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1.
为明确不同材料诱虫带对苹果园树干越冬害虫的诱集效果及适宜的绑扎时间、绑扎部位,本研究采用瓦楞纸、聚乙烯珍珠棉、布条等3种诱虫带进行了苹果树干越冬害虫的诱集试验。结果表明,3种诱虫带在苹果树干上共诱集到5目9科的越冬害虫,主要类群为蛾类、螨类、蝽类、象甲、叶蝉等。瓦楞纸诱虫带诱集鳞翅目蛾类幼虫和山楂叶螨的平均诱捕量分别为7.95和11.15头/株,显著高于聚乙烯珍珠棉和布条诱虫带;9月上旬绑扎的瓦楞纸诱虫带诱集数量最多,分别为8.25和12.25头/株;同时,距离苹果第一分枝处越近,诱集数量越多。在诱集茶翅蝽和大灰象甲方面,3种诱虫带之间以及不同绑扎时间和绑扎部位之间均无显著差异。因此苹果树干越冬害虫可通过绑扎瓦楞纸诱虫带诱集,绑扎适期为9月上旬,且距离苹果第一分枝越近诱集效果越好。 相似文献
2.
棉田周缘种植不同品种油菜诱集带增益控害效果初步研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为了明确棉田周缘种植油菜对棉田害虫和益虫的影响,2007年5-6月在新疆莎车县棉田周缘分别种植不同油菜品种‘新油13号’、‘258110’和‘253142’,调查各处理棉田自然天敌和主要害虫发生情况。结果表明,种植油菜诱集带的棉田自然天敌主要种类有食虫蝽、蜘蛛和瓢虫,发生数量分别占天敌总数量的39%、20%和19%。方差分析表明3个品种油菜带棉田天敌总量差异显著,‘253142’处理天敌总量极显著多于‘新油13号’处理和‘258110’处理;不同品种油菜带棉田蚜虫类和叶蝉类害虫总量差异显著,牧草盲蝽总量差异不显著。不同油菜品种对棉花长势的影响没有显著差异。但‘新油13号’与棉花的共生期最长,对棉花长势的潜在影响最大。综合分析认为,‘253142’芥菜型油菜品种可作为棉田诱集带待选品种。 相似文献
3.
不同颜色色板对梨园昆虫的诱集效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为筛选对梨园害虫诱集效果较好的粘虫板,选用黄色、红色、绿色、紫色、蓝色、灰色、白色和黑色8种颜色的粘虫板对梨园内昆虫进行诱集。结果显示,黄色粘虫板的诱集效果最好,诱集害虫种类8科10种,对中国梨木虱和小绿叶蝉的诱集效果较好;其次为绿色粘虫板,诱集昆虫种类7科7种,对中国梨木虱和小绿叶蝉也表现出较好的诱集效果。半翅目昆虫的趋色性较强,诱集数量最多,适合选择色板诱集防治。黄板和绿板对梨园天敌有一定影响,在梨园使用时应适时适量选择性使用。本研究为利用粘虫板在梨园进行害虫防治提供了理论依据。 相似文献
4.
捕蝇笼、物理诱黏剂均能同时诱集到南瓜实蝇和桔小实蝇且效果良好,捕蝇笼对苍蝇类卫生害虫诱集效果也非常好.捕蝇笼间隔距离20m、30m、50m,诱集的桔小实蝇数量均值差异不显著,但诱集的南瓜实蝇数量均值差异显著,以间隔50m距离的诱虫量最大,达每笼48头,显著多于20m距离的诱虫量18.67头,极显著多于30m距离的诱虫量11.89头.物理诱黏瓶间隔距离20m、30m、50m,诱杀的桔小实蝇、南瓜实蝇数量均值差异不显著.捕蝇笼、物理诱黏剂和性诱剂诱杀桔小实蝇的数量均值差异不显著.捕蝇笼诱集南瓜实蝇和其它昆虫的数量及总诱虫量均值明显高于物理诱黏剂,差异达极显著水平.捕蝇笼和物理诱黏剂均可作为实蝇类害虫监测、调查与防治的一项技术措施. 相似文献
5.
为筛选出适宜的槟榔园粘虫板种类, 选择了3种粘板和4种添加物在槟榔园开展了粘虫板对害虫诱集效果研究。结果表明, 黄、蓝、黄蓝混合粘虫板均可诱集到一定量槟榔园害虫, 其中以黄板诱虫效果最佳, 总诱虫量及对蓟马、黑刺粉虱和叶蝉等3种监测害虫的诱集效果均优于蓝板和黄蓝混合板。4种添加物对黄板增效试验结果表明, 添加诱虫烯可显著提高诱虫总量, 添加诱虫烯或蜂蜜水可显著提高对蓟马的诱集量, 添加蜂蜜水可提高叶蝉诱虫量, 各添加物均对黄板诱集黑刺粉虱无增效作用。对蓝板的增效作用结果表明, 供试的4种添加物均可增加蓝板诱虫总量, 其中以诱虫烯和蜂蜜水的效果较好, 且两者之间无显著差异。各添加物中, 仅糖醋液对蓝板诱集叶蝉起到增效作用, 其余添加物对蓝板诱集蓟马、黑刺粉虱及叶蝉无增效作用。 相似文献
6.
7.
诱虫作物在害虫治理中的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
诱虫作物主要从物理特性和化学特性两个方面形成比主栽作物更强的引诱力,使主栽作物得以保护。诱虫作物在生产中主要用来诱集害虫、给天敌提供避难和繁殖场所,其作用效果与诱虫作物的品种、播期和田间管理、害虫行为、对天敌的调控、与其他害虫防治方法的有机配合等有重要关系。采用引诱-排斥多策略相结合的方法,研究利用对害虫同时具有诱集和杀灭作用的植物作为诱虫作物,将大大增强诱虫作物在害虫治理中应用的可行性。 相似文献
8.
在蔬菜大棚对粉虱型(GE)、斑潜蝇型(SE)和复合型(CE)3种植物诱源黄板及不合植物诱源的普通黄板进行了诱虫(粘虫)效果比较研究.结果表明,含植物诱源的黄板诱杀害虫,有很好的增效作用.粉虱型植物诱源黄板的诱虫效果最好,其在黄瓜、茄子、番茄和甜椒上的诱虫效果与普通型黄板间差异显著,诱虫数量分别是普通黄板的3.25,2.75,3.36和2.89倍. 相似文献
9.
10.
运用田间调查和性诱剂诱捕方法,对陕西杨凌地区梨园、桃园的梨小食心虫越冬场所和性诱利诱集的有效距离进行研究。结果表明,自然条件下,梨小食心虫主要以老熟幼虫集中在树干周围0~1.0 m范围内的土壤中越冬,越冬最适深度为0~3.0 cm;在树体上,其越冬主要集中在0~60.0 cm高度的翘皮、裂缝中,且越冬虫量随位置高度增高而减少;不同品种果树上越冬虫量以毛桃树上最多,梨树上最少;树龄越大,管理水平越差,越冬虫量越多。梨小食心虫性诱剂最佳诱集距离为15~20 m,诱集量在梨园中最多。 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
13.
Paul W. J. Taylor Rebecca Ford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):127-133
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection
in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However,
where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas.
Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based
on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences
in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes
is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult
for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs
to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for
each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within
populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes. 相似文献
14.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
15.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
16.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
17.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
18.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina. 相似文献
19.
Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P
arthenium hysterophorus
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下载免费PDF全文 Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season. 相似文献
20.
W. Gams Willeke Van Laar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1982,88(2):39-45
Solacol®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen. 相似文献