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1.
Factors affecting overwintering mortality in the Mediterranean corn stalk borer,Sesamia nonagrioides Lefebvre (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were investigated under field conditions in the southeast Mediterranean region of Turkey.
During two consecutive years larvae and pupae were sampled from December to April in maize plots sown on three different dates.
Field-collected larvae and pupae were reared and the emerged parasitoids were recorded. An effect of sowing date on total
numbers ofS. nonagrioides was found with reduced populations in the early sown plots. Larval parasitism did not significantly affect overwintering
mortality.Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) caused 11% parasitism and was found only in the first year of the study. Pupal parasitoids
were predominantlyIchneumon sarcitorius caucasicus Meyer,Barichneumon sp. andPimpla spuria Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and the parasitism level was 11% in both years of the study. 相似文献
2.
Muñoz L Bosch MP Batllori L Rosell G Bosch D Guerrero A Avilla J 《Pest management science》2011,67(8):956-964
BACKGROUND: Trifluoromethyl ketones (TFMKs), structurally related to the pheromones, are good inhibitors of pheromone communication in insects. To determine their activity on Zeuzera pyrina L. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), a polyphagous pest, the authors have prepared two diunsaturated TFMK analogues of the major (3) and the minor (4) pheromone components, and two monounsaturated ones (5, 6). Their biological activity in electroantennogram (EAG), wind tunnel and field tests is presented. RESULTS: The synthetic strategy to obtain the allylic TFMKs 3 and 5 is based on the reactions of diene 10 and 1‐octadecene with trifluoroacetaldehyde ethyl hemiacetal, followed by Dess–Martin oxidation of the resulting homoallylic trifluoromethyl alcohols. In EAG, topical application of analogues 3 and 4 on male antennae significantly reduced the pheromone response. In the wind tunnel, compound 4 reduced the number of contacts with the pheromone source. In the field, traps baited with mixtures of pheromone and inhibitors captured significantly fewer males than the pheromone alone. CONCLUSION: An efficient synthesis of allylic TFMKs is reported, with good overall yield, regiospecificity and diastereoselectivity. These compounds are good inhibitors of the pheromone in electrophysiology, wind tunnel and field tests. The results show the importance of two unsaturations at positions 2 and 13 of the trifluoroacyl group in the structure of the analogues, the latter being critical for inhibitory activity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
3.
Toshio Nagai 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1983,19(3):291-298
The electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male moths of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) to locally applied pheromone, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, were studied with multiple electrodes. The amplitude of the locally elicited EAG was different depending on the stimulated point and also on the recorded locus, and a gradient in the amplitude was observed along the antennal axis. The locally stimulated region responded as a local negative deflection relative to the resting region, and the response spread from the stimulated point in an asymmetric way, more effectively in the proximal direction than in the distal direction. A possible mechanism of the local EAG spread is discussed. 相似文献
4.
Toshio Nagai 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1985,24(1):32-39
Summation and gradient characteristics of the electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male moths of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilatis) to their pheromone, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, were studied. Direct evidence that the summation of the locally elicited EAGs contribute to the overall response amplitude is presented; if two simultaneously stimulated loci were separated by more than 1 mm, the observed response was the summation of the two independent local EAGs. Configuration of the local EAG response was obtained at various loci of the antenna. It was demonstrated that a gradient in the amplitude of the local EAG exists along the antennal axis and that this gradient has its origin in the epithelial layer of the antenna. Several possible morphological and physiological factors affecting the response characteristics were considered. 相似文献
5.
The effects of (Z)-11-hexadecenyl trifluoromethyl ketone (Z11-16:TFMK) a fluorinated pheromone analogue, on the responses to sex pheromone of the male cabbage armyworm, Mamestra brassicae, have been investigated in an actograph and by electroantennography (EAG). In spite of its structural proximity with the natural pheromone, Z11-16:TFMK was poorly active in EAG, and not active on male behaviour. When permeated in the air, Z11-16:TFMK reversibly inhibited the electroantennographic responses to (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac), the main component of the sex pheromone. In the actograph, the latency of the activation was increased and the intensity of the behavioural activity of males in response to Z11-16:Ac was significantly reduced in the presence of Z11-16:TFMK. These results, along with others previously reported by us, provide new pointers to the possible use of Z11-16:TFMK in pest-control strategies. 相似文献
6.
A survey of corn borer populations in fields of sweet and fodder corn showed thatChilo agamemnon (Bles.) was the main pest of corn in Israel in 1969 and 1970, after which the population size gradually decreased. The population of another pest,Sesamia cretica (Led.), also decreased, probably due to reductions in the sorghum acreage in Israel; the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis (Hb.), was found in very small numbers. On the other hand,Sesamia nonagrioides (Lef.) has gradually increased in number and is now the main pest attacking all corn varieties in Israel. These changes are believed to be due to alterations in agricultural practices — such as irrigation, to changes in the acreage of the host plants, and to the introduction of new varieties. 相似文献
7.
玉米自交系对亚洲玉米螟抗性评价初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在相同田间条件下,用接种方法评价了一些玉米自交系对第一代亚洲玉米螟[Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenee)]的抗性。经鉴定抗螟的有L105、75—242、B75、W59E、404、黄早4、A662、C131A和4004等。它们与感虫自交系比分别减少螟虫幼虫57.8、64.4、55.6、37.8、50.0、71.4、64.3、0和20%,茎蛀孔减少68.3、61.9、55.6、38.1、63.8、57.4、72.3、66.0和47.6%,隧道长度分别减少70.1、77.5、53.2、34.6、71.3、76.6、40.7、77.0和32.9%。茎折、穗和穗柄被害比感虫自交系也明显减轻。 相似文献
8.
Two types of olfactory hairs and three types of olfactory receptor neurons (ORN) have been characterized on the antennae of male Sesamia nonagrioides Lef for the first time. Type A sensilla housed a cell which fired large spikes in response to (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac), the major component of the sex pheromone, and a second cell firing smaller spikes in response to (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald), a minor component of the pheromone blend. Type B sensilla housed one cell firing large spikes to Z11-16:Ac and a cell firing smaller spikes to another minor component of the pheromone blend, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl alcohol (Z11-16:OH). No cell responding to dodecyl acetate, another minor component of the natural extract, was found. Fluorinated ketones were tested as inhibitors of the cell responses to pheromone compounds. The fluorinated derivatives tested, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl trifluoromethyl ketone (Z11-16:TFMK), n-hexadecyl trifluoromethyl ketone (16:TFMK), (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl trifluoromethyl ketone (Z9,E11-14:TFMK), 3-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one (OTFP), (Z)-11-tetradecenyl trifluoromethyl ketone (Z11-11:TFMK) and 1,1-difluoro-(Z)-11-hexadecenyl methyl ketone (Z11-16:DFMK), had no or only weak excitatory effects. However, the neuron responses to the pheromone compounds were significantly decreased in the presence of a constant stimulation with Z11-16:TFMK and the effect was reversible. The latencies of the responses to the acetate and aldehyde cells were significantly increased. The effects were not specific, since Z11-16:TFMK also inhibited the responses of the ORNs of Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. Correspondingly, Z9,E11-14:TFMK, an analogue of the main component of the pheromone of this latter insect, inhibited responses of S nonagrioides ORNs. Implications of these results on the utilization of Z11-16:TFMK as a communication disruptant are discussed. 相似文献
9.
The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), the Mediterranean corn borer (Sesamia nonagrioides) and the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) are the main arthropod pests in European maize production. Practised pest control includes chemical control, biological control and cultural control such as ploughing and crop rotation. A pest control option that is available since 1996 is maize varieties that are genetically engineered (GE) to produce insecticidal compounds. GE maize varieties available today express one or several genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) that target corn borers or corn rootworms. Incentives to growing Bt maize are simplified farm operations, high pest control efficiency, improved grain quality and ecological benefits. Limitations include the risk of resistance evolution in target pest populations, risk of secondary pest outbreaks and increased administration to comply with licence agreements. Growers willing to plant Bt maize in the European Union (EU) often face the problem that authorisation is denied. Only one Bt maize transformation event (MON810) is currently authorised for commercial cultivation, and some national authorities have banned cultivation. Spain is the only EU member state where Bt maize adoption levels are currently delivering farm income gains near full potential levels. In an integrated pest management (IPM) context, Bt maize can be regarded as a preventive (host plant resistance) or a responsive pest control measure. In any case, Bt maize is a highly specific tool that efficiently controls the main pests and allows combination with other preventive or responsive measures to solve other agricultural problems including those with secondary pests. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
10.
为探索鲜食玉米田间主要害虫亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)的绿色防控方法,于2018年－2019年在浙江东阳利用性诱剂对亚洲玉米螟进行了田间种群监测和诱捕效率试验,对7种亚洲玉米螟性信息素诱芯和2种诱捕器进行组合,并测试了诱捕器悬挂高度对诱捕效果的影响。结果表明,7种诱芯对亚洲玉米螟雄蛾均有引诱活性,不同诱捕器和诱芯组合的诱捕效率有显著差异,其中诱芯F、诱芯E、诱芯C分别与船型诱捕器组合及诱芯E与飞蛾诱捕器组合田间诱捕效果较好,两种诱捕器诱蛾总量无显著差异,诱捕器悬挂于1.8 m高度的效果优于1.5 m和1.2 m。田间种群监测结果表明,亚洲玉米螟在5月和9月各有一次比较典型的高峰,性诱剂可有效用于亚洲玉米螟田间种群监测。 相似文献
11.
甘蔗和玉米不同生育时期叶片挥发物组成及其对亚洲玉米螟的电生理活性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究甘蔗和玉米不同生育时期叶片挥发物成分的差异及挥发物对亚洲玉米螟的电生理活性,采用溶剂漂洗法和气相色谱—质谱联用仪（GC-MS）提取、分析了甘蔗（Saccharum officinarum）苗期、甘蔗茎伸长期、玉米（Zea mays）苗期、吐丝期叶片挥发物,并通过触角电位技术测定了亚洲玉米螟对其中24种挥发物的电生理反应。结果表明：甘蔗苗期、玉米苗期分别分离出45种、38种化合物,而甘蔗茎伸长期和玉米吐丝期分别鉴定出44种、42种化合物。甘蔗和玉米不同生育时期挥发物成分存在差异,其中在甘蔗和玉米不同生育时期叶片中均存在的化合物有25种,玉米特有化合物有4种,甘蔗特有化合物有12种。甘蔗和玉米不同生育时期挥发物种类主要包括萜类、绿叶气味、醛类、酮类、酸类、醇类、酯类、酰胺类和烃类,且这些化合物的含量在甘蔗和玉米不同生育时期之间存在着差异,但均以烃类化合物的含量最高。亚洲玉米螟交配雌蛾对检测的24种挥发物均可产生EAG反应,表现出绿叶气味＞萜类和醛类化合物＞酸类和烃类化合物的总体反应趋势,其中以顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯的反应相对值最大（145.91±5.43）;交配雌蛾的反应相对值在同一类化合物（绿叶气味除外）间差异不显著,说明亚洲玉米螟对同一类化合物的嗅觉辨识能力较差。本研究结果为进一步探明植物挥发物对亚洲玉米螟的行为影响奠定了基础。 相似文献
12.
全国玉米螟综合防治研究协作组 《植物保护学报》1988,15(3):145-152
1977—1984年,通过形态鉴定、生殖隔离试验、性信息素活性反应及其化学成份分析等四种方法,明确我国玉米螟优势种是亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenee),而不是欧洲玉米螟O.nubilalis(Hubner)。亚洲玉米螟主要分布在我国东半壁黑龙江至广东的广大地区,是玉米、谷子、高粱等作物的大害虫。欧洲玉米螟分布于新疆(伊宁),为害玉米,并在内蒙古(呼和浩特)、宁夏(永宁)和河北(张家口、芦台)一带与亚洲玉米螟混生(仍以亚洲玉米螟为主),多寄生于苍耳和大麻。 相似文献
13.
Hong-yi Wei 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2004,80(1):12-20
The first, third, and fifth instar larvae of Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were treated with a lethal dose 30% of deltamethrin to determine its sublethal effects on chemical communication of the adult survivors. The capability of all males surviving deltamethrin to contact the pheromone source in a wind tunnel was significantly reduced, but those treated as the first and third instars also exhibited lower percentages of `orientation,' `up-wind flight,' and `approaching' behaviors than the control males. Female moths from the deltamethrin treatment exhibited similar calling periodicity and percentages to the control moths during 10-h scotophase. However, approximately 20% of the females that survived the pyrethroid in the first and third instars contained significantly higher amounts of sex pheromone and wider coefficients of variation of the ratio of E12-tetradecenyl acetate to its Z isomer in those female survivors. There was no significant difference in the pheromone titers and coefficients of variation in control females and the females treated in the fifth instars. The present study indicates that the Asian corn borer may possess a compensation system by which the males that survived treatment at larval stage present a lower response to the pheromone, while the female survivors produce and release more pheromone. 相似文献
14.
Koczor S Szentkirályi F Birkett MA Pickett JA Voigt E Tóth M 《Pest management science》2010,66(12):1374-1379
BACKGROUND: The deployment of synthetic attractants for the manipulation of lacewing populations as aphid predators is currently used in integrated pest management. This study investigates a synthetic bait comprising floral compounds previously found to attract the Chrysoperla carnea complex, and, for the first time, the aphid sex pheromone components (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)‐nepetalactol and (4aS,7S,7aR)‐nepetalactone, in field experiments in Hungary, for their ability to manipulate lacewing populations. RESULTS: The synthetic floral bait attracted both sexes of the Chrysoperla carnea complex, and Chrysopa formosa Brauer showed minimal attraction. The aphid sex pheromone compounds alone attracted males of C. formosa and C. pallens (Rambur). When the two baits were combined, Chrysopa catches were similar to those with aphid sex pheromone baits alone, but carnea complex catches decreased significantly (by 85–88%). CONCLUSION: As the floral bait alone attracted both sexes of the carnea complex, it showed potential to manipulate the location of larval density via altering the site of oviposition. Aphid sex pheromone compounds alone attracted predatory males of Chrysopa spp. and can potentially be used to enhance biological control of aphids. For the carnea complex, however, a combination of both baits is not advantageous because of the decrease in adults attracted. Assumptions of intraguild avoidance underlying this phenomenon are discussed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
15.
16.
甜玉米田玉米螟发生危害及防治措施 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
甜玉米在我国大面积种植历史较短,对甜玉米田亚洲玉米螟发生危害和防治技术研究较少。本文对国内外甜玉米上玉米螟成虫产卵习性、幼虫危害和防治技术研究和应用现状进行了综述,为我国甜玉米田亚洲玉米螟的研究和防治提供参考。 相似文献
17.
玉米内生菌L10的分离、鉴定及拮抗活性 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为获得对玉米茎腐病主要病原菌禾谷镰孢Fusarium graminearum有明显拮抗作用的玉米内生菌,采用平板对峙法从成熟健康玉米茎秆中筛选禾谷镰孢拮抗菌株,并分析其抗菌谱;通过形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列分析进行菌种鉴定;利用盆栽生防试验检测其对玉米茎腐病的防治效果。结果表明,共分离获得了164株玉米内生细菌菌株,其中L10菌株对禾谷镰孢具有较好的抑制效果,抑菌圈半径达1.68 cm;该菌对玉米大斑病菌Setosphaeria turcica、层出镰孢F. proliferatum、禾谷镰孢F. graminearum、拟轮枝镰孢F. verticilliodes、玉米弯孢叶斑病菌Curvularia lunata、玉米小斑病菌Bipolaris maydis、立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani、茄链格孢Alternaria solani共8种植物病原菌均有拮抗作用,尤其对禾谷镰孢抑制效果最佳;结合形态特征、生理生化性质及16S rDNA序列分析,将L10菌株鉴定为多粘类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa。L10菌株脂肽类物质对禾谷镰孢菌具有较好的抑制活性,且盆栽生防试验结果显示该菌株对玉米茎腐病具有一定的防治效果。表明菌株L10对玉米镰孢茎腐病的防治具有一定潜力。 相似文献
18.
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) was introduced recently into Greece and is being cultivated experimentally for the production of liquid biofuel.
A pilot survey was conducted in October 2005 to provide information on the species composition and density of its lepidopterous
stem borers, which appear to cause severe losses in production. The dominant pest in that season wasSesamia nonagrioides Lefebvre, with a mean density of 1.41 larvae per plant. Larvae were sampled from various plant internodes and found to have
a preference for the lower ones. Analysis of variance showed no significant effects on larval density of the irrigation levels
or of the organic — conventional soil fertilization method. A significant negative correlation was found between the body
length ofS. nonagrioides larvae and the internode from which they were retrieved. This is the first published report of sorghum borer pests in Greece.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Feb. 7, 2007. 相似文献
19.
银锭夜蛾Macdunnoughia crassisigna Warren是豆类作物和十字花科蔬菜上重要的食叶性害虫。因其具有暴食性，迁飞性等特点，逐渐成为东北、华北地区重要的农业害虫。由于缺乏有效的绿色防控技术，目前化学农药仍是防控银锭夜蛾有效的方法之一。为提高银锭夜蛾的防治效果，以银锭夜蛾性信息素主要成分顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯（Z7-12：Ac）、顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯（Z9-14：Ac）为母体结构，通过酯化反应得到结构新颖的类似物14个，结构经GC-MS、1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS确证。触角电生理试验（EAG）表明，有11个类似物具有较好的EAG反应。EAG抑制试验发现，类似物4、13和14具有明显的抑制效果。在100 μg剂量下，类似物4对Z7-12：Ac的抑制率达50.2%。风洞试验表明，当添加1500 μg的类似物4时，对银锭夜蛾的干扰尤为显著，没有成虫到达诱芯。田间试验表明，类似物4具有潜在的抑制活性，当添加150、1500 μg的类似物4时，平均诱捕量与性信息素存在显著性差异，抑制率分别为56.90%、59.34%。研究结果有助于揭示性信息素拮抗剂对银锭夜蛾种内化学通讯调控方式，为银锭夜蛾绿色防控技术提供新的思路与手段。 相似文献
20.
采用胸部点滴法研究马拉硫磷、溴氰菊酯在亚致死剂量(100h-LD30)下对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis雌蛾性信息素通讯系统的干扰作用。试验结果表明：①点滴当天雌蛾的求偶百分率分别下降为对照的50％、33％，但求偶高峰期出现的时间未受影响。②点滴这两种药剂后求偶百分率的恢复过程相当缓慢。③亚致死剂量的马拉硫磷使性信息素的量下降1／2左右，亚致死剂量的溴氰菊酯使性信息素量下降为不足对照的1／4，但性信息素顺反异构体比例均不受影响。④马拉硫磷点滴后第4天性信息素量能完全恢复，但溴氰菊酯点滴后，到第4天仍几乎不能恢复。 相似文献