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1.
通过对太岳灵空山四种主要森林类型：油松纯林、辽东栎林、松栎混交林、油桦栎混交林的枯落物生物量及其持水性能的调查分析，总结出不同森林类型的生物量、最大持水量、分解率的大小排序。为研究森林的水土保持、水源涵养功能以及进一步综合评价该区的森林生态功能提供了科学依据。 相似文献
2.
太行山低质低效林改造后的水文效益 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在示范林内选取了几种有代表性的森林植被类型,即分别代表太行山的主要乡土树种油松、辽东栎,及经改造形成的主要混交林类型松栎混交林和油落桦混交林。用标准木法和样方法分别测定了林分单位面积各森林植被层的生物量及总生物量,用浸水法测定了各森林植被层的日最大持水量。观测了油松示范林林冠截留降雨能力。 相似文献
3.
《绿色科技》2016,(10)
为合理调整自然保护区内森林结构布局,充分发挥森林的水源涵养功能,对7种不同森林群落类型下的枯落物进行了储量、持水量及吸水速率的测定。结果表明:各森林群落类型枯落物储量排序为针阔混交林篦子三尖杉林人工杉木林阔叶林红豆杉林竹林灌木林;各森林群落类型枯落物最大持水量排序为:阔叶林针阔混交林竹林红豆杉林人工杉木林灌木林篦子三尖杉林;各森林群落类型枯落物在持水作用较强的前2h内,总吸水速率大小结果为阔叶林针阔混交林人工杉木林红豆杉林灌木林竹林篦子三尖杉林。0~2h各林分林下地表枯落物层持水量几乎呈直线上升,2h后吸水速率上升速度逐渐变缓并趋于最大值;0~2h各林分林下地表枯落物层吸水速率几乎都呈直线下降,2h后吸水速率下降速度逐渐变缓并趋于动态平衡。综合分析了7种不同森林群落类型下枯落物的水源涵养功能得出优势群落为针阔混交林和阔叶林,劣势群落为灌木林。 相似文献
4.
浙江省江山市不同森林类型枯落物持水性能 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《浙江林业科技》2019,(6)
2017年10月,选取浙江省江山市典型地段的阔叶林、毛竹Phyllostachys edulis林、杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata林、马尾松Pinus massoniana林、针阔混交林、灌木林设立标准样地,研究不同森林类型枯落物持水性能。结果表明,6种不同森林类型枯落物储量为7.86～25.64 t·hm~(-2),由大到小依次为针阔混交林阔叶林马尾松林杉木林毛竹林灌木林,且枯落物厚度和储量大小排序一致;最大持水量变化在11.19～33.42 t·hm~(-2),有效拦蓄率范围为87.37%～126.41%,有效拦蓄量由大到小依次为针阔混交林阔叶林杉木林马尾松林毛竹林灌木林,含阔叶树种的森林枯落物的持水能力优于针叶林;枯落物持水量与浸泡时间呈对数函数关系,吸水速率与浸泡时间呈幂函数关系。 相似文献
5.
本文对贵州梵净山自然保护区内6种不同植被类型枯落物的储量、枯落物吸水速率和持水能力进行了分析,发现不同植被类型在枯落物储量、持水量、持水率和吸持水速率上有差异:马尾松栲树混交林和亮叶水青冈八角阔叶林的枯落物储量大于其它几种森林类型,丝栗栲纯林的枯落物储量最小;马尾松栲树混交林和栲树纯林的持水率明显低于其它几种植被类型的持水率,在吸水速率上也慢于其它几种植被类型;润楠属植物为主的枯落物持水率明显高于其它几种常绿落叶阔叶林,吸水速率也明显快于其它几种常绿落叶阔叶林。 相似文献
6.
天目山主峰海拔高逾1500m，由山麓到山顶形成四个森林植被垂直带谱，包括七个森林类型，即常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、落叶阔叶林、山顶灌丛－矮林、针叶林、针阔混交林和竹林。调查研究表明，各类型森林枯落物（层 ）的现存量，组成成分、持水率、持水量等均不相同，森林土壤（矿质层）的主要物理性质因森林类型而不同，并均随着土壤的深度呈某种规律性变异。森林土壤的持水量主要受土壤孔隙度的影响。在天目山地区，森林土壤的持水量较非林地土壤（荒草地）为高；落叶阔叶林类型的土壤持水量，常较针叶林类型为高。 相似文献
7.
千岛湖地区不同森林类型枯落物水文功能研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过对千岛湖库区富溪林场针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林、毛竹林、灌木林、新造林、马尾松林、杉木林7种林分林下枯落物层的厚度、储量及其持水特性的研究,揭示了该区不同森林类型林下枯落物层的水文生态功能。在实验室进行持水试验得出各种林分最大含水量大小顺序是：灌木林〉阔叶林〉混交林〉新造林〉杉木林〉毛竹〉马尾松;前30min内林地枯落物持水作用最强,其吸水速率顺序为：混交林〉毛竹林〉灌木林〉阔叶林〉杉木林〉新造林〉马尾松林;各林分枯落物有效拦蓄量大小顺序为：混交林〉阔叶林〉杉木林〉灌木林〉毛竹林〉新造林〉马尾松林;从水文效应各项指标来比较,阔叶林水文生态效应最好,马尾松林最差。 相似文献
8.
滦河上游水源涵养林枯落物层水文效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨森林枯落物水文过程及规律,对滦河上游3种不同类型林分枯落物及其结构进行了调查,并对其水文效应进行了探讨。结果表明:1油松纯林的枯落物生物量为12.03t/hm2,最大持水量为19.4t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为23.52t/hm2;落叶松纯林的枯落物生物量为9.51t/hm2,最大持水量为11.9t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为17.03t/hm2;落叶松白桦混交林的枯落物生物量为5.54t/hm2,最大持水量为13.0t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为13.7t/hm2。2半分解层枯落物浸泡8h已基本达到饱和,而未分解层需浸泡10h,持水量与浸泡时间的关系式为Q=alnt+b;枯落物在浸水的前0.5h内吸水速率最大,4h左右时吸水速率明显减缓。 相似文献
9.
《广西林业科学》2015,(4)
为了研究珠江流域都安地区森林水源涵养功能,采用野外观察与室内实验相结合的方法,分别对该区域具有代表性的5种典型森林类型,从灌草、枯落物、土壤3个层次水源涵养功能进行了定量分析。结果表明:广西都安地区5种森林类型林地灌草持水量与其生物量呈正相关关系,土壤A层(0~15 cm)非毛管孔隙度为1.38%~6.56%,土壤毛管孔隙度为39.32%~59.73%,林下最大持水量为1 296.29~1 752.52 t/hm2。总体而言,土壤A层毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、毛管持水量均大于B层(15~30 cm),土壤密度则B层大于A层,土壤持水深度及总持水量均为A层大于B层。除青冈林外,林下水源含蓄能力大小顺序为马尾松+荷木混交林任豆林桉树林马尾松林。该地区土壤对森林水源涵养的调蓄能力占林下调蓄能力的99%以上。 相似文献
10.
对宽甸地区几种主要林分类型枯落物及其土壤蓄水功能进行了研究,结果表明:各类型林分枯落物现存量依次为人工纯林针阔混交林,枯落物持水率为针阔混交林人工纯林;林分的土壤渗透能力和蓄水能力均为混交林人工纯林。 相似文献
11.
长江上游绵阳官司河流域低山丘陵区不同植被类型生物多样性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文用多样性指数（Shannon—Wiener指数、Simpson指数）、均度指数（Pielou指数）、丰富度指数（Margalef指数、Menhinick指数）对绵阳官司河流域5种不同的人工林进行生物多样性分析,结果表明：经过植被恢复,各林分类型生物多样性都有所提高,同时水土保持效益也明显提高,土壤侵蚀量减少了42％;在5种植被类型中,乔木层中以针阔混交林的生物多样性最高,灌木层以松柏混交林和麻栎林的生物多样性最高,草本层以松柏混交林的生物多样性最高;5种植被类型中,灌木层地上部分生物量以针阔混交林最大为1849．37kg·hm^-2,马尾松纯林最小为747．37kg·hm^-2,其大小顺序为：针阔混交林〉柏木纯林〉栎类林〉松柏混交林〉马尾松纯林;草本层植物地上部分部总生物量大小顺序为：松柏混交林〉柏木纯林〉栎类林〉针阔混交林〉马尾松纯林。 相似文献
12.
XIAO Jianmin WU Zhiping . Research Institute of Forestry Policy Information Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing P. R. China . Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing P. R. China 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2007,6(1):57-61
This study provides basis information for estimating the feasibility of the environmental and ecological forestry construction project in the area. Through the survey in Miyun watershed, the economical benefits of carbon sequestration in five typical forest types have been studied by calculating the biomass from the timber accumulation data and converting to the money value. The results show that： in the duration of 100 years, at a discount rate of 5%, and 197 RMB yuan/t as the price of the carbon sequestration, the present value （PV） of the carbon sequestration in different forests are： 6900-9300 yuan/ha in Chinese pine forest,6100-8200 yuan/ha in oak forest, 4500-6100 yuan/ha in other broadleaf forests, 2300-3200 yuan/ha in shrubs and 1300-1800 yuan/ha in cypress forest. The annual mean economic benefit of carbon sequestration is 770-1040 yuan/ha. The pine forest has the highest carbon sequestration benefit, followed by oak forest, other broadleaf forest, shrubs, and cypress forest. If the land is suitable for all forests, pine forest and oak forest should be planted in order to sequestrate more carbon. 相似文献
13.
ThereisatractofsecondaryforestsinnatUfKoreanghn(Pinuskorniensis)forestndon-FenlinNatUrReserveswithanareaofl8l65.4hIn,locatedinthesouthslopeofXiaOking'anlingMountain.ThisresearchwascAnedoutonthesuccessionofhosstandNATURAL0unS0FwiSTANDSInl93l,therewasawildfireinthevir-ginKoreanPineforests,whichstretchedfromShanggedingalongTangwangffivertonorth-eastuntilstandNo.32OfFenglinNatureRe-serves.Thefiredareawasabout2,44Ohm2.TOdate,thestandsisbroadleavedmixedfOr-estsdOndnatedbywhitebirch(… 相似文献
14.
松栎混交林的形成及其生态功能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
确立了油松、辽东栎混交的三种优化模式，对松栎混交林的生态防护功能作了详细分析，充分证明了松、栎混交林结构的稳定性及其巨大的生态防护效益。该文还就大力发展松栎混交林提出合理化建议。 相似文献
15.
Santiago Garcia Deborah M. Finch Gilberto Chvez Len 《Forest Ecology and Management》1998,110(1-3):151-171
We compared breeding avian communities among 11 habitat types in north-central Michoacán, Mexico, to determine patterns of forest use by endemic and nonendemic resident species. Point counts of birds and vegetation measurements were conducted at 124 sampling localities from May through July, in 1994 and 1995. Six native forest types sampled were pine, pine–oak, oak–pine, oak, fir, and cloud forests; three habitat types were plantations of Eucalyptus, pine, and mixed species; and the remaining two habitats were shrublands and pastures. Pastures had lower bird-species richness and abundance than pine, oak–pine, and mixed-species plantations. Pine forests had greater bird abundance and species richness than oak forests and shrublands. Species richness and abundance of endemics were greatest in fir forests, followed by cloud forests. Bird abundance and richness significantly increased with greater tree-layer complexity, although sites with intermediate tree complexity also supported high abundances. When detrended correspondence-analysis scores were plotted for each site, bird species composition did not differ substantially among the four native oak-and-pine forest types, but cloud and fir forests, Eucalyptus plantations, and mixed-species plantations formed relatively distinct groups. Plantations supported a mixture of species found in native forests, shrublands, and pastures. Pastures and shrublands shared many species in common, varied greatly among sites in bird-species composition, and contained more species specific to these habitats than did forest types. 相似文献
16.
对塞罕坝机械林场8个林分类型108个林班的地表森林可燃物组成、载量、含水率等进行了调查。结果表明落叶松成林和幼林、樟子松成林和幼林、针叶混交林、桦次生林等林分地表可燃物以枯落物为主,栎次生林和灌木林地表可燃物由枯落物与灌木组成,未成林地与草地可燃物以草本植物为主;地表可燃物载量依次为落叶松成林〉落叶松幼林〉针叶混交林〉樟子松成林〉樟子松未成林〉针阔混交林〉桦次生林〉樟子松幼林〉落叶松未成林〉灌木林〉栎次生林〉草地;草地与栎次生林的含水率最低,着火点也最低,火险危险程度最高;将现有林分按燃烧类型划分为5个类型20个亚类,全场地表可燃物总载量约为2．5×10^6t。 相似文献
17.
Large scale harvest of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis) seeds as a food product in the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest of northeastern China poses a serious threat to the sustainability and restoration of this endangered regional ecosystem.Seed collection over past decades greatly reduced the seed bank and subsequent seedling and sapling recruitment,and impacting a wide array of granivorous animals that rely on the pine seeds.We surveyed Korean pine seeds,including solid seeds(SS),insect consumed seeds(ICS) and other(animal) consumed(OCS) kernels,of the seed bank(forest floor and the top 10 cm of mineral soil),the seedlings and saplings from 1 m 2 sample plots in five forest types in Liangshui Nature Reserve(LNR) of the southern Xiao Xing’an Mountains in northeastern China to provide accurate information for assessing the Korean pine regeneration potential.The average number of pine seeds in the seed bank were 11.2 seeds/m 2,9.1 seeds/m 2,4.6 seeds/m 2,1.1 seeds/m 2,and 0.2 seeds/m 2 in Korean pine-basswood forest,mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest,mixed conifer-hardwood forest,white birch forests,and oak forests,respectively.In the first three forest types,percentages of SS(potentially viable seeds) were 11.2%,3.5% and 27.8%,respectively.The percentages of ICS(not viable seeds) were consistent at around 35%.The higher but variable percentages of OCS(not viable seeds) indicated high seed predation in these forests.Compared with other studies,we recorded higher percentages of seed damage,probably due to our survey approach and the increased depth of seed bank sampled in our study.Depletion of pine seeds in the seed bank greatly reduced seedling and sapling recruitment.Densities of pine seedlings varied from about 180 trees/ha in the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest to about 5,400 trees/ha in the mixed conifer-hardwood forests and showed a high degree of spatial variation.Saplings were rare in the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest,but ranged in the thousands in other forests.Large scale pine seed harvest has seriously threatened the sustainability of the mixed Korean pine-hardwood forest ecosystem.Scaling down the seed harvest or supplemental planting of pine saplings are urgently needed to maintain the health of the existing Korean pine forests and to restore this endangered ecosystem. 相似文献
18.
Variation of stem density and vegetation carbon pool in subtropical forests of Northwestern Himalaya
The present study was conducted in five forest types of subtropical zone in the Northwestern Himalaya, India. Three forest stands of 0.1 ha were laid down in each forest type to study the variation in vegetation carbon pool, stem density, and ecosystem carbon density. The stem density in the present study ranged from (483 to 417 trees ha?1) and stem biomass from (262.40 to 39.97 tha?1). Highest carbon storage (209.95 t ha?1) was recorded in dry Shiwalik sal forest followed by Himalayan chir forest > chir pine plantation > lower Shiwalik pine forest > northern mixed dry deciduous forest. Maximum tree above ground biomass is observed in dry Shiwalik sal forests (301.78 t ha?1), followed by upper Himalayan chir pine forests (194 t ha?1) and lower in Shiwalik pine forests (138.73 t ha?1). The relationship with stem volume showed the maximum adjusted r2 (0.873), followed by total density (0.55) and average DBH (0.528). The regression equation of different parameters with shrub biomass showed highest r2 (0.812) and relationship between ecosystem carbon with other parameters of different forest types, where cubic function with stem volume showed highest r2 value of 0.873 through cubic functions. Our results suggest that biomass and carbon stocks in these subtropical forests vary greatly with forest type and species density. This variation among forests can be used as a tool for carbon credit claims under ongoing international conventions and protocols. 相似文献
19.
采用野外实地观测与室内浸水法,对丹江口湖北库区龙口林场5种类型马尾松林分枯落物蓄水、土壤理化性质和蓄水能力、地表径流和土壤侵蚀等水文效应进行了研究。结果表明：①不同类型马尾松林枯落物层最大持水量间存在显著差异,变化范围在45．83-93．32t·hm^-2,为松柏混交林〉针阔混交林〉低密度马尾松林〉中密度马尾松林〉高密度马尾松林。有效拦蓄量变化范围在29．83-41．79t·hm^-2,为中密度马尾松林〉松柏混交林〉针阔混交林〉低密度马尾松林〉高密度马尾松林。②随着土壤深度的增加,土壤容重呈增加的趋势,而总孔隙度呈逐渐递减的趋势。不同类型马尾松土壤贮水能力差异明显,表现为针阔混交林〉低密度马尾松林〉中密度马尾松林〉松柏混交林〉高密度马尾松林,针阔混交林约是高密度马尾松林的1．25倍。③不同森林类型地表径流量在14．68-29．56m^3·hm^-2之间,土壤侵蚀量在2．01～4．15m3·hm^-2之间,且均以栎类次生林最优,松柏混交林次之,马尾松纯林最低。总体而言,综合利用抚育择伐和人工诱导自然更新的方法,人工诱导马尾松纯林逐步向针阔混交林发育,可更有效提高水土保持功能。 相似文献