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1.
Summary This paper reports results of a 3-year evaluation of CIP advanced potato clones in a bacterial wilt-infested field (race 3) in Peru. Clones resistant or moderately resistant to wilt were selected and all tubers harvested from each clone were tested for latent infection byRalstonia solanacearum using a sensitive serological technique developed at CIP. A sampling strategy to estimate accurately the frequency of infected tubers in the clones has been evaluated. This method will allow consideration of tuber latent infection as a new selection criterion in breeding for resistance to bacterial wilt. Thirteen clones were found resistant to wilt in all three evaluations (i.e.≤6% wilt), from which five had no wilt in all trials. However, all clones harboured latent infection in tubers averaging 30%. Analysing 30 tubers/clone provides an accurate estimation of the proportion of infected tubers with a high precision level.  相似文献   

2.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important source of dietary carbohydrate and cash income generation for farmers in the tropical highlands of Kenya. The feasibility for cold storage at the farm level is limited due to the high costs of maintaining such a facility and there is limited data on the long-term post-harvest storage and quality of tubers of tropical-adapted cultivars. Application of sprout suppressants to control premature sprouting of ware potato is an attractive proposition. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of pre-harvest foliar applications of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and ethephon for sprout suppression on ware potato tubers in storage. Post-harvest spray applications of Isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl carbamate) chloropropham (CIPC) and 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) on tubers as fog was also evaluated. Potato cultivars had varying levels of tuber dormancy. The tubers were stored at ambient temperature (23 C) and evaluated weekly for 24 weeks for percent of tubers sprouting, length of longest sprouts, tuber weight loss and assessed for dormancy for 24 weeks. Paclobutrazol prolonged tuber dormancy by 21–31 days and reduced tuber weight loss. Ethephon treatment had no effect on dormancy and tuber weight loss. Potato tubers treated with CIPC had greater sprout control than the other treatments in storage. Tuber response to DMN treatment varied among the three potato cultivars evaluated. The findings from this study imply that PBZ is effective in prolonging potato tuber dormancy for short-term basis at 23 C, while CIPC applied on tubers was effective for long term storage. Optimization of post-harvest potato storage can improve food security in the highland tropics.  相似文献   

3.
The plasmodiophorid pathogen Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea causes powdery scab disease of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), which severely affects tuber quality. Adequate chemical control of the disease is lacking, so breeding resistant potato cultivars is important. Little is known about the mechanisms or genetics of host resistance, as the epidemiology of the pathogen makes research on the disease difficult. An environmentally controlled disease screen that allows the accurate and repeatable assessment of diseased tubers (rather than a ranking system) is required to study host resistance in more detail. A high-throughput greenhouse disease assay is described that has been used to assess varying levels of tuber disease resistance of potato genotypes for three consecutive Southern Hemisphere growing seasons (2001–2002, 2002–2003, 2003–2004). This assay allows the evaluation of symptoms on tubers to verify resistance, rather than inferring the tuber infection on the basis of root galling or zoosporangial root infection. The assay was used to determine the level of resistance of genotypes of both known and unknown resistance status. The assay clearly distinguished the susceptible and resistant standards, and the results were highly correlated over the three seasons. The most efficient ways of assessing tuber disease susceptibility of genotypes are discussed. The consistency of the results and the ability to screen many genotypes confirms the value of the assay as a tool for early-generation selection in a plant breeding programme.  相似文献   

4.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a major food and cash crop, mainly grown by small-scale farmers in the highland regions of Uganda. Potato late blight is one of the major diseases limiting production with potential yield losses over 70%, making host resistance a strong element in integrated disease management. This study was carried out to screen and select high yielding potato genotypes with resistance to late blight in Uganda. Forty-eight genotypes, including advanced clones from the population B3C2 of the International Potato Centre, commercial and farmers’ varieties, were evaluated under two environments for two seasons. Trials were laid out in an 8?×?6 alpha lattice design with three replications. Genotypes showed significant differences in yield and resistance to blight. A higher disease severity was observed in Karengyere (56%). The average RAUDPC (= 100 max) across locations indicated that genotypes 395,077.12 and 392,657.8, with disease severity of 12% and 14%, respectively, were the most resistant. Genotypes Victoria (53%) and NKRN59.124 (48%) were the most susceptible. Mean tuber yield under late blight infection was19.8 t ha?1. The best yielding genotype across sites was 395,112.32 (35.6 t ha?1) while 394,905.8 (10.3 t ha?1), yielded the lowest. The mean marketable tuber weight was 8.9 kg with genotypes 395,112.32 and 395,109.34 having the highest marketable weight of 16.5 kg and 15.6 kg respectively. Correlations between yield and yield related parameters were positive (p ≤?0.001), while those between RAUDPC were negative. The following genotypes, 395,112.32, 391,919.3, 393,220.54. 393,077.54, 396,038.107. 392,657.8, Kinigi, 395,014.17, NKRN59.58, NKRK19.17 and 395,011.2, were identified as promising parents for a late blight resistance breeding program. These exhibited high to medium resistance to late blight disease and high yields.  相似文献   

5.
Potato breeding selections A66107-51 and A68113-4 (Solanum tuberosum gptuberosum) are being released as germplasm that is highly resistant to Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) These selections have been extensively evaluated for resistance to Verticillium as measured by symptom severity and degree of colonization byV. dahliae. They combine outstanding wilt resistance with good tuber maturity characteristics, high yield, and french fry processing tuber type. A66107-51 has long-oblong, russeted tubers, with high yield and variable processing quality. A68113-4 has long-oblong, partially russeted tubers with high yield and good processing quality. Both selections are fertile as female parents, and A66107-51 is occasionally pollen fertile. The Verticillium resistance of these two clones has been transmitted to progeny. These selections were developed by USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station. Seed is available from USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, Idaho.  相似文献   

6.
The goal of these studies was to evaluate the influence of tuber age on the expression of resistance to Phytophthora infestans in five selected potato genotypes (three cultivars and two clones) varying in tuber resistance and maturity type, and also to select the best time for testing potato tubers for resistance to blight. Resistance was evaluated by inoculating whole tubers at 13 different times as they progressively aged during growth and storage. Tuber age was expressed as weeks after planting. Tubers were rated from week 13 (late July) until week 43 (late February) for tubers planted on 27–28 April, over three consecutive seasons (2001–2003). Analysis of variance performed on tuber resistance data showed significant effects of genotype, year and tuber age. Significant contributions of genotype × year, genotype × tuber age, year × tuber age and year × genotype × tuber age interactions were also detected. A slight increase in tuber resistance with tuber age was observed for cvs Bzura, Sokół and Irga, while the opposite trend was observed for the clones 97-A-63 and DG 92-227. Changes in tuber resistance with age of tested genotypes were not related to their maturity type. The period of most stable expression of tuber resistance was observed when tubers were tested between the 16th and 28th week after planting.  相似文献   

7.
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8.
The potato genotypes (Solanum tuberosum L.) with russet tuber skin are generally resistant to powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea or Sss). Lipoxygenase (LOX; EC 1.13.11.12) and patatin are two key storage proteins that are known to offer resistance to several diseases and insects. The objective of this study was to find out the relationship of these proteins in stored tubers with potato tuber powdery scab resistance, especially in russet skinned potatoes. An evaluation of potato germplasm with different tuber characteristics in a greenhouse environment over several years (2006–’11) suggests that russet skinned tuber genotypes (Mesa Russet, Centennial Russet and Russet Nugget) with negligible tuber disease severity index (DSI) and 100 % marketability were resistant to powdery scab. Higher physiological levels of LOX protein (on a dry weight basis) were negatively correlated with tuber DSI and positively correlated with tuber russet skin. Tuber total protein and patatin-lipase levels did not have a significant relationship with tuber powdery scab resistance. The proposed role of LOX protein in suberin- and/or non-suberin-mediated mechanisms of powdery scab resistance in russet skinned tubers are discussed here. The physiological levels of LOX protein can be considered as a useful marker for powdery scab resistance in potato breeding programs.  相似文献   

9.
Sentinel (FV8957-10) is a new yellow-fleshed potato cultivar that produces a high yield of attractive round to oval tubers at early harvest. Sentinel is suitable for fresh market use and chip processing. It was selected at the Lethbridge Research Centre of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, AB from a cross made at the Potato Research Centre of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, NB between breeding clones F72218 and F47024. Sentinel has erect medium-height vines and produces uniform tubers of medium-size with a light buff skin, light yellow flesh and shallow eyes. In multi-date-harvest trials, Sentinel produced similar or higher marketable yield compared to Atlantic and NorValley in southern Alberta. When harvested at 80 days after planting, Sentinel produced similar or greater yield than Superior and Conestoga at test sites across western Canada. Specific gravity of Sentinel was less than Atlantic and Conestoga but higher than NorValley and Superior, whereas chip colour was similar to Atlantic and lighter than NorValley or Superior. Sentinel showed little tendency to slough or to darken after cooking. It showed clear foliar and tuber symptoms when infected with bacterial ring rot. Sentinel is moderately susceptible to verticillium wilt, early blight, fusarium wilt and common scab and susceptible to late blight.  相似文献   

10.
Fourteen potato lines, including some indicating reduced susceptibility to zebra chip (ZC), were assessed in trials over three seasons at Pukekohe (New Zealand) under three insecticide regimes: FULL (pre-plant plus 14–15 foliar applications through the season), REDUCED (4–5 foliar applications) and NIL (no insecticide). In all three seasons there were consistent reductions in tuber yield, dry matter and tuber size from the FULL to the REDUCED to the NIL insecticide treatment. ZC severity recorded in crisp slices before and after frying tended to be highest in the NIL treatment and lowest in the FULL treatment. All lines had symptoms of ZC in both raw and fried crisp samples but there were clear differences between lines, with some showing significantly fewer symptoms of ZC than current widely grown potato lines in New Zealand. The potential of these ZC-symptom tolerant lines, both as parents in a breeding programme and for possible release, is discussed. CLso titre of individual tubers of three lines was also determined from the 2014 NIL plots using qPCR. There was little relationship between CLso titres and ZC scores in either raw or fried crisp slices both within and between lines.  相似文献   

11.
Potato zebra chip disease (ZC), a threat to potato production in the USA, Mexico, New Zealand, and Central America, is associated with the bacterium “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” (Cls) that is vectored by the potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli Sulc.). ZC control currently depends on insecticide applications, but sustainable control will require development of resistant and/or tolerant varieties. This study characterized four promising potato lines (246, 865, 510 and NAU) exposed to Cls-positive adult psyllids in choice and no-choice assays for ZC resistance. Psyllids preferred to settle on Atlantic over 246 and 865, and oviposit on Atlantic compared to 510. However, tolerance to ZC appeared more dependent on host responses to Cls infection. All four of these potato genotypes exhibited putative ZC tolerance in raw tubers compared to the susceptible commercial variety Atlantic. Expressed tolerance was associated with reduced concentrations of phenolic compounds in Cls-infected raw tubers with corresponding reductions in freshly-cut symptoms. However, these four genotypes exhibited ZC-linked discoloration of fried tuber slices, which was associated with increased sugar content that occurred following Cls-infection. As a result, these four ZC-tolerant experimental potato lines could be useful if the tubers produced are used for fresh, but not processing, markets.  相似文献   

12.
Wild potato species contain many traits of economic importance. Late blight (LB) resistance and cold chipping are traits desired in potato cultivars. These traits could be co-currently introgressed if they occurred together in wild potato species. Our research objectives were (1) to determine if variation for cold chipping exists between potato species, accessions within species, and plants within accessions all having foliar LB resistance, and (2) to identify wild potato genotypes combining LB resistance and cold chipping. Materials include 665 genotypes from 43 LB-resistant accessions of 12 potato species having Endosperm Balance Numbers (EBN) of 1, 2, and 4, and 59 LB-resistant genotypes retained from these accessions for breeding. Potato chips were made from greenhouse-grown tubers following storage at 4 C for 6 months. Chip color was scored 1–10, ≤ 4 is acceptable by industry standards. Most of the variation for chip color was due to differences between species. Species ranged in the percentage of acceptably chipping genotypes (0% – 67%) with nine of 12 species having cold-chipping genotypes. Appreciable variation was present within accessions as well. The best chipping accessions wereS. verrucosum plant introduction (PI) 161173 – 4.33 / 0.67 (mean / proportion acceptable genotypes),S. stoloniferum PI 250510 -4.36 / 0.64,S. pinnatisectum PI 347766 -4.65 / 0.35 and 275233 -4.73 / 0.44, andS. megistacrolobum PI 195210 -5.14 / 0.29. Eleven 1EBN genotypes fromS. pinnatisectum andS. trifidum and five 2EBN genotypes fromS. verrucosum, S. fendleri,S. stoloniferum, andS. microdontum were identified that combined LB resistance and cold chipping. Co-current introgression would require fewer breeding cycles than other breeding methods to identify hybrid genotypes possessing both traits.  相似文献   

13.
TerraRossa (POR01PG20–12) is a mid-season specialty potato, released by Oregon State University, and is a product of the Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program. This cultivar is unique among commercially available potato cultivars in that plants produce small- to medium-sized smooth, oblong- to long-shaped tubers with red skin and red flesh. Total tuber yields of TerraRossa are similar to Dark Red Norland and less than Red La Soda. Average tuber size (136 g) is less than both of the comparison cultivars, reflecting inherent differences in tuber size distribution. TerraRossa tubers have total antioxidant levels higher than traditional white fresh varieties and comparable to the All Blue purple potato, known for its high antioxidant levels. Sensory evaluations of TerraRossa tubers indicated that it has good culinary attributes following boiling, baking, and microwaving. Potato chips made from TerraRossa tubers retained their unique red color, which represents a novelty in the chipping industry. TerraRossa could be a good candidate for the organic sector due to its tolerance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) and tuber late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and its resistance to golden cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis). Due to its high yields, high chipping quality, good culinary properties, high antioxidant content and disease resistance, TerraRossa is a good candidate for opening new specialty type markets, adding diversity to the marketplace.  相似文献   

14.
Summary TenSolanum tuberosum genotypes differing in resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) in foliage and tubers were intercrossed to determine the inheritance of disease resistance in their progenies. Plots of 10–15 clones per progeny were established in each of 2 years and resistance assessed by field or laboratory tests. The parental genotypes were similarly tested each year. The parents differed in general combining ability (GCA) for both foliage blight (FB) and tuber blight (TB). The parental and GCA scores were significantly correlated for both aspects of the disease, but the correlations between foliage and tuber scores for parents and for GCAs were not significant. Three parental genotypes were highly resistant in both foliage and tubers, and the genotype with the highest GCA for resistance to both FB and TB (cv. stirling) is recommended as the best parent. There was no evidence of strong genetic correlation between both aspects of resistance, and it is suggested that both be selected for in a breeding programme.  相似文献   

15.
Potato tubers provide people not only with carbohydrates but also with other essential compounds for human health. Several investigations have compared the quality of crops grown under organic and conventional farming systems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the concentrations of vitamins C, B1 and B2 as well as glycoalkaloids (α-solanine and α-chaconine) in potato tubers of different genotypes and to estimate the farming system (conventional and organic) impact on the content of these compounds. Twenty potato genotypes were grown under organic and conventional farming systems in Priekuli (Latvia) during 2010 and 2011. The concentrations of vitamins C, B1 and B2 as well as glycoalkaloids (α-solanine and α-chaconine) were significantly influenced by the potato genotype. The vitamin B1 concentration of potato genotypes grown in the organic field exceeded that of potato genotypes grown in the conventional field. A significant negative correlation was found between the vitamin C concentration and tuber yield only in the conventional field. No significant correlations were found between the other potato characteristics, such as starch content, tuber taste after boiling and glycoalkaloids, vitamins C, B1 and B2. The high broad-sense heritability for all tested traits (vitamin C 93%, vitamin B1 92%, α-solanine 88%, α-chaconine 84% and vitamin B2 70%) demonstrated that the high genetic diversity in the potato genotype population accounted for the phenotypic expression. The present study suggested that the breeding of new potato varieties with improved nutritional quality can be launched, and that the varieties that will be developed can be produced in an environmentally friendly way.  相似文献   

16.
The necrotic symptoms (spraing) in tubers caused byPotato mop-top pomovirus (PMTV) have become a severe problem for potato production in Scandinavia. PMTV is transmitted by the powdery scab pathogen (Spongospora subterranea) and no methods for control are currently available. Two breeding lines (NY99 and NY103) from the Cornell University potato breeding program, twotuberosum ×acaule lines (TA3.8.3.3 and TA3.5.3.7) from the International Potato Center (CIP), and one line (IvP35) ofSolarium phureja were tested for resistance to PMTV in field trials in Sweden in 1998 and 1999. In both years, NY99 had a low incidence of PMTV infection in tubers, and the infected tubers showed a low accumulation of PMTV, indicating that NY99 is a promising new source of resistance to PMTV for breeding programs. Furthermore, it may be suitable for cultivation in Scandinavia, which, however, needs to be evaluated in more extensive field trials.  相似文献   

17.
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important food crop worldwide. Potato tubers can be stored to provide continuity of supply between production seasons, but it is important that they be stored under appropriate conditions as incorrect storage will result in deterioration in end user quality and may increase glycoalkaloid levels. We have investigated the effects of types of household storage on potato glycoalkaloid content (total glycoalkaloids [TGA]; α-solanine; α-chaconine) in Turkey. Tubers of potato cultivars (cvs.) Agria and Bettina were stored under four types of storage conditions (indirect sunlight for 10 h per day and dark storage for the remaining 14 h per day; storage under continuous fluorescent light; storage in constant darkness; storage in the dark in a refrigerator) for 56 days. Samples of tubers were taken at the beginning of the storage period and after 14, 28 and 56 days of storage for tuber glycoalkaloid measurement. Tubers stored in the three light environments showed an increase in glycoalkaloid levels; however, none of the cv. Agria tubers reached the critical level of 200 mg/kg tuber. On day 56 the TGA level of cv. Bettina tubers stored under fluorescent light reached 234.31 mg/kg.  相似文献   

18.
Soft rot of potato tubers, caused byErwinia (Pectobacterium), is a serious disease affecting potato crops during storage. Studies on the inheritance of resistance to tuber soft rot were undertaken on diploid potato hybrids. A total of 480 clones, derived from 12 families, were examined for resistance to soft rot in laboratory tests over 3 years and for basic agronomic traits in field experiments over 2 years. General (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities were significant in the inheritance of resistance to soft rot; however, GCA for female parents were significant in 1 or 2 years during 3 years of evaluation and SCA was significant for eight, two, and six families out of 10 tested in 1994, 1995, and 1996, respectively. There were also significant differences between years. Moreover, marked interactions for GCAfemales × year and SCA × year in the variation of soft rot resistance were found. Broad-sense and narrowsense heritability of resistance, measured as diameter of rotten tissue, was estimated as 0.92 and 0.89, respectively. The maternal effect, evaluated in two sets of reciprocal crosses, was not significant for the genetic determination of resistance to soft rot. No significant relationships were found between resistance to soft rot and the main agronomic traits in the tested diploid families. These results suggest that diploid potato clones with resistance to soft rot can be selected after being evaluated over a few seasons. It is also possible to select clones combining good resistance to soft rot with high yield, superior tuber characteristics, and acceptable starch content. These resistant diploids can be used as male parents in 4x-2x crosses in breeding tetraploid potato resistant to soft rot.  相似文献   

19.
Potato plays an important role in food security in Kenya but yields are low (<10 t/ha), and this is partly attributed to the lack of healthy planting material. This study is the first wide-scale survey to determine the occurrence and distribution of common potato pests and diseases in Kenyan seed (certified and quality declared) and ware crops. Potato crops growing on 101 farms in 21 districts were examined. Approximately 36% of plants in farmers’ fields sampled both during the long rains (main potato-growing season) and short rains seasons displayed virus-like disease symptoms. Six viruses (potato leafroll virus (PLRV), Potato virus A (PVA), potato virus M (PVM), potato virus S (PVS), potato virus X (PVX), and potato virus Y (PVY)) were detected using double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in potato samples. Sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products from PVY-infected plants revealed the presence of recombinant strains of PVY (NTN and Wilga). Four aphid species, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, and Aphis fabae, colonized potato in all districts, occurring in greater numbers west of the Great Rift Valley than to the east. There was a positive correlation between virus incidence and aphid numbers in the long rains (main) potato-growing season. PLRV, PVM, PVS, PVX, and PVY were detected in solanaceous weeds. Ralstonia solanacearum was detected in soils from 13 farms in 8 of the 18 districts surveyed. Approximately 38% of soil samples were infested with Meloidogyne spp. Phytophthora infestans isolates belonging to the US 1 and 2_A1 genotypes were identified. Although many economically important diseases are present in Kenya, the lower aphid incidence in districts east of the Great Rift Valley may indicate that these districts are more suitable for seed potato production.  相似文献   

20.
Development of alternative serological techniques to ELISA for detection of potato viruses offers advantages for monitoring virus incidence and for seed potato certification systems. Several trials showed that multiplex tissue print immunoassay (TPIA) and dot blot immunoassay (DBIA) might represent fast, practical, and sensitive alternatives for the detection of: Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus X (PVX) and Potato virus Y (PVY), from green and/or tuber tissues. In TPIA, the specific precipitation patterns in infected tissues of leaf petioles or stem cross sections, observed with each virus, allowed identification of the specific virus or mixed infections in a single multiplex assay. For detection of PVY in green tissues, DBIA was shown to be over 50 times more sensitive than ELISA. TPIA and ELISA from the tuber stem end or from eyes might be used for rapid detection of PVY and PVS in seed potato tubers without prior germination. PVS was evenly distributed in potato tuber tissue, while PVY was localized in the vascular tissue beneath the epidermis, with irregular distribution along the periphery of the potato tuber. For laboratories in developing countries lacking time and facilities for tests based on tuber germination, monitoring for PVS and PVY using TPIA in tuber tissue may be a suitable alternative to ELISA.  相似文献   

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