共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
立枯丝核菌毒素的产生及与致病力的关系 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)培养滤液经活性炭吸附、甲醇洗脱、旋转蒸发浓缩获得粗毒素。生物活性测定表明：该粗毒素能诱发水稻叶片产生似纹枯病的典型症状，明显抑制水稻胚根生长，致使水稻幼苗萎蔫；粗毒素浓度越高，作用越强，当稀释至200倍时仍具有一定生物活性；不同菌株产毒能力差异明显，且与致病力呈显著正相关。这些结果显示毒素在病菌致病过程中起重要作用。病菌最佳产毒条件为：菌丝在改良Richard培养液(pH7)中，25～30℃下黑暗培养15-20d，每隔6或12h人工振荡1次。水稻不同抗(特青和J-85)、感(LMNT)品种的胚根和幼苗对粗毒素的敏感性有较大差异，预示毒素可用于水稻品种抗纹枯病的初步鉴定。 相似文献
2.
以水稻成熟胚培养产生的愈伤组织和悬浮细胞为筛选材料,以广东省水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solaniKühn强致病力菌株GD-11和GD-118产生的粗毒素为选择压力,从水稻品种的选择、粗毒素致病力的鉴定、突变体的筛选方法、突变体的再生以及突变体再生植株对粗毒素的抗病性鉴定等方面展开研究,建立了水稻抗纹枯病突变体的筛选体系并获得了抗病突变体.筛选体系为:两步筛选法,即以粤香占的愈伤组织和悬浮细胞为筛选材料,以φ(粗毒素)为3.5%和4.0%分别作为第1、2步的处理浓度,每一步处理的时间为20 d;筛选出的突变体再生苗的病情指数为37.55,而原始型再生苗的病情指数为87.50,抗病效果达57.08%. 相似文献
3.
甘蓝种传尖孢镰刀菌粗毒素的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为研究甘蓝感病(北农早生)和抗病(珍奇)品种种传尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium-CG和Fusarium-HM的培养滤液和粗毒素对种子发芽的影响,采用乙酸乙酯和乙醚萃取法提取粗毒素中的镰刀菌酸并利用HPLC法进行定量分析,利用粗毒素浸渍甘蓝幼苗根部测定其对幼苗的致枯萎作用.结果表明:Fusarium-CG和Fusarium-HM的培养滤液和粗毒素对种予的发芽具有明显的抑制作用;粗毒素浸溃甘蓝幼苗根部能够引起幼苗枯萎;其粗毒素中镰刀菌酸质量浓度分别为552和105/μg/mL,并且粗毒素对甘蓝的致害作用随着镰刀7菌酸含量的升高和处理时间的延长而加重,当用镰刀菌酸质量浓度为25 μg/mL的粗毒素处理甘蓝幼苗24 h后,幼苗病情指数在2.6～15.9之问,而用镰刀菌酸质量浓度为100μg/mL的粗毒素处理甘蓝幼苗96 h后,幼苗病情指数在78.o～97.8之间.浸溃24 h时粗毒-t对感病品种的致萎作用强于抗病品种,当用镰刀菌酸质量浓度为25μg/mL 的 Fusarium-CG和Fusarium-HM的粗毒素处理甘蓝幼苗24h后,抗病(珍奇)品种的病情指数分别为2.6和4.2,而感病(北农早生)品种的病情指数分别为15.2和15.9. 相似文献
4.
为检测黄瓜种传镰刀菌产生的粗毒素中镰刀菌酸含量及其对种子和幼苗的致害作用,采用乙酸乙酯和乙醚萃取法提取其中的镰刀菌酸并利用HPLC法进行定量分析,通过粗毒素处理黄瓜种子及幼苗根部测定其对种子发芽的影响和幼苗的致枯萎作用.结果表明:供试7株种传镰刀菌SC-CQ-P、HLJ-XC-S、LN-ZN203-S、GD-HY-S、HN-XH-S、LN-ZN6-S和HDTS-R粗毒素中都检测到镰刀菌酸,质量浓度分别为3574.71、866.43、291.10、123.32、856.13、358.27和327.71 μg/mL.种传镰刀菌粗毒素对黄瓜种子发芽具有一定的抑制作用;粗毒素浸渍黄瓜幼苗根部导致幼苗枯萎,并且其对幼苗的致枯萎作用随着镰刀菌酸浓度的升高和处理时间的延长而加重. 相似文献
5.
水稻纹枯病菌毒素的初步研究 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
水稻纹枯病菌（Rhizoctonia solani)在改良的Richard培养基中培养能够产生毒素，培养滤液经离心，灭菌，活性炭粒吸附层析，甲醇洗脱获得粗提纯毒素结晶，生活活性测定表明：该粗毒素对水稻胚根，胚芽有明显的抑制作用，对水稻4叶期幼苗有致萎作用;用电导法测定，10^4ppm的粗毒素引进细胞膜的损伤率达60％左右，该毒素活性比较稳定，经1[^5Pa高压（121度）处理15分钟仍不失其活性，用毒素接种寄主要现出与病原菌侵染类似的症状。 相似文献
6.
用稻瘟病菌产生的粗毒素处理不同生育期的水稻,研究水稻品种间对稻瘟病菌毒素的抗性差异的结果表明:用粗毒素浸泡处理发芽后的稻种,不同品种(系)的根、芽生长受抑制程度无显著差异。而稻种根、芽受毒素抑制的程度与处理时间、毒素浓度成正比.不同品种(系)的稻苗心叶与稻穗部对稻瘟病菌粗毒素的抗性与其对产毒菌株的抗性反应基本一致.抗产毒菌株的品种(系)受毒素的毒害较轻,感产毒菌株的品种(系)受毒素的毒害较重.分别用同一菌株的稻瘟病菌孢子悬浮液及其产生的粗毒素测定,以粗毒素作选择压力所得水稻突变体后代与其亲本的抗性存在差异,其苗叶或稻穗对粗毒素及产毒菌株的抗性明显比其亲本强. 相似文献
7.
对离体筛选的水稻抗纹枯病突变体(突变型)和未经筛选的原品种(原始型)的愈伤组织经水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani粗毒素处理后24 h内的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性以及木质素含量的变化进行了研究.结果表明:突变型的PAL、POD和PPO比活性以及木质素含量均明显高于原始型;8 h时,PAL、POD、PPO比活性和木质素含量(D280 nm)在突变型和原始型中分别为5.493 1,0.022 0、24.896 6、2.924 2 U.mg-1.m in-1和2.716 5、0.009 9、18.838 7、1.732 1;上述3种酶活性在突变型中出现波峰的时间一般在8 h,早于原始型的12 h或更迟.由此说明离体筛选的水稻抗纹枯病突变体的抗病机制与一般抗性品种类似. 相似文献
8.
为探明防御酶系在水稻纹枯病菌多核菌株(Rhizoctonia solani)和双核菌株(Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae)与水稻互作过程中的寄主抗性响应差异,选取多核菌株(LND06)和双核菌株(JLS10)进行粗毒素提取,用菌株及毒素分别接种相对抗病水稻品种港源8号和相对感病水稻品种秋田小町,测定接种后7种防御酶活性及ASAFR和H2O2含量的动态变化。结果表明:港源8号和秋田小町接种多核与双核菌株及其毒素后,体内POD、PAL、APX、PPO、CAT、T-SOD、GSH-PX活性及ASAFR和H_2O_2含量均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。较为感病的水稻品种秋田小町与较为抗病的水稻品种港源8号相比寄主抗性响应较晚,接种多核菌株及其毒素的寄主防御酶峰值更高、达到峰值的时间更早,部分在36h达到峰值,其余在36~48h达到峰值,但达到峰值后下降速率也更快;接种双核菌株及其毒素的寄主抗性响应较晚,在48~72h达到峰值,但达到峰值后防御酶下降的速率较慢,维持在略高于对照的稳定水平。 相似文献
9.
10.
为明确对节白蜡的抗病原因,以开发新的生物农药,采用同时蒸馏萃取法分离提取对节白蜡树叶中的挥发性物质,并对萃取溶剂、温度和时间等条件进行了筛选。结果表明,最佳萃取溶剂为乙醚,最佳萃取温度为100℃,最佳萃取时间为6 h。对乙醚提取物进行杀菌活性测试发现,乙醚提取物在500 g/m L的质量浓度下对5种供试病原菌都有一定的杀菌活性,其中对水稻纹枯病菌的杀菌活性最好,抑制率可达100%,其对小麦赤霉病菌的抑制率也能达到55.8%。GC-MS分析结果显示,乙醚提取的挥发性物质主要含有5个可分辨的成分,其中4号成分含量占总提取物的87.00%,NIST11谱库检索确证其结构为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯。根据以上结果,初步确定邻苯二甲酸二丁酯是对节白蜡重要的抗菌成分之一。 相似文献
11.
Williams JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5590):2207-8; author reply 2207-8
12.
Hotspots, basalts, and the evolution of the mantle 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Anderson DL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,213(4503):82-89
The trace element concentration patterns of continental and ocean island basalts and of mid-ocean ridge basalts are complementary. The relative sizes of the source regions for these fundamentally different basalt types can be estimated from the trace element enrichment-depletion patterns. Their combined volume occupies most of the mantle above the 670 kilometer discontinuity. The source regions separated as a result of early mantle differentiation and crystal fractionation from the resulting melt. The mid-ocean ridge basalts source evolved from an eclogite cumulate that lost its late-stage enriched fluids at various times to the shallower mantle and continental crust. The mid-ocean ridge basalts source is rich in garnet and clinopyroxene, whereas the continental and ocean island basalt source is a garnet peridotite that has experienced secondary enrichment. These relationships are consistent with the evolution of a terrestrial magma ocean. 相似文献
13.
Lunine JI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1993,261(5122):697-698
14.
Climate change, deforestation, and the fate of the Amazon 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Malhi Y Roberts JT Betts RA Killeen TJ Li W Nobre CA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5860):169-172
The forest biome of Amazonia is one of Earth's greatest biological treasures and a major component of the Earth system. This century, it faces the dual threats of deforestation and stress from climate change. Here, we summarize some of the latest findings and thinking on these threats, explore the consequences for the forest ecosystem and its human residents, and outline options for the future of Amazonia. We also discuss the implications of new proposals to finance preservation of Amazonian forests. 相似文献
15.
16.
Heckenberger MJ Russell JC Fausto C Toney JR Schmidt MJ Pereira E Franchetto B Kuikuro A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5893):1214-1217
The archaeology of pre-Columbian polities in the Amazon River basin forces a reconsideration of early urbanism and long-term change in tropical forest landscapes. We describe settlement and land-use patterns of complex societies on the eve of European contact (after 1492) in the Upper Xingu region of the Brazilian Amazon. These societies were organized in articulated clusters, representing small independent polities, within a regional peer polity. These patterns constitute a "galactic" form of prehistoric urbanism, sharing features with small-scale urban polities in other areas. Understanding long-term change in coupled human-environment systems relating to these societies has implications for conservation and sustainable development, notably to control ecological degradation and maintain regional biodiversity. 相似文献
17.
Luth RW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1993,261(5117):66-68
The reaction dolomite + 2 coesite --><-- diopside + 2 diamond + 2O(2) defines the coexistence of diamond and carbonate in mantle eclogites. The oxygen fugacity of this reaction is approximately 1 log unit higher at a given temperature and pressure than the oxygen fugacities of the analogous reactions that govern the stability of diamond in peridotite. This difference allows diamond-bearing eclogite to coexist with peridotite containing carbonate or carbonate + diamond. This potential coexistence of diamond-bearing eclogite and carbonate-bearing peridotite can explain the presence of carbon-free peridotite interlayered with garnet pyroxenites that contain graphitized diamond in the Moroccan Beni Bousera massif at the Earth's surface and the preferential preservation of diamond-bearing eclogitic relative to peridotitic xenoliths in the Roberts Victor kimberlite. 相似文献
18.
19.
Kerr RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,212(4500):1258
20.
Jeffrey Burkhardt 《Agriculture and Human Values》1988,5(3):53-60
The “new” agricultural biotechnologies are presently high-priority items on the national research agenda. The promise of increased efficiency and productivity resulting from products and processes derived from biotech is thought to justify the commitment to R&D. Nevertheless, critics challenge the environmental safety as well as political-economic consequences of particular products of biotech, notably, ice-nucleating bacteria and the bovine growth hormone. In this paper the critics' arguments are analyzed in explicitly ethical terms, and assessed as to their relative merits. In some cases, a principle of “do no foreseeable harm” as well as a clear determination of likely harms would force us to conclude that research, development, and diffusion of a product or process derived from biotechnology is ethically wrong. In all cases, one conclusion that can be reached is that everyone involved in research, development, marketing and adoption of biotech products is responsible for the results of their actions; thus, each individual has a responsibility to consider a broader range of values and goals that effect and are effected by the biotechnology effort. 相似文献