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利用不同浓度的EMS对高粱晋粱5号和V4B种子进行不同时间处理,分析EMS处理对高粱出苗及株高、叶片、穗型、育性和成熟期的影响,确定高粱EMS处理的最适条件,为高粱种质创新以及品种培育和改良提供参考。结果表明,晋粱5号和V4B的出苗率、相对成苗率变化总趋势为随EMS浓度升高和处理时间增长而升高,但是与对照相比,部分EMS处理能提高种子的出苗率。株高变异率、育性变异率及成熟期变异率变化总趋势为随EMS浓度升高而升高,而EMS处理对两个种质的叶形变异率和穗型变异率的影响趋势不同。不同浓度EMS应用于高粱诱变育种时,0.20% EMS浸种12h可作为EMS诱变晋粱5号和V4B构建突变体库的适宜条件;0.20% EMS和0.25% EMS浸种12h可分别作为EMS诱变晋粱5号和V4B筛选矮秆突变体的适宜条件;0.25% EMS浸种12h可作为EMS诱变晋粱5号和V4B筛选穗型突变体的适宜条件,以及晋粱5号筛选叶片突变体的适宜条件;0.35% EMS浸种12h可作为EMS诱变晋粱5号和V4B筛选成熟期突变体的适宜条件。 相似文献
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为研究甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变技术在冬瓜种质资源创制中的效果和探索适宜的冬瓜种子诱变体系,采用EMS磷酸缓冲液对冬瓜种子进行诱变处理,研究了处理浓度和诱变处理时间对冬瓜种子萌发和生长的影响,并对冬瓜M1、M2代突变体的田间生物学性状进行调查分析。结果表明,最佳的诱变条件为1.2% EMS诱变12 h,在此条件下,冬瓜种子发芽率、成苗率分别为54.67%、51.83%,接近半数致死浓度;在该诱变条件下大规模处理冬瓜种子10000 粒,催芽播种4752 粒,成苗4500 株,植株具有典型的EMS处理后的真叶畸形、黄化等特征,证明EMS诱导成功,自交授粉获得586 个自交瓜。种植M2代株系后获得叶、花、果实和株型等相关的突变体,突变率分别为27.22%、26.80%、20.47%、16.06%,冬瓜总突变频率为11.53%。本研究建立了冬瓜种子EMS诱变体系,构建了冬瓜突变体库,为冬瓜功能基因研究奠定了材料基础。 相似文献
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为建立谷子突变体库,以便在谷子分子生物学研究中应用,以生产上主要推广种植的谷子品种‘长农35号’干种子为实验材料,采用0.8%和1.0%甲磺酸乙酯(EMS)进行了诱变处理,试验共收获株型相关M1代突变体材料282份,其中,0.8% EMS诱变‘长农35号’获得株型突变体材料100个单株,可分为10个组;1.0% EMS诱变‘长农35号’获得株型突变体材料182个单株,可分为17个组。M1代成熟期株型相关性状突变体分析结果表明：1.0% EMS处理‘长农35号’所获突变体,在株高、穗下节粗、穗下第一节间粗和茎节数4个性状与对照有显著差异,而0.8%处理与对照差异不显著,因此,对于‘长农35号’来讲,采用1.0% EMS进行诱变处理更有利于多类型大量突变单株的获得。 相似文献
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亚洲棉EMS诱变条件优化与突变体筛选 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】明确适于亚洲棉诱变的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)最佳浓度和处理时间,创制优异亚洲棉突变体。【方法】用体积分数0.4%~1.5%EMS溶液浸泡处理亚洲棉石系亚1号种子4~8 h,分析不同时间、不同浓度的EMS溶液处理对石系亚1号种子萌发和生长的影响,并对M1、M2代突变株的形态学特征进行了初步鉴定。【结果】0.6%EMS溶液处理8 h,石系亚1号种子的发芽率、发芽指数分别为51%、18.84,诱变效果最佳。以该参数大规模诱变处理约23 000粒石系亚1号种子,共筛选获得M1代变异材料5559株,突变频率为48.37%;M2代变异材料825份,突变频率为14.17%,其中叶型、株型的突变频率最高,分别为8.0%,5.9%;M3代变异株系57个,变异性状遗传频率为31.30%,M3代新增突变频率为18.26%。【结论】本研究建立了亚洲棉种子EMS诱变体系,构建了亚洲棉石系亚1号M2突变群体,获得了36份可稳定遗传的突变体株系,为棉花功能基因组研究奠定了材料基础。 相似文献
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花生突变体的EMS诱变及分子检测 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
化学诱变能有效的创造各种突变体,确定诱变的适宜条件能提高诱变效率,更好地拓展花生种质资源。本研究采用化学诱变剂EMS处理2个花生品种的种子外植体,设置5个处理浓度(0.3%,0.6%,0.9%,1.2%,1.5%)和5个处理时间(0.5h,1h,3h,5h,7h)共25个组合,以半致死量为选择标准,确定了中花5号的适宜诱变组合为0.9%7h,1.2%5h,远杂9102的适宜诱变组合为0.6%7h,0.9%7h.对中花5号M0代植株的一些生物学性状进行观察,发现EMS对其产生了明显的生理损伤,两个品种对EMS的敏感性有差异,但差异性不大。对部分突变体进行分子检测,结果表明其DNA已经发生变异. 相似文献
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为探讨EMS(甲基磺酸乙酯)对啤酒大麦种子甘啤8号萌发期及苗期的影响,优选适宜的诱变条件,本试验对浸水萌动后的种子进行EMS诱变处理,共设置7个浓度(0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%、1.2%),3个时间段(8 h、12 h和16 h)处理。结果表明,随着诱变浓度增加,单日的萌发数量均呈下降趋势,相同浓度下单日相对发芽率8 h>16 h>12 h;发芽势也呈下降趋势,8 h、12 h和16 h处理发芽势最大值分别为84%、66%和82%;诱变浓度和诱变时间对发芽势和发芽率的影响显著(p<0.05)。5 d发芽率能达到40%～60%的诱变组合为0.8%+8 h, 0.4%+12 h, 0.4%+16 h;萌发指数随诱变浓度增大和诱变时间延长显著下降(p<0.05);EMS诱变剂对大麦种子芽长和根长的生长影响显著(p<0.05),随着EMS浓度增大和诱变时间的延长,大麦种子的芽长和根长均呈显著下降趋势。8 h处理、浓度大于0.8%时,根长受到抑制;12 h处理、浓度大于0.6%,根长受到抑制;16 h处理、浓度大于0.8%时,根长和芽... 相似文献
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Summary A giabrous mutant was identified from progenies of chickpea seeds that were treated with ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). The mutant has no shoot hairs in contrast to the dense hairs on normal chickpeas. The character is governed by a single recessive gene. This mutant can be useful in certain pathological and eniomological studies. 相似文献
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水稻细卷叶突变体nrl2(t)的遗传分析和基因定位 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
研究调控水稻叶片发育基因对水稻功能基因组学和株型改良有着重要的意义。本研究从籼稻恢复系缙恢10号的EMS突变体库中发现一个水稻新型突变体,命名为nrl2(t)。该突变体叶片卷曲、变细、伸长,茎秆变细,抽穗期提前,叶绿素含量增高,孕穗期剑叶生长素含量降低,而幼穗中生长素含量有所提高。遗传分析表明该性状受一对隐性基因控制。利用SSR标记将该基因定位于第3染色体SSR标记s3RM1和s3RM3之间,物理距离约为114 kb。研究结果为该基因的克隆及进一步揭示细叶卷曲形成的分子机理奠定了基础。 相似文献
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J. R. Sharma R. K. Lal A. P. Gupta H. O. Misra V. Pant N. K. Singh V. Pandey 《Plant Breeding》1999,118(5):449-452
A mutation breeding programme using gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) was carried out for genetic conversion of narcotic ‘opium poppy’ into non-narcotic ‘seed poppy’. Two families contained 31 latexless (opiumless) and 23 partial latex-bearing plants which were identified in the M2 and confirmed in the M3 generations by the ‘ray-pluck’ method. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometry of powdered capsule hulls (straw) from 22 representative plants also revealed that none of the five opium alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine and narcotine) was present in the straw. Six plants also possessed high seed yield (4.0–5.66 g/capsule vs. 3.39 g for control) and seven had a high seed oil content (50.7-53.5%). The best mutant genotype, LL-34 of the family C1-Comb-113-2, with 5.66 g/capsule seeds containing 52.6% oil was designated as cv. ‘Sujata’. This, perhaps the world's first opiumless and alkaloid-free seed poppy cultivar, offers a cheap and permanent (fundamental) solution to the global problem of opium-linked social abuse. Simultaneously, it serves as a safe and potential food crop with protein-rich seeds and healthy unsaturated seed oil. 相似文献
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Mutations were induced in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar ‘JG 315’ through treatment of seeds with ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). One of the mutants, named JGM 1, had
brachytic growth (compact growth), characterized by erect growth habit, thick and sturdy stem, short internodal and interleaflet
distances and few tertiary and later order branches. It was isolated from M2 derived from seeds treated with 0.6% EMS for 6 h. Segregation analyses in F2 progenies of its crosses with normal chickpea genotypes (JG 315, ICC 4929, and ICC 10301) suggested that a single recessive
gene controlled brachytic growth in JGM 1. This gene was not allelic to the br gene for brachytic growth in spontaneous brachytic mutant E100YM. Thus, the gene for brachytic growth in JGM 1 was designated
br2 and the br gene of E100YM was redesignated br1. Efforts are being made to use JGM 1 in development of a plant type with short internodes and erect growth habit. Such plant
type may resist excessive vegetative growth in high input (irrigation and fertility) conditions and accommodate more plants
per unit area. 相似文献
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M. A. George S. V. Bhide R. J. Thengane G. H. Hosseini J. G. Manjaya 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(2):150-153
Lectin is one of the known antinutritional factors that deteriorate the soybean protein quality and development of cultivars with low lectin content will help to improve nutritional quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Therefore, attempts were made to induce mutations for low lectin content in the cultivar ‘MACS 450’. Soybean cultivar ‘MACS 450’ was subjected to combination treatments of γ‐rays and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) with an objective to induce variability for low lectin content. The treatments of different combinations of γ‐rays and EMS were 50 Gy + 0.2% EMS, 50 Gy + 0.4% EMS, 100 Gy + 0.2% EMS and 100 Gy + 0.4% EMS. Of the 3200 treated M1 seeds sown, 16 400 M2 plants were raised. In M2, 72 plants were identified for low lectin content [<40 × 105 haemagglutination unit (HAU)/mg] and were carried up to M5 generation. In M5 generation, lectin content in ‘MACS 450’ was 39.23 to 50.0 × 105 HAU/mg, and was compared with the nine true breeding lines identified having low lectin content, ranging from 2.3 × 105 to 27.46 × 105 HAU/mg. Three mutants were found to possess very low lectin content (ranging from 2.0 × 105 to 3.0 × 105 HAU/mg). Thus, the identified mutant lines with low lectin content will greatly improve soybean protein quality, thereby reducing financial burden on the soybean industry for processing soybean meal and also making it suitable for human consumption. All the mutants showed normal seed development, having soluble protein content similar or higher than that in the parent (32.0 mg/ml). This indicates that the change in lectin content does not have any negative impact on the plant growth and protein content. 相似文献
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利用EMS化学诱变高粱无融合生殖系的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
使用浓度为0.3%的甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）处理高粱无融合生殖系1094和2083的种子。4叶期将其幼苗移栽至大田试验地。目的是为了研究EMS对2个高粱无融合生殖系的影响,并选择变异株创新种质。结果表明,经过EMS化学诱变处理后,2个高粱无融合生殖系都出现不同程度的变异。M0代田间鉴定得到了株高、穗长、育性及结实率等突变体。两年平均株高、穗长、育性的变异率分别是0.66%、1.03%和1.93%,结实率以30%~40%分布的突变株为最多。因此,该技术在育种实践和理论上具有重要意义。 相似文献
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大豆“南农86-4”突变体筛选及突变体库的构建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用60Co γ射线和甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)分别对“南农86-4”大豆种子进行诱变，并构建大豆突变体库。结果在M3代分别获得40份和145份叶、茎、花、种子、子叶等性状变异的材料。在两种方式诱变的M3代都获得蛋白质和油含量变化的材料，尤其在EMS诱变的M3代中获得47份蛋白质含量比对照高5个百分点以上的材料，5份蛋白质和油总含量比对照高5个百分点以上的材料。这些突变体可以作为新的种质资源，构建的突变体库也有助于大豆功能基因组研究的开展。 相似文献