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1.
不同类型冬小麦品种拔节后幼穗低温敏感期的鉴定 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
摘要：以百农矮抗58、豫麦49－198、豫农949和偃展4110这4个小麦品种为材料,利用人工气候室处理,研究了冬小麦拔节期幼穗抗霜冻力随幼穗分化进程的变化规律。在药隔期前后对4个品种进行了抗霜冻力鉴定,进而分析了不同品种、冬春性以及幼穗发育进程等对冬小麦抗霜冻力的影响。结果表明：4个品种中百农矮抗58抗冻能力较强,其他几个品种抗冻能力相对较弱。随幼穗发育进程的推进,幼穗抗霜冻力总体呈下降趋势, 从雌雄蕊末期发育进入药隔期,幼穗的抗霜冻力骤然下降,雌雄蕊分化期之前以及药隔期之后,抗霜力的下降趋势比较平缓,表明雌雄蕊至药隔期这个阶段是冬小麦幼穗分化的低温敏感期。品种的抗霜性研究适宜在该时期展开。 相似文献
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《中国农学通报》2010,(19)
以‘百农矮抗58’、‘豫麦49-198’、‘豫农949’和‘偃展4110’这4个小麦品种为材料做盆栽试验,利用人工气候室处理,研究了冬小麦拔节期幼穗抗霜冻力随幼穗分化进程的变化规律。在药隔期前后对4个品种进行了抗霜冻力鉴定,进而分析了不同品种、冬春性以及幼穗发育进程等对冬小麦抗霜冻力的影响。结果表明:4个品种中‘百农矮抗58’抗冻能力较强,其他几个品种抗冻能力相对较弱。随幼穗发育进程的推进,幼穗抗霜冻力总体呈下降趋势,从雌雄蕊末期发育进入药隔期,幼穗的抗霜冻力骤然下降,雌雄蕊分化期之前以及药隔期之后,抗霜力的下降趋势比较平缓,表明雌雄蕊至药隔期这个阶段是冬小麦幼穗分化的低温敏感期。品种的抗霜性研究适宜在该时期展开。 相似文献
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营养物质的含量及组成影响着小麦的穗分化进程。为分析可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白质对冬小麦穗分化过程的影响,以熟期不同的5个冬小麦品种（系）为材料,在穗分化过程进行取样,测定不同时期冬小麦植株叶片中可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白质含量。结果表明：可溶性总糖、蔗糖和果糖含量在抽穗期相对于伸长期明显降低;果糖含量在单棱期最高;药隔形成期可溶性蛋白质含量最高,随后降低。由此得出,穗分化过程需要进行可溶性糖的消耗以及可溶性蛋白质的先积累后消耗,穗分化时间的长短取决于抽穗期发生的早晚,药隔形成期蔗糖和果糖的比值越大,抽穗可能越早。 相似文献
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春季穗分化阶段低温处理对不同小麦品种幼穗结实性及生理特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究低温胁迫对不同抗倒春寒能力小麦品种幼穗结实性和生理特性的影响,分析抗倒春寒能力不同的小麦品种对低温胁迫的生理响应机制,为小麦抗倒春寒研究和品种改良提供理论参考。以2个小麦品种矮抗58(抗倒春寒)和郑麦366(不抗倒春寒)为材料,采用盆栽和人工模拟倒春寒处理的方法,分析研究了小麦雌雄蕊原基分化期、药隔分化期和四分体形成期0℃低温处理下小麦的结实特性和幼穗生理指标变化。结果表明,在雌雄蕊原基分化期、药隔分化期、四分体形成期进行低温处理,随处理时间的延长,2个参试品种的穗粒数均降低,但不同处理时间和品种间穗粒数降低幅度不同。雌雄蕊原基分化期低温胁迫处理24,48,72 h后,矮抗58穗粒数分别下降了6. 52%,14. 07%,22. 37%,郑麦366穗粒数下降了37. 14%,44. 43%,64. 71%;药隔分化期低温处理24,48,72 h后,矮抗58穗粒数分别下降了3. 74%,9. 05%,13. 71%,郑麦366穗粒数下降了27. 54%,37. 80%,48. 55%;四分体形成期低温处理24,48,72 h后,矮抗58穗粒数分别下降了2. 70%,4. 70%,4. 73%;郑麦366分别下降了12. 39%,29. 67%,32. 30%。随着低温处理时期的延迟,矮抗58、郑麦366的穗粒数降幅均表现下降的趋势。雌雄蕊原基分化期低温处理穗粒数下降最明显,说明雌雄蕊原基分化期对低温较敏感。矮抗58、郑麦366幼穗雌雄蕊原基分化期、药隔分化期低温处理72 h内,2个参试品种幼穗的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量总体上均呈先升高后缓慢降低的趋势。矮抗58的可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量及上升幅度均大于郑麦366。低温处理后,2个小麦品种幼穗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性升高且均高于对照,但随着低温处理时间的延长稍有下降,其中矮抗58幼穗中SOD、POD、CAT活性和上升幅度均高于郑麦366,并且丙二醛(MDA)含量的增幅小于郑麦366。相关分析结果表明,低温胁迫后,小麦穗粒数与SOD活性、POD活性分别呈显著、极显著正相关,与MDA含量呈极显著负相关。POD活性、SOD活性、MDA含量可作为小麦幼穗抗倒春寒特性的评价指标,小麦抗倒春寒的生理机制表现为多方面的综合防御。 相似文献
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为了探讨‘天达2116’对冬小麦膜稳定性的影响,通过室内栽培冬小麦幼苗,在人工气候箱内模拟低温(2℃)冷害条件,冷害前后对冬小麦叶片喷施‘天达2116’,采用紫外-可见分光光度法、NBT光还原法、硫代巴比妥酸比色法、Bradford法和蒽酮比色法分别测定冬小麦叶片叶绿素含量、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量,研究‘天达2116’对冬小麦抗低温冷害生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,‘天达2116’对低温冷害冬小麦叶片叶绿素含量和SOD活性的影响差异显著;低温冷害处理后冬小麦叶片MDA、可溶性糖含量增加,经‘天达2116’处理后可使两项指标均显著下降;随着冷害时间的延长,MDA、可溶性糖含量均呈现先下降后上升的趋势;低温冷害处理对冬小麦叶片可溶性蛋白含量影响较小。‘天达2116’对冬小麦叶片的生长状况起到积极的保护作用,能够提高冬小麦抗低温冷害的能力。 相似文献
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为比较玫瑰与黄刺玫自然越冬抗寒性响应机制,在植株越冬期间（2020年10月—2021年3月）,以玫瑰与黄刺玫的当年生枝条为试材,测定分析7个生理生化指标,对两者进行抗寒性分析比较,研究其抗寒生理机理。结果表明,在整个越冬期间,7个指标在玫瑰与黄刺玫枝条内变化趋势一致;丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖含量在玫瑰枝条内高于黄刺玫;玫瑰枝条的电导率变化幅度大于黄刺玫;含水量、可溶性蛋白含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性3个指标黄刺玫均高于玫瑰;黄刺玫枝条内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在抗冻阶段高于玫瑰。结合隶属函数综合评价,在自然越冬前期,玫瑰的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、SOD起主要抗冷作用,在整个越冬期间,玫瑰可溶性糖含量始终持续较高,起到保护作用;黄刺玫通过可溶性蛋白和SOD适应低温,在自然越冬后期,POD含量升高,SOD含量始终维持较高水平,共同在抗冻阶段起到保护作用。在玫瑰与黄刺玫自然越冬期间,黄刺玫的抗寒性强于玫瑰,黄刺玫通过POD、SOD抵御低温,玫瑰通过可溶性糖抵御低温。 相似文献
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X. Zhong X. Mei Y. Li H. Yoshida P. Zhao X. Wang L. Han X. Hu S. Huang J. Huang Z. Sun 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2008,194(5):343-349
During the jointing stage, the frost resistance of young ears (FRYE) was tested each day for the main stem, and also for the first, second and third tillers of the wheat cultivars Jinmai 47 and Jing 411. At the same time, the developmental progression of young ears (DPYE) of the same four shoots was also recorded each day. In the shoots of both cultivars, FRYE decreased as development advanced through the jointing stage. FRYE dropped off particularly sharply at the point when the anther connective tissue formation phase (ACFP) started. Shoots developing later, though with lower levels of soluble sugar, tended to suffer less from frost injury than those developing earlier. Frost resistance of 12 cultivars (six early- and six late-maturing) was evaluated at ACFP. The results indicate that only one cultivar (Xin 11) is frost resistant, with no significant differences appearing among the other 11 cultivars. The results suggest that DPYE is an important factor affecting FRYE. Evaluation of frost resistance of wheat cultivars should thus be performed at the same phase to obtain a true measure of frost resistance. The early ACFP phase is suggested as being the most appropriate one for frost resistance evaluation. 相似文献
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Relationship between cold resistance,heading traits and ear primordia development of wheat cultivars
Summary For breeding early heading wheat cultivars with resistance to frost damage which are well adapted to dry areas of West Asia and North Africa, the relationships between winter hardiness, ear primordia development and heading traits, i.e. veernalization requirement, photoperiodic response and narrow-sense earliness, were assessed using a total of 30 genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in an experiment in Syria. The results of artificial freezing tests indicated that cultivars with good winter hardiness were to be found only in the winter wheat cultivars which required 50 or more days of vernalization treatment. These winter wheat cultivars did not initiate internode elongation without vernalization even at 95 days after planting. Thus their ear primordia were still underground and were protected from frost injury at this stage. Photoperiodic response and narrow-sense earliness were not associated with winter hardiness and earliness of internode elongation, but were related to the number of days to heading after planting. This indicated the possibility for breeding early heading cultivars with winter hardiness and tiller frost avoidance by combining high vernalization requirement, short narrow-sense earliness and neutral response to photoperiod. 相似文献
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Cultivars of European winter oilseed rape cultivated in the second half of the 1970s and in the mid-1990s were screened for their winter hardiness, frost resistance and vernalization requirement. A strong correlation between winter hardiness and frost resistance in both groups of rape has been noticed. Among oilseed rapes cultivated in the late 1970s, low erucic acid and particularly double zero cultivars were less winter hard than high erucic acid cultivars. Double zero cultivars were characterized by lower frost resistance and lower vernalization requirement. A significant correlation between vernalization requirement and both frost resistance and field survival has also been shown. Frost resistance of the 1990s (double zero) cultivars was higher than that of double low cultivars from the late 1970s. Their vernalization requirement was still small and did not correlate with either frost resistance or winter hardiness. It was concluded that reduction in the content of glucosinolates in the 1970s involved decrease in winter hardiness and vernalization requirement of cultivars. During the following 20 years winter hardiness of double low cultivars has been improved, but vernalization requirements have not changed. As a result no correlation between winter hardiness and vernalization requirement in contemporary canola cultivars has been observed. 相似文献
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Summary The frost tolerance of winter wheat is one component of winter hardiness. If seedlings are frost resistant, it means that they can survive the frost effect without any considerable damage. To study the genetic control of frost tolerance, an artificial freezing test was used. Frost tolerance is controlled by an additive-dominance system. The results of diallel analyses indicate the importance of both additive and non-additive gene action in the inheritance of this character. The dominant genes act in the direction of lower frost tolerance and the recessive genes in the direction of a higher level of frost tolerance. The results of monosomic and substitution analyses show that at least 10 of the 21 pairs of chromosomes are involved in the control of frost tolerance and winter hardiness. Chromosomes 5A and 5D have been implicated most frequently. The geneFr1 (Frost 1) was located on the long arm of chromosome 5A. Crosses between cultivars, chromosome manipulation and the induction of somaclonal variation may be suitable methods for broadening the gene pool for frost tolerance. 相似文献
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In order to determine the effects of bunt inoculation on frost resistance and winter hardiness in lines containing resistance
genes, the bunt [Tilletia foetida (Wallroth) Liro, T. caries (DC.) Tulasne] susceptibility of wheat lines containing bunt resistance genesBt1 to Bt10 and the effect of the year on the degree of infection were studied over six years from 1991 to 1997 in an artificial inoculation
nursery. Uninoculated and artificially inoculated wheat plants were tested for frost resistance in the phytotron in 1995 and
in the field in boxes in three years from 1994/95 to 1996/97. The line withBt10 was very resistant, lines with Bt5, Bt6, Bt8 and Bt9 were resistant, the line with Bt4 was moderately resistant, those with Bt2 and Bt3 were moderately susceptible, the line with Bt1 was susceptible and the line with Bt7 was very susceptible to the local bunt population in Hungary. Bunt incidence also varied over years. The frost resistance
of the Bt lines was generally lower after bunt inoculation than that of uninoculated plants. The increased frost kill in inoculated
plants was not correlated with the extent of varietal susceptibility to bunt. Some lines with resistance, namely those with
Bt5 (1.6% infection), Bt8 (0.6%) and Bt10 (0.0%), suffered significantly greater frost kill in the young plant stage as the result of bunt inoculation. By contrast,
the Bt7line had excellent frost resistance and winter hardiness but suffered the greatest extent of bunt infection, whereas the Bt6 line had good frost resistance and good bunt resistance.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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黄淮平原冬小麦霜冻害时空分布特点的研究 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
黄淮平原是中国小麦的主产区,而该区又是中国遭受霜冻害最严重的地区之一。霜冻害造成该区小麦产量减少,影响着中国的粮食安全问题,通过研究霜冻害在黄淮平原的时空分布特点,为小麦的种植提供科学的决策依据。选取小麦拔节期后日最低温度及距拔节期天数为指标,构造霜冻害灾度函数,利用该函数得到各个地区的冬小麦霜冻害灾度值,根据灾度值进行霜冻害的等级划分,计算各级霜冻害的发生频率,运用GIS得到霜冻害的时空分布特征。研究结果表明：在时间上,各级霜冻害的发生频率随年代呈减少趋势,轻霜冻害发生最为频繁,在各个年代频率值都在15%左右,重霜冻害次之发生频率约为6%左右,中霜冻害最轻;在空间上,该区的霜冻害多发地区以河南省和山东省霜冻害发生最为频繁且受灾较严重,其发生频率可达30%以上,最高可达70%。总体上北部地区霜冻害的发生频率高于南部地区。通过对冬小麦霜冻害时空分布特点的分析,为该区冬小麦霜冻害的防灾减灾以及冬小麦品种的选择提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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The effect of prehardening (early stage of growth at moderate low temperatures (+12°C) during the day) on the reliability of frost resistance estimation in a controlled environment has been studied on three winter oilseed rape cultivars differing markedly in their field survival rate (Leo, Górczański and Idol). It has been also examined the relationship between the photosynthetic activity during the first stage of cold acclimation and the level of frost resistance observed in investigated cultivars. Presented results demonstrated that prehardening, which increases to a significant degree the effectiveness of the cold acclimation process, also increases the differences in cold hardiness between cultivars, and limits the magnitude of experimental errors made during frost resistance estimation under controlled conditions. In all studied cultivars, prehardening increases significantly the photosynthetic activity during cold acclimation. On the other hand, both in the prehardened and in the non-prehardened plants, no relation has been found between either gas exchange rates or chlorophyll 'a' fluorescence characteristics at low temperatures and cultivar ability for acclimation. Neither the existing differences in photosynthetic activity, nor the degree of photosynthetic apparatus acclimation to cold, which occurs during prehardening, are the factors responsible for the frost resistance variation observed between studied cultivars. 相似文献
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Fnlvia Rizza Cristina Crosatti Antonio Michele Stanca Luigi Cattivelli 《Euphytica》1994,75(1-2):131-138
Summary Frost tolerance of 30 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars have been field evaluated in North Italy during the 1990/1991 winter season that was characterized by exceptionally low temperatures without snow cover. The results showed a significant correlation between cold injury and grain yield loss (r=0.61**). Five cultivars chosen for their varying degree of frost tolerance were further evaluated using laboratory tests. Measurements of survival rate and membrane damage were used to assess the influence of hardening on frost resistance. The reliability of the tests is shown by the high correlation to the field data. For both the laboratory temperature regimes and field conditions, the tested cultivars showed the same order of classification. The effect of a rise in temperature at the end of the hardening treatment on frost tolerance is also reported. The laboratory tests here proposed can be integrated in a breeding programme for improving frost tolerance in barley. 相似文献
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The freezing characteristics of wheat at ear emergence 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Michael P. Fuller Andrew M. Fuller Spyridon Kaniouras Jack Christophers Troy Fredericks 《European Journal of Agronomy》2007,26(4):435-441
Wheat is occasionally exposed to freezing temperatures during ear emergence and can suffer severe frost damage. Few studies have attempted to understand the characteristics of freezing and frost damage to wheat during late development stages.
It was clearly shown that wheat appears to have an inherent frost resistance to temperatures down to −5 °C but is extensively damaged below this temperature. Acclimation, whilst increasing the frost resistance of winter wheat in a vegetative state was incapable of increasing frost resistance of plants at ear emergence. It is proposed that the ability to upregulate frost resistance is lost once vernalisation requirement is fulfilled.
Culms and ears of wheat were able to escape frost damage at temperatures below −5 °C by supercooling even to as low as −15 °C and evidence collected by infrared thermography suggested that individual culms on a plant froze as independent units during freezing with little or no cross ice-nucleation strategies to protect wheat from frost damage in the field appear to revolve around avoiding ice nucleation. 相似文献