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1.
Red‐mark syndrome (RMS), a disease seen mostly in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, is of unknown aetiology. The research presented here indicates the presence of an intracellular bacterium in RMS‐affected fish. A positive reaction was observed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with skin lesions, liver, kidney and spleen of affected fish sampled from several locations within the United Kingdom using two different polyclonal antisera raised against Piscirickettsia salmonis. The same reaction was also seen with a number of different anti‐P. salmonis monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). A disease with similar clinical signs to RMS, referred to as strawberry disease (SD), has been reported in the USA. A Rickettsia‐like organism (RLO) has recently been associated with SD based on analysis of 16S rDNA sequences. Using the same panel of anti‐P. salmonis antibodies used to screen the RMS samples, similar staining was obtained in tissue of SD‐affected fish by IHC. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using RLO‐specific primers was also performed on RMS‐affected fish from the United Kingdom, and the samples were positive for the RLO 16S rRNA sequence. These findings suggest that the same aetiological agent may be responsible for RMS in the United Kingdom and SD in the USA.  相似文献   

2.
Red mark syndrome (RMS) and US strawberry disease (US SD) are skin disorders affecting rainbow trout farmed in Europe and USA. The disease etiology has not yet been established. In spite of specific investigations, identifying Rickettsia‐like organism (RLO)‐ and Midichloria‐like organism (MLO)‐related DNA in affected individuals, these pathogens have never been observed. We performed histological, ultrastructural and biomolecular analysis on skin and spleen samples of trout with RMS. Examination by TEM revealed the presence of intracytoplasmic microorganisms resembling Rickettsiales within macrophages, fibroblasts and erythrocytes. The microorganisms were oval or short rod shaped (400–800 nm in length and 100–200 nm in width) and often showed a cell wall similar to Gram‐negative bacteria. PCR analysis for Rickettsiales supported these findings: 53% of affected trout were positive by both PCR and TEM The primers RiFCfw‐RiFCrev were used to anneal both the RLO 16S DNA sequence and the MLO 16S DNA sequence. For this reason, and in agreement with previous studies confirming the presence of Rickettsiales‐related DNA in trout with RMS, we assume that TEM detected microorganisms morphologically consistent with bacteria belonging to Rickettsiales order and could be considered as possible causative agents of RMS.  相似文献   

3.
A qPCR assay was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the aetiological agent of bacterial cold-water disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome in salmonid fish worldwide. A set of F. psychrophilum-specific primers based on 16S rRNA gene sequences was designed and validated for specific detection and quantification of DNA isolated from representative strains of F. psychrophilum. The qPCR assay exhibited a high specificity for the 16S rRNA gene of F. psychrophilum (from 4 × 10(8) down to 11 copies per reaction) but not for other Flavobacterium species or other bacteria including fish pathogens. This qPCR-based method proved to be useful in the quantification of the F. psychrophilum titre present within organs dissected out from diseased fish. As the F. psychrophilum genome contains six copies of the 16S rRNA gene, we could infer a limit of detection corresponding to two bacteria per reaction, corresponding to 800 bacteria per fish tissue sample, and therefore 20 F. psychrophilum cells mg(-1) of tissue (for sample weighing 40 mg). The qPCR assay reported here could be a useful tool for veterinary diagnostic laboratories to monitor the F. psychrophilum infection level in fish farms.  相似文献   

4.
Biological nitrogen removal technology using microbe is an efficient process for nitrogen removal from aquatic water. To determine the key of efficient application on how the effect of probiotics lasting, a nitrite nitrogen (nitrite‐N) degrading 8DO17 strain Pseudomonas was screened and a method for quantification was explored. Real‐time qPCR assays based on the 16S rRNA genes (16S rDNA) were used to quantify the probiotics. The results showed that (i) the nitrite‐N degradation rate of the 8DO17 strain was 99%; (ii) a wide spectrum of pH (7.0–9.0) and concentration of nitrite‐N (0.5–10 mg L?1) and the highest rate of nitrite‐N degradation near to 100% under optimum conditions (35°C, salinity 30, pH 7.5) was explored; (iii) no significant differences were found in the survival, total haemocyte count, antibacterial activities and bacteriolytic activity of the shrimp between the treatments and the control (P > 0.05); (iv) for the use of real‐time PCR based on 16S rDNA test, detection limit is 103 DNA copies and an excellent correlation coefficients (R² = 0.999) was obtained; and (v) in the application of real‐time PCR assay in four nitrite‐N degrading samples, highly significant positive correlation relation (P < 0.01) was found between log copy number of 16S rDNA and the rate of nitrite‐N degradation. The results suggest the real‐time PCR is a very rapid and sensitive technique for monitoring the dynamic changes and assessing the effect in practical application of the 8DO17 strain in aquatic water.  相似文献   

5.
The aim of this study is the development and evaluation of a rapid and accurate quantitative PCR (qPCR)‐based protocol for detection of zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus iniae in bacterial cultures and tissues of diseased fish. For this purpose, the lactate permease‐encoding (lldY) gene was selected as a target for the design of S. iniae‐specific primers based on comparative genomic analysis using 45 sequences retrieved from NCBI genome database. Specificity and applicability of these primers were tested using 115 bacterial strains and fish tissues infected with S. iniae. Sensitivity, reproducibility and efficiency of qPCR assay were also determined. The developed qPCR assay showed 100% specificity with pure bacterial cultures or DNA extracted from S. iniae or tissues of fish infected with the bacterium. The method has high sensitivity with a detection limit of 1.12 × 101 amplicon copies per assay (equivalent to 2 × 10–9 ng/µl) using bacterial DNA and of 1.44 × 101 gene copies in tissues of fish infected with S. iniae. In conclusion, this qPCR protocol provides an accurate and sensitive alternative for the identification of S. iniae and its detection on fish tissues that can be implemented as a routine tool in microbiological laboratories.  相似文献   

6.
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7.
A total of 777 fish from three growing regions of New Zealand Chinook salmon farms comprising of five sites were tested. Quantitative PCR was used to determine the distribution of New Zealand rickettsia‐like organism and Tenacibaculum maritimum. Genetic information from these bacteria were then compared with strains reported worldwide. Using this information, suggested associations of pathogens with clinically affected fish were made. NZ‐RLO was detected in two of the three regions, and T. maritimum was detected in all regions. Three strains of NZ‐RLO were identified during this study. Based on analysis of the ITS rRNA gene, NZ‐RLO1 appears to be part of an Australasian grouping sharing high similarity with the Tasmanian RLO, NZ‐RLO2 was shown to be the same as an Irish strain, and NZ‐RLO3 was shown be closely related to two strains from Chile. Based on multi‐locus sequence typing, the New Zealand T. maritimum was the same as Australian strains. NZ‐RLOs were detected more frequently in fish with skin ulcers than fish without skin ulcers. While additional research is required to investigate the pathogenicity of these organisms, this is the first time that NZ‐RLOs have been associated with the development of clinical infections in farmed Chinook salmon.  相似文献   

8.
刘帅  王荻  卢彤岩  曹永生  杨晨  朱国建  李绍戊 《水产学报》2017,41(12):1928-1935
为实现杀鲑气单胞菌早期快速准确定量检测,研究旨在建立杀鲑气单胞菌的SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)检测方法。根据GenBank中杀鲑气单胞菌毒力阵列蛋白基因(vapA)保守序列设计并合成一对特异性引物,对其特异性、灵敏度、可重复性和应用性进行评价。结果显示,研究设计的引物具有良好的种间特异性,仅对杀鲑气单胞菌及其亚种有阳性扩增,与其他细菌不发生交叉反应。构建的Real-time PCR标准曲线质粒拷贝数与循环阈值呈良好的线性关系,扩增所得标准曲线分别为y=–4.8345x+42.535,相关系数R~2为0.998,最低检测限为34拷贝/μL,较常规PCR的灵敏度高出约1000倍。应用建立的方法检测人工感染的虹鳟病样,15个被检样品呈阳性反应,与细菌常规鉴定方法结果一致。研究表明,所建立的基于实时荧光定量PCR技术的杀鲑气单胞菌检测方法快速、特异、灵敏,可用于临床诊断和疫病监测。  相似文献   

9.
Finfish with asymptomatic Yersinia ruckeri infections pose a major risk as they can transmit the pathogen and cause clinical outbreaks in stock populations. Current tools have insufficient quantitative ability for accurately detecting the trace levels of Y. ruckeri typically associated with asymptomatic infection, necessitate invasive or lethal sampling, or require long processing times. This study presents a highly sensitive qPCR‐based method, targeting part of the Y. ruckeri 16S rRNA sequence, that is capable of detecting extremely low levels of Y. ruckeri in noninvasively collected faecal samples. Quantitative precision and accuracy of faecal sample analysis was consistent, despite the complexity of the faecal matrix. The assay demonstrated linearity over a six log‐wide dynamic range. Its limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 4 and 10 copies of the target sequence, respectively. Sensitivity of the assay was comparable to other qPCR‐based methods without requiring invasive or lethal sampling. Applicability as a screening strategy was tested using passively collected faecal samples. Asymptomatic Y. ruckeri infection was detected in all samples, although none of the fish exhibited overt infection. This method will be beneficial for finfish disease management if developed further as a noninvasive, screening tool against asymptomatic Y. ruckeri infection.  相似文献   

10.
A Lancefield group C streptococcal (GCS) infection caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae that is characterized by severe necrotic lesions of the caudal peduncle has been an increasing cause of mortality in farmed fish such as amberjack, Seriola dumerili, and yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, in the southern part of Kyushu, Japan. In this study, enzymatic profiles of GCS strains from fish and mammals were investigated using the API ZYM system, and genotypic characterization of GCS strains was performed using biased sinusoidal field gel electrophoresis (BSFGE). The partial sequence of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region of the GCS strain isolates from fish and mammals was also compared. The API ZYM test indicated that it is difficult to differentiate isolates of S. dysgalactiae from fish and animals based on enzymological variations. In the BSFGE analysis, the macrorestriction profiles, which were obtained using SmaI or ApaI as a restriction enzyme, revealed variations between the fish and animal isolates. The partial sequence of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region of all the tested fish isolates differed from all mammalian isolates in one or two nucleotides. The possibility of a clonal expansion of S. dysgalactiae strains in farmed fish was also suggested by the BSFGE profiles of fish isolates.  相似文献   

11.
A Lancefield serological group C Streptococcus sp. was isolated from cultured amberjack, Seriola dumerili Risso, and yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck and Schlegel, immunized with Lactococcus garvieae commercial vaccines in Japan. The isolated bacteria were Gram-positive cocci, auto-aggregating in saline, morphologically long chains in growth medium, catalase negative and alpha-haemolytic on blood agar. An almost complete gene sequence of the 16S rDNA of two isolates was determined and compared with that of bacterial strains in the database. The isolates were identified as Streptococcus dysgalactiae based on the results of the 16S rDNA sequence, the bacteriological properties and the Lancefield serological grouping. Oligonucleotide primers specifically designed for the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region of S. dysgalactiae amplified a gene from all the fish isolates, as well as the type strains alpha-haemolytic S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae ATCC430738 and beta-haemolytic S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis ATCC35666, but not those of S. equi ATCC33398, Lactococcus garvieae ATCC43921 and L. garvieae KG9408. The severe necrotic lesions of the caudal peduncle seen in experimentally infected fish were similar to those seen in naturally infected fish.  相似文献   

12.
This work describes a primer pair and a high‐throughput SYBR Green I‐based real‐time PCR protocol combined with melting curve analysis for identification and quantification of Vagococcus salmoninarum in bacterial cultures and infected fish tissues. The 16S rRNA gene was selected for the design of the primer pair (SalF and SalR). The sensitivity and specificity of this primer pair were compared with other previously designed for conventional PCR. Although both primer pairs showed 100% specificity using pure bacterial cultures or DNA extracted from bacteria or fish tissues, the primer pairs designed in this study showed the highest sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.034 × 100 amplicon copies per assay (equivalent to 2 × 10?11 ng/µl, Cq value of 30.49 ± 1.71). The developed qPCR protocol allowed the detection of V. salmoninarum in non‐lethal and lethal fish samples with detection levels of 0.17 × 100 gene copies in tissues artificially infected and 0.02 × 100 in tissues of fish experimentally infected with V. salmoninarum. The high sensitivity of the developed method suggests that it could be considered as a useful tool for diagnosis of vagococcosis and the detection of V. salmoninarum in asymptomatic or carrier fish.  相似文献   

13.
凡纳滨对虾养殖池水中氨化细菌的鉴定及系统发育分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
张庆华 《水产学报》2007,31(5):692-698
2004年上海地区凡纳滨对虾养殖业遭受到了毁灭性的病害冲击。杨先乐等[1]认为2004年上海及周边地区凡纳滨对虾病害暴发流行的病原较为复杂,有可能是原来所发现的病毒,也可能是变异株或新的病原体,还可能是多种病原的混合感染。虽然目前凡纳滨对虾的疾病主要表现为病毒性疾病,但  相似文献   

14.
鲁氏耶尔森菌(Yersinia ruckeri)是导致虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)肠炎红嘴病的病原。本研究以鲁氏耶尔森菌毒力因子rup A基因为靶标设计1对特异性引物,以含有rup A基因部分序列的重组质粒为标准品构建标准曲线,优化建立检测鲁氏耶尔森菌的SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,并对腹腔注射鲁氏耶尔森菌菌悬液的虹鳟肝、肾、脾、血液样品进行检测。结果显示,设计的引物具有良好的种间特异性,标准曲线线性方程为y=–3.3766x+40.012(R~2=0.9958);最低检测限为57 copy/μL,较常规PCR的灵敏度高出约100倍。应用检测结果表明,本方法可准确检测被鲁氏耶尔森菌感染的虹鳟样品。研究表明,所建立的qPCR方法具有特异、灵敏、快速、定量的优点,可用于快速诊断虹鳟肠炎红嘴病早期病症及定量检测鲁氏耶尔森菌。  相似文献   

15.
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the 3′-portion of the mitochondrial 16S RNA gene (rDNA) coding sequence was used to determine flying fish paste in ago-noyaki. We quantified the amount of flying fish paste in ago-noyaki samples using flying fish-specific primers (Tobi16SF3/Tobi16SR) and universal primers (Univ16SF2/Univ16SR2). Using real-time PCR of standard ago-noyaki, a standard equation was obtained (y = 1.08x − 3.20; R 2 = 0.977). This equation was then used to estimate the relative flying fish paste contents of eight commercially available ago-noyaki and two similar products. These results verified that the ago-noyaki products that had already been labeled with the E-mark deserved this status.  相似文献   

16.
本研究建立了定量检测鲤疱疹病毒2型(Cyprinid herpesvirus 2,CyHV-2)的微滴式数字PCR(Droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)检测方法,并与实时荧光定量PCR(Quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)检测方法的灵敏性、重复性、特异性和临床样品检测做了比较分析.结果表明,与qPCR相比,ddPCR具有相同的特异性,其灵敏性比qPCR低20倍.在定量CyHV-2 DNA时,ddPCR (R2=0.994)和qPCR (R2=0.994)均表现出良好的线性关系,且2种检测方法间的定量值呈正相关(R2=0.989).在定量检测相同稀释度的CyHV-2 DNA时,qPCR的定量值始终比ddPCR高10倍.ddPCR的组内和组间重复变异系数(CV)分别为0.59％-11.26％和6.55％-23.21％,而qPCR为16.57％-27.56％和22.31％-56.73％,说明ddPCR具有更好的稳定性.在临床样品定量检测时,ddPCR的检出率稍高于qPCR.本研究建立的ddPCR能够准确定量检测CyHV-2,将为CyHV-2相关研究提供有益参考.  相似文献   

17.
运用组织病理切片、电镜观察及PCR扩增等方法对2017年在舟山采集到的临床表现"白鳃"症状的发病大黄鱼(Larimichthyscrocea)开展了病原学及快速检测方法的初步研究。组织病理观察显示,患病鱼的肝、脾、肾等内脏组织发生严重的病理变化,尤其是组织内红细胞发生明显的退行性变化,同时血液中红细胞数量显著减少。在病鱼组织的电镜超薄切片中可观察到直径约300～600 nm的孢子虫样结构。提取病鱼内脏组织总基因组DNA样本,采用1对针对寄生原虫的通用引物进行SSUrDNA的PCR扩增,最终获得大小为1471bp的特异性条带,经测序比对发现,该条带与GenBank中1种黏孢子虫Sinuolinea sp.的序列同源性最高,达89%。根据获得的SSU rDNA序列,建立了适用于该病临床检测的巢式PCR方法,最小灵敏度可达0.5 pg。研究表明,引起此次网箱养殖大黄鱼"白鳃"症状并导致鱼类大量死亡的是一类寄生性黏孢子虫。  相似文献   

18.
Neoparamoeba perurans is the causative agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD). Two loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays targeting the parasite 18S rRNA and the Atlantic salmon EF1α, used as internal control, were designed. The N. perurans LAMP assay did not amplify close relatives N. pemaquidensis and N. branchiphila, or the host DNA. This assay detected 106 copies of the parasite 18S rRNA gene under 13 min and 103 copies under 35 min. Five “fast-and-dirty” DNA extraction methods were compared with a reference method and further validated by TaqMan™ qPCR. Of those, the QuickExtract buffer was selected for field tests. Seventy-one non-lethal gill swabs were analysed from AGD-clinically infected Atlantic salmon. The pathogen was detected under 23 min in fish of gill score >2 and under 39 min for lower gill scores. About 1.6% of the tests were invalid (no amplification of the internal control). 100% of positives were obtained from swabs taken from fish showing gill score ˃3, but only ~50% of positives for lower gill scores. The present LAMP assay could be implemented as a point-of-care test for the on-site identification of N. perurans; however, further work is required to improve its performance for lower scores.  相似文献   

19.
PCR扩增特异性16SrDNA和溶血素基因检测致病性嗜水气单胞菌   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  
储卫华 《水产学报》2005,29(1):79-82
根据已发表的气单胞菌16S rDNA基因序列及气单胞菌气溶素(aerolysin)基因序列，设计了2对引物，建立了检测致病性嗜水气单胞菌的PCR方法。通过对12株气单胞菌的检测，发现16S rDNA引物具有高度的特异性，仅对嗜水气单胞菌扩增阳性。而Aero基因引物检测结果与采用生物学方法(鲜血平板法)检测的结果符合率为97．2％，且具有高度的敏感性，可检测最低1fg的模板。将16S rDNA与Aero基因结合PCR方法检测致病性嗜水气单胞菌与用致病性嗜水气单胞菌检测试剂盒的符合率为94．4％。该方法的建立为致病性嗜水气单胞菌的检测提供了一种简便、快速的途径，是一种比较实用的致病性嗜水气单胞菌的检测方法。  相似文献   

20.
An epizootic in pond cultured three striped tigerfish, Terapon jarbua , in Taiwan was caused by Nocardia seriolae . Diseased fish first showed clinical signs and mortalities in February and March 2003. The cumulative mortality within 2 months was 2.4% (1200 of 50 000) and affected fish were 7 months old with total lengths from 18 to 25 cm. Most affected fish were pale and lethargic with haemorrhages and ulcers on the skin. The most significant gross pathological changes were varying degrees of ascites and enlargement of the spleen, kidney and liver. Obvious white nodules, varying in size, were found in these organs. Bacteria were either coccal or filamentous in appearance, with bead-like forms. Isolates from diseased fish were characterized using the API ZYM (Analytical profile index; Bio Mérieux, France) systems and conventional tests and identified as Nocardia sp. The isolate was designated NS127 and was confirmed as N. seriolae by a polymerase chain reaction assay that gave the expected specific 432 bp amplicon. In addition, its 16S rDNA sequence gave 100% sequence identity with N. seriolae . A partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene, heat shock protein gene and RNA polymerase gene (rpo B) of NS127 and the type strain of N. seriolae BCRC 13745 formed a monophyletic clade with a high sequence similarity and bootstrap value of 99.9%. White nodules induced in experimental fish were similar to naturally infected cases and N. seriolae was re-isolated on brain heart infusion agar. This is the first report of N. seriolae -infection in three striped tigerfish in aquaculture.  相似文献   

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