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人工合成六倍体小麦具有丰富的遗传多样性。为给小麦遗传改良提供具有重要利用价值的基因资源,对引自国际玉米与小麦改良中心（CYMMIT）的56份人工合成六倍体小麦材料的主要农艺性状和白粉病田间抗性进行了检测和分析,对其高分子量谷蛋白亚基构成及基因组遗传多样性进行了初步研究。结果表明,供试材料具有繁茂性好、分蘖力强、成穗率高、穗粒数多等优良农艺性状特点,其中,Syn1、Syn2、Syn56等材料的单株成穗数在10穗以上,Syn46的单株穗数平均达到45.4穗;Syn19、Syn30等的穗粒数平均达到50粒以上;Syn52、Syn50、Syn54等材料的千粒重较高,达50~60 g。白粉病抗性鉴定结果显示,Syn4、Syn23、Syn24等80%以上的供试材料对白粉病具有良好的田间抗性。编码高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的Glu-A1、Glu-B1和Glu-D1位点表现出丰富的多态性,共有35种HMW-GS等位变异;除含有多种优质亚基或亚基组合外,还含有新的亚基类型。利用SSR分子标记对供试人工合成小麦进行遗传多样性分析,发现相较于本地栽培品种,供试人工合成小麦材料具有更高的遗传多样性。 相似文献
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黄淮麦区小麦品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
对黄淮麦区育成推广品种(59个)、2003～2004年度国家黄淮南片和江苏省区试参试品种(42个)、徐州农科所育成的高代品系以及一些育种亲本材料,共计309个品种(材料)的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成进行了分析.结果共发现了32个亚基组成类型和16个等位基因变异.在Glu-A1位点发现了Glu-A1a、Glu-A1b、Glu-A1c 3个等位基因;在Glu-B1位点发现了Glu-B1a、Glu-B1b、Glu-B1c、Glu-B1d、Glu-B1e、Glu-B1f、Glu-B1g、Glu-B1h、Glu-B1i、Glu-B1k共10个等位基因;在Glu-D1位点发现了Glu-D1a、Glu-D1b、Glu-D1d 3个等位基因.以Glu-B1位点的变异最为丰富.在这3个位点上分别以等位基因Glu-A1c(null)、Glu-B1b(7 8)和Glu-D1a(2 12)为主,其出现频率分别为58.58%、58.90%和77.99%.高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成以(null,7 8,2 12)和(1,7 8,2 12)为主,分别占所有品种的32.69%和16.18%.在育成推广品种和参试品种中,等位基因变异均为11个;而亚基组成类型则分别为16个和13个.优质高分子量谷蛋白亚基5 10在所有材料、59个已审定推广品种和42个参试品种中的出现频率分别为20.4%、27.1%%和21.4%,频率均较低.这表明新近育成的品种在优质亚基的构成上并未取得较大进展,优质强筋小麦的品质育种还有较大的发展空间.试验结果也表明,黄淮冬麦区小麦品种的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成类型和等位基因变异较为丰富,但其变异分布很不均匀,存在明显的优势亚基和组成类型. 相似文献
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小麦 中间偃麦草渗入系的HMW GS组成及等位变异分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了给小麦品质育种提供有益材料和信息,利用SDS-PAGE技术对311份新育成的源于偃麦草的高代渗入系的HMW-GS组成进行了分析。结果表明,在参试材料中共检测到16种不同的亚基类型:在Glu-A1位点有Null、2*和1亚基等3个等位变异类型,以优质亚基1和2*为主要类型,占测试材料的71.1%;Glu-B1位点有7、7+8、7+9、6+8、13+16、13+19、14+15、17+18等8个等位变异类型,以17+18为主要类型,其次为7。优质亚基13+16、14+15和17+18的出现频率共计53.4%;Glu-D1位点有2+12、5+10、2+10、2+12、5+12亚基5个等位变异类型,以2+12为主要类型,占53.7%,其次为5+10,占38.9%。同时发现共有32种亚基组合,以"2*、17+18、2+12"的出现频率最高,为13.2%;其次为"1、17+18、5+10",占10.6%。品质得分为8～10分的材料有164份,占52.73%。由此可见,在这些小麦-中间偃麦草高代渗入系中存在丰富的高分子量谷蛋白亚基变异,可能对小麦品质改良具有重要的应用价值。 相似文献
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野生二粒小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基的多态性分析 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
采用十二烷基磺酸钠 -聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (SDS- PAGE)方法 ,对 172份来自以色列的野生二粒小麦的高分子量谷蛋白亚基 (HWM- GS)组成进行了鉴定和分析。结果发现 ,这 172份野生二粒小麦 1B染色体上的HMW- GS有 19种变异类型 ,比普通小麦 1B染色体上 HMW- GS的变异类型丰富得多 ,其中有 8种 (6 * 8* ,6 8* ,2 2 ,6 * 8,7* 9,7* 9* ,7* 8* ,7* 8)为普通小麦中不常见类型 ,各个亚基的分布频率不同 ,17 18亚基分布频率最高 (2 9.6 5 % ) ,并且存在 3种普通小麦中不存在的特殊亚基 (图 1中加 ?的类型 ) ;1A染色体上的 HMW- GS有4种变异类型 ,其中一个亚基 (自定义为 1* )以前未见报道。发现野生二粒小麦 HMW- GS组成中 Glu- B1位点的 17 18亚基和 Glu- A1位点的 1亚基出现频率比普通小麦中出现的频率高。这些试验数据可为野生二粒小麦上特异HMW- GS的进一步研究与利用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为了给新疆冬小麦品质改良筛选亲本材料,采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)方法对墨西哥国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)提供的186份普通冬小麦新品系的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成及分布特点进行了分析.结果表明,在参试材料中共检测到13种不同的亚基类型,其中,Glu- A1位点上有1、null和2* 共3个等位变异类型,以2*亚基为主要类型,占61.8%;Glu-B1位点上有7、6 8、7 8、7 9、17 18、13 16、6.1 22共7个等位变异类型和4个混合亚基类型,以7、6 8、7 8和7 9亚基为主,分别占17.7%、14.5%、24.2%和35.0%;Glu-D1位点上有5 10、2 12和4 12共3个等位变异类型,以2 12和5 10亚基为主,分别占46.8%和44.1%.共检测出39种亚基组合类型,无占明显优势的组合类型,相对而言,2*/7 9/5 10和2*/6 8/2 12两个组合类型的比例稍高一点(分别为12.4%和11.8%).研究还发现,来自同一组合的材料由于选择的微小差异会导致在谷蛋白亚基组成上表现出很大的差异,因此,在小麦品质育种和品质改良中不应简单地等同对待,而要作详细的生化和加工品质分析. 相似文献
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西藏小麦品种资源HMW-GS组成研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
为了给小麦品质改良提供基础材料,采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)方法,分析了西藏地方品种、西藏主要育成品种和近几年从国内外引进品种(系)等805份小麦的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HWM-GS)组成。结果表明,Glu-1位点共有24种等位基因,其中Glu-A1位点4种、Glu-B1位点10种、Glu-D1位点10种;亚基N、7 8和2 12在各自位点的频率最高,分别为66.70%、40.25%和59.88%;另外,在Glu-D1位点,还发现有了稀有亚基2.2 12,其频率为0.62%。引进品种的2^*、14 15、17 18和5 10等优质亚基出现的频率较西藏主要育成品种高,西藏主要育成品种中优质亚基5 10的频率仅为0.24%,西藏品种亚基组合类型主要为N,7 8,2 12。 相似文献
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为了寻找新的基因资源，为小麦品质改良提供基础材料，应用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)方法，对中国西部和北部地区123份圆锥小麦材料高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)的组成进行了分析，共检测到15种HMW—GS组合类型。14个等位变异中有5种类型即Glu-Al-Ⅰ、Glu-B1-Ⅰ、Glu-B1-Ⅱ、Glu-B1-Ⅲ、Glu-B1-Ⅳ在普通小麦中不常见。类似于17 18亚基组合的Glu-B1-Ⅲ分布频率高达到63．40％，亚基2^*出现的频率远远高于普通小麦，另外发现一份含有编码与小麦抗病性关系密切的21亚基的材料可应用于小麦抗病育种中。分析结果表明，圆锥小麦的HMW—GS共有丰富的多态性和亚基组合类型，优质亚基分布频率高，是小麦育种的宝贵基因资源。 相似文献
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为发掘优良的小麦种质资源,利用SDS-PAGE技术分析了50份哈萨克斯坦小麦种质高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成及其品质得分。结果表明,50份供试材料中共检测到8种亚基类型,其中在 Glu-A1位点有2种亚基类型（Null,1）, Glu-B1位点有2种亚基类型（7＋8,7＋9）,在 Glu-D1位点有4种亚基类型（5＋10, 2＋10,2＋12,4＋12）。利用PCR分子标记对所得到的高分子量谷蛋白亚基进行验证,结果一致。在50份哈萨克斯坦小麦中,优质亚基1、7＋8、5＋10的出现频率较高,分别为34%、22%、56%。亚基组合Null/7＋9/5＋10在所有亚基组合类型中出现频率最高,为28%,品质得分为7分,而组合1/7＋8/5＋10出现频率仅为8%,品质得分为10分;供试材料品质得分大多为7、8分,平均为7.10分。出现频率较高的优质亚基可以作为改善现有品种亚基组成状况的亲本材料。 相似文献
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21份印度小麦高分子谷蛋白亚基、醇溶蛋白及品质分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为挖掘优良的小麦种质资源,以引进的21份印度小麦种质为材料,利用SDS-PAGE和A-PAGE技术,分析了其高分子量谷蛋白亚基和醇溶蛋白组成。结果表明,在21份印度小麦材料中出现了12种HWM-GS亚基类型和14种亚基组合,其中有3种亚基类型(Null、1、2*)在Glu-A1位点,4种亚基类型(7+8,17+18,7,7+9,13+16)在Glu-B1位点,4种亚基类型(5+10,2+12,4+12,5+12)在Glu-D1位点。1、2+12优质亚基的比例相对较高,均为47.6%。小麦HWM-GS亚基组合1/7+9/2+12在所有亚基组合类型中出现频率高达19.0%。大多数材料的品质得分为7、8分,平均7.52分。共分离出32种迁移率不同的醇溶蛋白谱带,2和3号带出现频率最高,分别为95.24%和90.48%。DA 7200近红外分析仪初步分析结果表明,这21份印度小麦种质资源品质指标相对偏低。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献