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农药田间药效试验有别于一般防治示范或简单的效果观察。它是农药在进入市场之前,国家为保证农药对有害生物的防治效果和对作物及环境的安全性而开展的一项重要工作。农药田间药效试验需要对农药产品防治效果、负面效应以及环境影响作出客观、公正的综合评价,为农药生产企业办理农药登记提供资料,为农药推广应用提供科学依据。为保证农药田间药效试验的准确性和对试验药剂进行客观合理的分析、评价,笔者通过多年的实践经历,总结了做好农药田间药效试验经验以及具体做法。 相似文献
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农药登记田间药效试验有别于一般防治示范或简单的效果观察。它是农药在进入市场之前,国家为保证农药对有害生物的防治效果和对作物及环境的安全性而开展的一项重要工作。农药田间药效试验需要对农药产品防治效果、负面效应以及环境影响作出客观、公正的综合评价,为农药生产企业办理农药登记提供资料,为农药推广应用提供科学依据。为保证农药田间药效试验的准确性和对试验药剂进行客观合理的分析、评价,笔者通过多年的实践经历,总结了做好农药田间药效试验经验以及具体做法。 相似文献
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由中国农业科学院植物保护研究所负责组织的全国农药田间药效试验网(原称大田药效试验网)已经恢复工作。田间药效试验是研究农药应用技术的一个组成部分。实现农业现代化,防治病虫草害必须发展高效、经济、安全的农药新品种、新剂型,研究农药的合理使用技术。田间药效试验网除了组织田间药效试验、示范外,还将进行药剂试验品种的评定;研究农药新品种、新剂型的投产和对重要病、虫、草害的防治技术等问题。 在制订的工作暂行办法中,提出了试验网的任务,布点要求,统一试验、范示方法;以及对防治效果和应用价值进行考察和核实。有条件的单位,要求进一步扩大防治对象,进行应用技术的研究,如内吸传导,代谢,作用特点,残效期,药害,用药量与药效的关系等。对列入试验网的农药新品种、新剂型,提出了一系列具体要求,供试品种要提出申请说 相似文献
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４０％田园温毕克乳油是广西田园农用化学品有限公司和化工部农药剂型工程技术中心共同研制开发的防治稻瘟病的新药。为了明确该药对稻瘟病的防治效果和最佳使用浓度,我所按农药田间药效试验准测的要求,在安徽进行该药防治稻瘟病的田间小区药效试验。现将结果报告如下：... 相似文献
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农药登记田间药效试验是为农药生产企业办理农药登记提供资料的药效试验。农药生产企业申请登记农药,再报农业部农药检定所审批,获得"农药田间试验批准证书"后,企业与试验单位签订试验协议,开展大田药效试验。农药登记田间药效试验是农药在进入市场之前,国家为保证农药对有害生物的防治效果和对作物及环境的安全性而开展的一项重要工作,试验结果对生产企业能否获得登记、生产的农 相似文献
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我国农药登记生测试验标准及评价体系初步确立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农药应用效果评价是农药登记评价的重要环节,其评价依据主要来自室内生物活性测定和田间药效试验结果,而试验方法的统一、科学和规范是正确评价药剂效果的基础。为此,农业部农药检定所长期致力于农药药效试验方法及药剂评价方法的标准建设工作。自2000年以来,在认真总结多年农药药效试验工作的基础上,经过组织论证,相继制定了农药田间药效试验准则、卫生杀虫剂室内效果评价、农药室内生物活性测定等多项国家及行业标准(具体目录见附表),为我国农药登记药效评价提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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The toxicity of the naturally derived insecticide spinosad was tested against the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. Bioassays using red oak leaf disks, treated with spinosad in a Potter spray tower, yielded an LC50 value of 0.0015 µg AI cm−2 (3‐day exposure; 13‐day evaluation; 2nd instar larvae). Applied to foliage to run‐off in the laboratory (potted red oak seedlings) and the field (4 m‐tall birch trees), spinosad effectively controlled 2nd instar larvae at concentrations ranging from 3 to 50 mg litre−1. Toxicity in the laboratory, and efficacy and persistence in the field, were comparable to those achieved with the insecticide permethrin. Laboratory studies supported field observations that control was achieved in part by knockdown due to paralysis. In addition, laboratory results demonstrated that crawling contact activity may play an important role in field efficacy; 50% of treated larvae were paralyzed 16 h after a 2‐min crawling exposure to glass coated with a 4 mg litre−1 spinosad solution. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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15%阿维·毒乳油防治水稻二化螟田间药效试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
进行了15%阿维菌素·毒死蜱乳油防治水稻二化螟田间药效试验,结果表明,该药剂能有效防治水稻二化螟,每667㎡用40～80ml喷雾防治,药后20 d防治效果达76.24%～98.66%,防治效果随用药量的增加而提高,且对试验作物安全。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Pyrethroid insecticides have historically been effective for controlling bean leaf beetles in soybeans. Perceived field efficacy in the Mississippi Delta region has been lower over the past several years. Laboratory and field data were collected to determine whether there has been a reduction in pyrethroid insecticide susceptibility. RESULTS: Laboratory and field data both confirmed that control of bean leaf beetles with pyrethroid insecticides is poorer in the Delta regions of Mississippi and Louisiana than in all other regions tested. However, it was not possible to show that this reduced susceptibility changed over time. Furthermore, insect movement appeared to make insecticide susceptibility regional, so that localized insecticide applications had little impact on the susceptibility of successive generations. CONCLUSION: Lack of field control owing to low efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides against bean leaf beetle populations in the Delta region should be expected. Selection pressure on a regional basis may further decrease efficacy. Carbamate insecticides generally still provide high levels of control. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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为了筛选对草地贪夜蛾防效优良的新型药剂,采用浸卵法和浸叶法在室内研究了10%硫虫酰胺SC对草地贪夜蛾的毒力,并用喷雾法进行了田间控制作用研究。结果表明,硫虫酰胺浸卵处理对草地贪夜蛾的卵孵化率无明显影响,但能显著提高初孵幼虫的死亡率,其中66.7、133.3、266.7 mg/L等3个浓度处理初孵幼虫校正死亡率均高于92.77%;硫虫酰胺对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫有较强的毒杀作用,各处理72 h后的校正死亡率为65.55%～100%,但对5龄幼虫防效差。田间药效试验表明,药后1 d各处理防效为61.56%～76.75%,速效性差于对照药剂5.7%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)ME;药后7 d各处理防效为84.84%～95.82%,持效性优于5.7%甲维盐ME和200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC。研究表明,10%硫虫酰胺SC可以有效控制草地贪夜蛾,且持效性较好,建议每667 m~2制剂用量30 mL左右,防治适期为草地贪夜蛾卵孵盛期及3龄幼虫前。 相似文献
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The tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) which occurs in various parts of the world, has developed a high degree of resistance against several chemical classes of insecticide, including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, insect growth regulators and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The present studies were done in order to monitor the susceptibility of whitefly populations in southern Spain to insecticides commonly used there. Systemic bioassays using Spanish field populations of B tabaci collected in 1994, 1996 and 1998 indicated an increase, albeit a slow one, in resistance to imidacloprid over this period. Comparative studies of other neonicotinoids using the same bioassay revealed a high degree of cross‐resistance to acetamiprid and thiamethoxam. Leaf‐dip bioassays with adult females from these populations revealed a high level of resistance to cyfluthrin, endosulfan, monocrotophos, methamidophos, and pymetrozine, each at 200 mg litre−1. Buprofezin and pyriproxyfen were tested against second‐instar nymphs and eggs, respectively. Buprofezin also showed a lower efficacy against ESP‐98, a strain of B tabaci received from Almeria in 1998, but pyriproxyfen resistance was not obvious when tested against eggs of strain ESP‐98. Field trials in 1998 revealed good efficacy of imidacloprid in one farm in the Almeria region and two greenhouses in Murcia and Sevilla, but a loss of activity by imidacloprid in another farm in the Almeria region. Cross‐resistance between imidacloprid and thiamethoxam was also confirmed under field conditions. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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六种杀虫剂在保护地黄瓜冠层的沉积分布及其对蚜虫防治效果的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确不同药剂在保护地黄瓜上的沉积分布及其对蚜虫防治效果的影响,利用农药雾滴采集装置收集农药雾滴,以诱惑红为示踪剂测定农药沉积量,通过DepositScan软件测定雾滴覆盖率,分析药剂在黄瓜冠层的沉积分布与其对蚜虫防效的关系。结果表明:阿维菌素、螺虫乙酯、吡虫啉、吡丙醚、噻虫嗪和啶虫脒6种药剂的沉积量与雾滴覆盖率之间均无显著差异,分布趋势均表现为顶部>中部>底部;药后1 d和3 d,不同药剂对同一冠层部位以及同一药剂对不同冠层部位黄瓜蚜虫的校正防效之间均无显著差异,且防效均达65%以上。背负式手动喷雾器按田间推荐剂量喷雾防治黄瓜蚜虫时,喷雾雾滴主要沉积在黄瓜冠层顶部,沉积量占到总沉积量的1/3以上,在冠层中部和底部的沉积量相对较少,但沉积到冠层中部和底部的农药剂量仍能发挥良好的防治效果。该研究结果可为合理使用农药防治黄瓜蚜虫提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Susceptibility to spinosad (Success®/Tracer®) of beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) from the southern USA and Southeast Asia was determined through exposure of second‐ and third‐instar larvae to dipped cotton leaves. LC50 estimates of susceptibility of second‐ and third‐instar larvae of field populations ranged from 0.279 to 6.14 and 0.589 to 14.0 mg spinosad litre−1, respectively. A Thailand population was 22‐ and 24‐fold less susceptible than the six other US field populations evaluated, and 85‐ and 58‐fold less susceptible than a reference laboratory population, respectively. From these results, we initiated experiments to test the hypothesis that the Thailand population was resistant to spinosad. F1 crosses between the resistant Thailand population and a susceptible reference strain yielded individuals that were 22‐fold less sensitive to spinosad than the susceptible parent. This same resistant strain exhibited significantly greater survivorship on plants treated with spinosad in the field. Lastly, selection of an Arizona population resulted in a significant reduction in susceptibility to spinosad, further substantiating the hypothesis of a genetic basis for resistance to spinosad. These findings indicate a vulnerability of this new insecticide to resistance development in beet armyworm and should serve as a warning against excessive use of it. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献