改良时应考虑品种与处理环境间的互作。充分灌溉和适期播种有利于提高产量，减少灌溉迟播垄作则有利于提高蛋白含量和沉降值。Rayon F 89产量、蛋白含量和沉降值均较高；龙麦26产量、蛋白含量和沉降值显著高于其他光敏感品种。充分灌溉适期播种垄作利于提高Rayon F 89等的产量和Weaver等的沉降值，充分灌溉适期播种平播利于提高Seri M 82等的产量和Attila等的沉降值，充分灌溉迟播垄作利于提高龙麦26等的产量和Super Seri#1等的沉降值，减少灌溉适期播种垄作则利于提高Rayong F 89等的产量和Weaver等的沉降值。 相似文献
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Feng Guoyi Wang Shulin Qi Hong Zhang Qian Lei Xiaopeng Wang Yan Liang Qinglong Lin Yongzeng 《棉花学报》2018,30(4):291-299
[Objective] The effects of sowing date on the yield and quality formation of two different cotton cultivars were studied under machine-picked conditions in the coastal saline-alkali area of Eastern Hebei Province, China to identify the optimal sowing date and harvest method to improve cotton yield and quality consistency. [Method] The experiments were conducted in the state-run Haixing farm in Hebei Province during 2017 with a cotton crop seeded in 2016. The hybrid cotton Jiza 2 and conventional cotton Shikang 126 were used in this experiment. Varieties were tested using three sowing dates: April 15 (B1), April 25 (B2), and May 5 (B3) as the main plot. Six harvest dates were also used as subplots in this experiment: September 10, September 20, September 30, October 10, October 20, and October 30. [Results] The lint yield of Jiza 2 was nearly 1 400 kg·hm－2 when the sowing date was May 5. Conversely, the highest lint yield for Shikang 126 was obtained when the cotton was sown on April 25. The yield associated with different sowing times was mainly formed in September, with this month accounting for more than 75% of yield. The fiber quality was better in September than October. The fiber quality of Jiza 2 was improved with a delay inthe sowing date. The best fiber quality for Shikang 126 was obtained with the April 25 sowing date. There was a small difference between the micronaire, fiber length, and length uniformity with different September harvest times. The fiber quality index was optimized and the consistency of the micronaire, upper half mean length, and length uniformity were higher with Shikang 126 before September 20 when sown on April 25. [Conclusion] Comprehensive consideration of yield and quality index indicated that hybrid cotton Jiza 2 performed best when sown on May 5 and harvested for the first time at the end of September. The conventional cotton Shikang 126 should be sown around April 25 and harvested for the first time on the last ten-day of September. 相似文献
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外源6-BA和ABA对不同播种期棉花产量和品质及其棉铃对位叶光合产物的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大田播种期(4月25日和5月25日)和植物生长调节剂(6-BA和ABA)试验于2006年在江苏南京(长江流域下游棉区)和河南安阳(黄河流域黄淮棉区)进行，以科棉1号和美棉33B品种为材料，研究外源6-BA和ABA对不同播种期棉铃对位叶光合产物形成与运转的影响及其与产量品质的关系。结果表明: (1) 6-BA显著提高棉铃对位叶蔗糖含量和转化率及淀粉含量，而ABA则主要调节棉铃对位叶内源激素平衡。(2)不同播种期条件下(4月25日和5月25日)，外源6-BA均可使棉花单铃重增加、纤维品质提高，外源ABA在晚播(5月25日，南京试点和安阳试点棉铃发育期MDTmin分别为20.9℃和16.5℃)条件下可使棉花产量(安阳试点)和纤维主要品质指标下降幅度减小；外源6-BA和ABA对棉籽主要品质性状的作用均不显著。(3)晚播条件下外源6-BA和ABA均可提高相对棉花主要品质指标，但两者作用机制不同，外源6-BA主要是提高棉铃对位叶光合产物含量和蔗糖转化率，而ABA则主要是诱导棉株抗逆性。 相似文献
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H. A. Esechie 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1995,175(1):41-49
The effect of planting date on the growth and yield of irrigated sunflower was investigated in 1992 and 1993. Two sunflower hybrids, Islero and Upsol-veraflor, were sown at three different dates (3 October, 4 November, 2 December 1992 and 5 October, 6 November, 4 December 1993) in Sultan Qaboos University Agricultural Experiment Station on the Batinah Coast of Oman in a desert climate. Sunflower planted in December emerged later, flowered later and matured later than that planted in October or November. Severity of stalk lodging was closely related to the extent of stem weevil infestation, which was more serious in the early planted sunflower. Sclerotina head rot was also most severe in the October plantings and least severe in the December plantings. Head diameter, number of seeds per head and percentage of large seeds increased with delay in planting date. Seed yield and oil yield were highest in the December planted sunflower but oil concentration was not affected by the planting date. Based on these results, a December planting date was recommended for the Batinah Coast of Oman and other areas with similar climatic conditions. 相似文献
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密度对棉花产量及棉铃内部产量构成的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以杂交种中棉所75和常规种鲁棉研28为材料,从冠层、单株以及单铃内部几个不同层次深入研究了密度对产量及产量构成因子的影响。结果表明,密度显著影响棉花产量,且这种影响可追溯到单株,甚至单个棉铃内部的单个种子上。5.1万株和8.7万株·hm-2密度下皮棉产量无显著差异,但显著高于1.5万株·hm-2密度的产量。在该试验密度范围,随着密度增加,棉株上部果枝和外围果节的成铃率显著降低;铃重、单粒种子截面积和单铃内种子数随密度增加呈下降趋势;单粒种子上纤维质量与种子所处位置相关,在棉铃基部和中部其随密度变化差异较大。 相似文献
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播期对耐密植大豆品种主要农艺性状及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
为了研究播期对大豆主要农艺性状及产量的影响,以黑龙江省第三积温带大豆主栽耐密植品种合丰51为试验材料,通过5个播期处理（S1为5月10日,S2为5月20日,S3为5月30日,S4为6月9日, S5为6月19日）,研究不同播期条件下大豆主要农艺性状及产量的变化规律。结果表明,随着播期的延迟,株高、主茎节数及百粒重呈逐渐降低的趋势;单株荚数、单株粒数呈先增加后降低趋势;大豆产量随着播期的延迟呈先增加后降低趋势,在S3处理达到最高值,为4214.3kg/hm2。因此,大豆品种合丰51在黑龙江省东部地区的最佳播种时期为5月30日。 相似文献
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In Hawaii, soybeans planted in November through January will produce yields of 25 to 50 percent compared with those planted through June. Yield components were studied for several soybean cultivars to determine which one was the most sensitive to planting dates and if there were differences between cultivars.
Soybean cultivars, Amsoy 71, Davis, Forrest, Kahala, P.I. 297,550 , and Williams were planted each month for two years. One November planting was lost, so there were 23 tests representing different environments. Each test consisted of 24 plots, six cultivars in four replications in a randomized block.
Analysis of variance of combined tests indicated significant differences between number of plants, pods per plant, seeds per pod, seed weight, yield of seed, plant height, and oil content of the seed that were due to data of planting, cultivar, and date × cultivar interaction.
Regression analysis indicated a closer relationship between pods per plant and yield during stress conditions (November through January plantings), whereas number of seeds per pod was more closely associated with yield during non-stress environments (April through June plantings). 相似文献
Soybean cultivars, Amsoy 71, Davis, Forrest, Kahala, P.I. 297,550 , and Williams were planted each month for two years. One November planting was lost, so there were 23 tests representing different environments. Each test consisted of 24 plots, six cultivars in four replications in a randomized block.
Analysis of variance of combined tests indicated significant differences between number of plants, pods per plant, seeds per pod, seed weight, yield of seed, plant height, and oil content of the seed that were due to data of planting, cultivar, and date × cultivar interaction.
Regression analysis indicated a closer relationship between pods per plant and yield during stress conditions (November through January plantings), whereas number of seeds per pod was more closely associated with yield during non-stress environments (April through June plantings). 相似文献
19.
Effects of Planting Date on Sucrose Metabolism in the Leaf Subtending to Cotton Boll,Within-boll Yield Components and Fiber Quality 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Chen Gong Peng Jinjian Luo Haihua Gao Xin Yuan Changkai Yin Mengyao Xiang Chunling Wang Peipei Tu Qinghua Tang Feiyu 《棉花学报》2013,32(2):102-112
[Objective] The present study aimed to investigate how sucrose metabolism in the leaf subtending to cotton boll, within-boll yield components and fiber quality respond to varying planting dates. [Method] Two upland cotton lines A705 and A201 differing in cotton boll traits were field tested in 2016-2017. Two different planting dates were designed with early planting on April 12, 2016, and April 15, 2017, and late planting on May 6, 2016, and May 28, 2017, respectively. Dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates (sucrose, hexose, starch) and key sucrose metabolism enzymes in the leaf subtending to cotton boll were examined including vacuolar acid invertase, cell wall acid invertase, sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase. The differences between two planting dates were compared for within- boll yield components, fiber quality and sucrose metabolism related characteristics. [Result] Late planting lengthened the period of cotton boll maturation relative to early planting. Boll weight, seed mass per boll, seed index and fiber length were increased, and lint percentage and micronaire were decreased. Late planting reduced the activities of cell wall acid invertase and sucrose synthase responsible for sucrose degradation, and in turn led to the increment of sucrose concentration in the subtending leaves which might enhance the carbon supply to the opposite bolls. [Conclusion] Lower temperature due to late planting could contribute to the more full development of cotton bolls. Late planting is an alternative consideration in improvement of fiber quality in cotton cultural practices. 相似文献