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1.
竹子蒸汽爆破法预处理及酶解获取可发酵单糖 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
竹子的生物量很高,可作为生物能源生产的重要原料.预处理是纤维素乙醇生产中的关键技术,该文以孝顺竹和大木竹为原料,采用蒸汽爆破法对竹子进行预处理,并进行酶解试验,用高效液相色谱法测定预处理滤液和酶解液中的可发酵单糖含量.结果表明,采用0.5％稀硫酸预浸泡能使总糖得率提高49％;汽爆强度对预处理效果有显著影响,汽爆强度指数为3.35时,预处理后固形物的酶解转化率最高;汽爆强度指数为3.65时总糖得率最高,每千克干基竹粉可得单糖289.5 9.汽爆法预处理存在聚糖分解后进入滤液、单糖分解等现象,通过质量平衡才能准确预测其单糖产率.汽爆预处理后竹子的酶解率不及玉米秸秆等生物质原料,可能与其木质化程度高、微观组织结构更为致密等因素有关. 相似文献
2.
为研究温度-压力解耦条件下汽爆玉米秸秆物化作用及其酶解效果,分别采用不同蒸煮温度(453、471和485 K)和不同爆破压力(1.0、1.5和2.0 MPa)对玉米秸秆进行汽爆处理,测定并分析对其物理结构(微观形貌和多孔特性)、化学组成(组分含量、官能团结构和结晶程度)和热力学性质的影响.结果显示:随蒸煮温度增加,汽爆... 相似文献
3.
纤维素酶解效率是木质纤维素经济、高效生化转化的限制瓶颈。该文讨论了影响纤维素酶酶解经济性与高效性的多个要素,如:高滤纸酶活菌株的选育、发酵、酶解机理、酶解影响因素及酶解混合体系的优化等。该文研究表明,纤维二糖水解酶可能是决定发酵体系中滤纸酶活高低的关键单酶组分,同时,该酶可能也是预处理后生物质酶解体系中决定滤纸酶活效率的关键单酶组分。酶解过程中关键限速反应的认识及关键限制因素形成机制的揭示将成为纤维素酶生化转化研究的重点,这些机理机制的建立可为构建高比活力纤维素酶提供理论依据。 相似文献
4.
膨化预处理玉米秸秆提高还原糖酶解产率的效果 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
为了提高玉米秸秆的可发酵还原糖转化率,采用膨化技术对玉米秸秆木质纤维素进行预处理。扫描电镜观察,玉米秸秆的纤维束受到破坏,木质素包裹作用减弱,纤维素酶的空间作用面积提高。红外光谱分析表明有部分半纤维素和少量木质素水解;X射线衍射测定纤维素结晶度降低了12.68%。通过进一步纤维素酶解试验,与未处理的相比膨化处理后原料酶解时间可缩短16 h,未经膨化处理原料还原糖的酶解产率为13.48%,膨化处理后原料还原糖的酶解产率可达24.91%。结果表明,膨化预处理技术可明显提高玉米秸秆木质纤维素的能源化利用效率。该 相似文献
5.
γ射线辐照与NaOH溶液协同预处理对玉米秸秆酶解产糖率及微观结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为提高玉米秸秆的酶解产糖量,研究γ射线辐照与NaOH溶液协同处理对玉米秸秆中酶解还原糖得率的影响。采用红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜(SEM)分析协同处理对玉米秸秆微观结构的影响。结果表明,较低剂量辐照对玉米秸秆酶解还原糖得率作用不明显,但可大幅降低后续碱浸泡所需的用量和时间。电镜扫描结果表明,经200kGy剂量辐照与碱协同预处理的样品,表面积增加最多。经200kGy辐照和2%NaOH溶液协同预处理的玉米秸秆,其酶解还原糖含量达到了48.34%,这为应用酶解玉米秸秆生产工业乙醇提供了理论依据。 相似文献
6.
为提高纤维素酶解糖化的效率,该文采用超低浓度硫酸水解预处理废弃玉米秸秆。重点考察了不同酸浓度、反应温度、反应时间条件下超低浓度酸水解及后续酶解的总还原糖、葡萄糖及木糖的产率,详细叙述了总还原糖及各种单糖在酸水解及酶解过程中的转化规律,通过正交试验确定酸水解的最佳工况为酸浓度0.1%,反应温度160℃,反应时间55 min,搅拌180 r/min,固液比1∶10。酸水解后进行酶解(酶用量5%,pH值4.6,时间24 h,温度50℃)得到还原糖、葡萄糖、木糖产率分别为56.22%、16.97%、18.83%。通过红外光谱和纤维素分析仪对酸水解和酶解后的残渣进行分析可知,纤维素、半纤维素的转化率分别为88.52%、95.18%,进一步计算还原糖、葡萄糖、木糖的转化率为88.11%、44.86%、72.49%。该方法较大程度避免了还原糖在酸水解过程中的降解,保证了半纤维素还原糖的转化效率,进一步提高了总还原糖的产率,为超低酸水解在燃料乙醇领域提供了新的应用途径。 相似文献
7.
生物—碱氧化预处理玉米秸秆酶解条件的优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
白腐菌生物—碱氧化预处理（BAO预处理）具有环境友好、低能耗的优势,是一项很有前景的生产纤维质乙醇预处理技术。为获得预处理后玉米秸秆的最优酶解条件,通过动力学研究评价了纤维素酶负荷、反应时间、基质浓度对还原糖产量的影响,并利用响应面分析法优化了酶解反应温度、pH值和转速。结果表明,最适的酶解糖化条件为：酶负荷30 FPU/g,基质浓度20 g/L,反应时间48 h,pH 4.8,转速200 r/min,反应温度49℃。在此条件下,秸秆的还原糖产量达到（0.479±0.012）g/g。 相似文献
8.
为了扩大可用于青贮的玉米秸秆资源量,通过借鉴青贮、黄贮和汽爆玉米秸秆加工技术的优点,该文提出使用低强度汽爆对干黄玉米秸秆进行预处理,改进玉米秸秆青贮效果的方法。通过低强度汽爆（0.6～1.4 MPa,5 min）将玉米秸秆中的半纤维素适当降解为寡糖和单糖,增加玉米秸秆中的可溶性糖含量。调节质量含水率为70%,然后使用塑料袋密闭汽爆预处理后的玉米秸秆进行青贮。通过检测青贮过程中pH值、有机酸含量、氨态氮占总氮的比例等参数,并使用农业部青贮饲料质量评定标准对获得的青贮饲料进行评分。结果显示低强度汽爆（1.0 MPa,5 min）预处理可有效的增加干黄玉米秸秆中的可溶性糖含量,使饲料等级从“一般”到“优”。该方法可有效地增加可用于青贮的玉米秸秆资源量。 相似文献
9.
该文主要以粒度小于0.088 mm秸秆粉的酶解上清液为底物与热预处理后的活性污泥进行厌氧发酵产氢试验,以累积产氢量为考察指标,基于响应面Box-Behnken模型研究不同影响因素对玉米秸秆酶解上清液厌氧发酵产氢的影响,对玉米秸秆酶解上清液厌氧发酵产氢工艺进行优化。结果表明:温度、初始p H值和还原糖浓度三因素中,温度和还原糖浓度对玉米秸秆酶解上清液厌氧发酵产氢的影响最大。采用Box-Behnken模型获得的最佳产氢条件为:温度38.32℃,初始p H值4.93,还原糖浓度20.70 mg/m L,最大产氢量685.59 m L,此时最大产氢率为57.13 m L/g(玉米秸秆)。通过试验验证,实际最大产氢量为659.24 m L,产氢率为54.94 m L/g(玉米秸秆),与模型预测值相比,相对误差为3.84%,说明该模型具有较好的拟合性。该优化工艺可为后期连续流状态下的生物制氢系统提供参考。 相似文献
10.
螺杆挤压连续汽爆玉米秸秆流变性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为玉米秸秆在装置内的流场模拟提供重要物性参数,用螺杆挤压连续汽爆装置处理玉米秸秆,对得到的挤出物和汽爆物进行流变性分析。该文研究了玉米秸秆挤出物和汽爆物在不同温度下的流变曲线、温度对其表观黏度的影响,利用测试数据对其流变模式进行了线性拟合。结果表明：玉米秸秆挤出物和汽爆物具有明显的剪切稀化现象,均属假塑性流体;在低剪切速率时,流变曲线受温度的影响不明显,在高剪切速率下,流变曲线受温度的影响较明显;通过运用宾汉、卡森和幂律3种流变模式进行线性拟合发现,玉米秸秆挤出物和汽爆物的拟合效果均为幂律模式最佳,宾汉模式最差;挤出物和汽爆物的幂律模式本构方程可用于计算精确的流场模拟结果,为挤出物在单螺杆内和汽爆物在连续酶解装置的流动状态提供模拟依据。 相似文献
11.
Sweetness and enzymatic activity of lysozyme 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Hen egg lysozyme elicits a sweet taste sensation for human beings. Effects of reduction of disulfide bonds, heat treatment, and chemical modification of hen egg lysozyme on both sweetness and hydrolytic activity were investigated. Both the sweetness and enzymatic activities were lost when the intradisulfide linkage in a lysozyme molecule was reduced and S-3-(trimethylated amino) propylated. The sweetness and enzymatic activity of lysozyme were lost on heating at 95 degrees C for 18 h. These facts suggest that tertiary structures of lysozyme are indispensable for eliciting a sweet taste as well as enzymatic activity. Although the modification of carboxyl residues in a lysozyme by glycine methylester or aminomethansulfonic acid resulted in the loss of enzymatic activity by blocking the catalytic residues, the sweetness was fully retained. These results indicate that the sweetness of lysozyme was independent of its enzymatic activity. The lysozyme purified from goose egg white similarly elicited a sweet taste, although goose (g-type) lysozyme is quite different from hen egg lysozyme (c-type) on the basis of structural, immunological, and enzymatic properties. These findings indicate that a specific protein property of lysozyme is required for sweetness elicitation and that the enzymatic activity and carbohydrates produced by enzymatic reaction are not related to the sweet taste. 相似文献
12.
Betanidin is a basic betacyanin with a 5,6-dihydroxyl moiety which causes its high antioxidant activity. For the purpose of structural study, the enzymatic oxidation of betanidin and betanin (5-O-glucosylated betanidin), followed by chromatographic separation of the oxidation products with spectrophotometric and mass spectrometric detection (LC-DAD-MS/MS) was performed. Within the pH 4-8 range, two main oxidation peaks of betanidin were observed, betanidin quinonoid (possibly betanidin o-quinone) and 2-decarboxy-2,3-dehydrobetanidin, whereas at pH 3 only dehydrogenated and decarboxylated derivatives were detected, suggesting different stabilities of the products at different pH values. The presence of two prominent oxidation products, 2-decarboxy-2,3-dehydrobetanidin and 2,17-bidecarboxy-2,3-dehydrobetanidin, at pH 3 indicates their generation via two possible reaction routes with two different quinonoid intermediates: dopachrome derivative and quinone methide. Both reaction paths lead to the decarboxylative dehydrogenation of betanidin. Subsequent oxidation and rearrangement of the conjugated chromophoric system results in the formation of 14,15-dehydrogenated derivatives. Betanin is oxidized with generation of a quinone methide intermediate, which rearranges to 2,3-dehydro- or neoderivatives. The products of enzymatic oxidation of betacyanins thus formed are derivatives of 5,6-dihydroxyindole and related structures known as the key intermediates in melanogenesis. 相似文献
13.
Lipophilization is the esterification of a lipophilic moiety (fatty acid or fatty alcohol) on different substrates (phenolic acid, sugar, protein, ...), resulting in new molecules with modified hydrophilic/lipophilic balance. This reaction can be obtained chemically or enzymatically using different enzymes. Phenolic acids possess interesting biological properties (antioxidant, chelator, free radical scavenger, UV filter, antimicrobial, ...), but because of their relatively low solubility in aprotic media, their application in oil-based products is limited. Therefore, the esterification of their carboxylic acid function with a fatty alcohol enhances their hydrophobicity and results in a multifunctional amphiphilic molecule. Enzymatic lipophilization of phenolic acids is nowadays studied for potential industrial applications. Different systems have been proposed to perform the reaction yield [free or immobilized enzymes (lipase, feruloyl esterase, tannase, etc.), free or added organic solvent, addition of surfactant, microemulsion system, etc.]. Some of the functional properties of these esters have been demonstrated. This review presents a panorama of the advances in this field. 相似文献
14.
从常年堆放的腐质豆秆中分离到1组产纤维素酶菌群MO,并在50℃、pH8.0条件下培养,90h时达到最高酶活,活性为1.3611IU。该酶最适反应温度为60℃,pH为7.0,在60℃以下和pH3~8范围内具有良好的热稳定性和pH稳定性。在最适反应条件下,该酶的最高活性可达2.13IU。通过生长动力学研究了菌群内部不同生长阶段pH、酶活和失重率的相互关系,并通过非变性电泳对酶谱进行初步研究,得到7条活性条带,说明MO中具有多种产酶菌株。 相似文献
15.
To utilize soy protein isolate (SPI) more widely, a convenient and effective method for deodorizing it is required. This paper reports a new deodorizing method using various types of solid adsorbents made of polystyrene, polymethacrylate, and zeolite, as well as charcoal. Treatment of the SPI solution with them decreased the hexanal content in the solution, whereas the content of linoleic acid was not much decreased. A brominated polystyrene adsorbent (SEPABEADS SP207) and a zeolite adsorbent (HSZ-360HUD) removed hexanal most effectively, although 30-40% of the total hexanal remained. A model experiment showed that their hexanal adsorption capacity was much higher than the hexanal content in the SPI solution and that an excess amount of hexanal added to the SPI solution was mostly removed by them. These results suggest that hexanal in the SPI solution can be classified into two types. Hexanal of type I may be free or bound weakly on the surface of proteins and is removable by the adsorbents, whereas hexanal of type II may be bound tightly inside proteins and is unremovable by the adsorbents. Despite the considerable amount of hexanal remaining in the SPI solution even in the most successful cases, the SPI solution was well deodorized as shown by the sensory test. Accordingly, type I hexanal may be closely related to the soybean odor. Removal of hexanal by the adsorbents was not much improved by alpha-chymotryptic digestion of SPI. Type II hexanal might be in similar states even in the chymotryptic digests. 相似文献
16.
Rapid enzymatic assay of insoluble and soluble dietary fiber 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
N G Asp C G Johansson H Hallmer M Siljestr?m 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1983,31(3):476-482
17.
Mao JD Holtman KM Franqui-Villanueva D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2010,58(22):11680-11687
Advanced solid-state NMR techniques and wet chemical analyses were applied to investigate untreated corn stover (UCS) and its residues after dilute acid prehydrolysis (DAP) and enzymatic hydrolysis (RES) to provide evidence for the limitations to the effectiveness of enzyme hydrolysis. Advanced solid-state NMR spectral-editing techniques as well as 1H-13C two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation NMR (2D HETCOR) were employed. Our results indicated that dilute acid prehydrolysis selectively removed amorphous carbohydrates, increased aromatic CH/other protonated -C═C- and enriched alkyl CH and CH2 components. Cinnamic acids were increased, and proteinaceous materials and N-containing degradation or condensation compounds were absorbed or coprecipitated in RES. 2D HETCOR experiments indicated a close association between lignin and the residual carbohydrates. Ketones/aldehydes were not detected in the DAP, in contrast to a report in which an appreciable amount of ketones/aldehydes was generated from the acid pretreatment of a purified cellulose in the literature. This suggested that acid pretreatment may modify the structure of purified cellulose more than biomass and that biomass may be a better substrate than model biopolymers and compounds for assessing structural changes that occur with industrial processing. On the basis of NMR and wet chemical analyses, we found the following factors could cause the limitations to the effectiveness of enzymatic hydrolysis: (1) chemical modification of carbohydrates limited the biologically degradable carbohydrates available; (2) cinnamic acids in the residue accumulated; (3) accessibility was potentially limited due to the close association of carbohydrates with lignin; and (4) proteinaceous materials and N-containing degradation or condensation compounds were absorbed or coprecipitated. 相似文献
18.
The body complex of the soybean seed (BCSS) was isolated from the single cells (27.2%) by a sequential procedure of autoclaving with water, cellulase digestion for the primary cell wall, pectinase digestion for the secondary cell wall, and defatting with hexane washing. Its characteristics were then investigated. The defatted BCSS (DBCSS) consisted of protein (76.5%) and mannose-rich carbohydrates (3.2%). Screening of the food-processing protease for the digestion of DBCSS was carried out, and a kind of alkaline protease was selected. The inner protein of DBCSS was easily extracted with 0.1 M sodium carbonate buffer, pH 10, and the insoluble shell of the body complex (SDBCSS) was left. SDBCSS consisted of hydrophobic amino acid-rich protein. SDBCSS was easily digested by the selected alkaline protease. SDBCSS was dissolved by boiling with sodium dodecyl sulfate-mercaptoethanol, and it was found to consist of a protein of approximately 3 kDa. The high enzymatic digestion including the selected protease for soybean seed and defatted soybean meal was carried out; both were extracted and digested with a yield of >99.5%. The final indigestible residue was found as paired hexagonal and filamentous organs of the soybean cells. 相似文献
19.
水酶法提取菜籽乳化油的工艺研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
为获得温和的制油工艺，该文采用了多种细胞壁多糖酶制剂对湿磨菜籽浆进行水相酶解法提油。同时对菜籽内源硫苷酶的湿热灭活条件及硫苷的湿热稳定性进行了研究，并优化了酶解的工艺条件。结果表明：沸水处理5 min可以有效钝化菜籽内源硫苷酶，此时硫苷的降解率为11.28％；果胶酶、纤维素酶和β-葡聚糖酶经复配(4∶1∶1)后处理菜籽比单一酶制剂的作用效果好，复合酶解最适工艺条件为：固液比1∶5，加酶量3％，酶解时间5 h，在此条件下乳化油得率为92.45％。 相似文献
20.
蔗糖月桂酸酯的酶法合成 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以菌株GX-0014提取的固定化酶为催化剂，研究了在无溶剂体系中，月桂酸与蔗糖的酯化反应，结果表明，反应温度为30℃，pH为7．0，月桂酸与蔗糖的摩尔比大于8时酯化反应的转化率较高。对有机溶剂提取的反应产物进行薄层色谱及红外光谱分析，确证所合成的产物为蔗糖月桂酸酯。 相似文献