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1.
The susceptibility of 115 apricot cultivars to plum pox potyvirus (PPV) has been examined, since 1981, in the experimental plots of the Pomology Institute at Naoussa and Skydra, Makedonia (GR). Inoculation was assured by aphids, transmitting strain PPV-M (Marcus) from naturally infected trees in adjacent peach orchards. For each cultivar, four to six trees were examined for at least 4 years. Observations on symptoms were made on leaves early in May and on fruits at maturity. Most cultivars expressed severe disease symptoms. Those without symptoms were inoculated by grafting onto heavily infected old apricot trees. The grafted shoots were tested for PPV in the following year by ELISA and on the woody indicator GF305. The cultivars which were rated as resistant after artificial inoculation and ELISA came from North America: Early Orange, Stella, NJA2, Sunglo, Veecot, Harlayne, Goldrich and Henderson. Most of these have been crossed with quality cultivars for the creation of resistant hybrids. The PPV resistance of large numbers of these apricot hybrids is now under investigation.  相似文献   

2.
Recently, plum pox potyvirus (PPV) has been found in Basilicata, southern Italy, on plum, apricot and peach. In 1992-09, we started a large-scale survey to verify the effectiveness of diagnostic methods used during seasons when it is difficult to reveal any presence of the virus. The assays were carried out by dot-blot hybridization on stone-fruit cultivars normally planted in this area. The virus was found, by dot-blot hybridization, to be present in seven cultivars of peach, four of apricot and one of plum. All plants were 8–10 years old and, except for two apricot cultivars, were not displaying any apparent symptoms in spring 1992. Five peach cultivars, intended for use as primary sources of propagation material, were then selected for further study, and assayed in 1992–11 by ELISA and RT-PCR. ELISA tests on these selected peach cultivars were consistently negative, while PCR tests were consistently positive. However ELISA tests gave positive results when repeated in 1993–05. These results not only suggest that primary propagation material should be tested by techniques more sensitive than ELISA, but also question the usefulness of carrying out tests during any phenological phases of the plant.  相似文献   

3.
Plum pox virus detection in dormant plum trees by PCR and ELISA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Adams  Guise  & Crossley 《Plant pathology》1999,48(2):240-244
An immunocapture polymerase chain reaction (IC-PCR) protocol and ELISA were compared for their effectiveness in detecting plum pox virus (PPV) in dormant plum material. Although the IC-PCR was about one thousand times more sensitive than ELISA, PPV was detected by ELISA in 71–80% of bark samples collected in December, January and March 1996/97 from pot-grown rootstock trees inoculated with PPV the previous March, compared with 85–86% detection in the same samples by IC-PCR. In similar samples from one-year-old shoots taken from infected branches of orchard trees, 66–81% were positive by ELISA compared with 81–87% by IC-PCR. With bulked samples taken from the fibrous roots of the pot-grown trees, PPV was detected in 92–100% of samples by IC-PCR in winter compared with only 38–65% by ELISA. These results were confirmed in samples from the roots and shoots of the same trees in 1997/98. Three samples per shoot would have been sufficient to detect PPV by ELISA in 87 of the 88 infected shoots tested during the two winters. However, infected shoots are irregularly distributed in diseased trees and PCR assays of root samples offer the potential for improving the reliability of identifying trees infected with PPV.  相似文献   

4.
When the first foci of sharka were discovered in Puglia region (south-east Italy) in the late 1980s, the regional agricultural authorities launched a programme for Plum pox virus (PPV) monitoring and disease eradication. The infecting virus strain was identified as PPV-D. From 1989 to 1993, a strong eradication campaign was successfully carried out involving 13 plum and 2 apricot orchards with different levels of infection. During 1994–2000, besides plum, apricot and peach, monitoring was extended to sweet cherry. At that time, surveys and testing did not reveal any new PPV focus, but the eradication of infected trees continued in a couple of orchards. In 2001–05, particular attention was paid to peach, as devastating PPV-M outbreaks had developed in other areas of the country. A new PPV focus was found in apricot, caused by PPV-Rec, which was promptly eradicated. In the following two years, surveys in the once infected orchard and surrounding peach plantings did not detect any virus spread. The endeavour has taken 15 years making this PPV monitoring and eradication programme the longest in Italy. Its overall results indicate that the fruit tree industry in Puglia region can now be regarded as essentially PPV-free.  相似文献   

5.
Plum pox potyvirus on sour cherry in Moldova   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) was identified in six cultivars of sour cherry in the collection orchard of the Moldavian Horticultural Research Institute. Study of biological properties of the sour cherry isolate in herbaceous indicators showed its similarity or identity with the PPV isolate of Van Oosten and a significant difference from isolates widespread in Moldova. A purified viral preparation was used to develop antiserum with a working titre of 1:1024. Comparative serological examination of the sour cherry and conventional plum PPV isolates using ELISA, ISEM and SDS-PAGE of the protein capsid could not differentiate these isolates. The sour cherry isolate was transferred to plum resulting in weak but distinctive PPV symptoms in susceptible cv. Sopernitsa.  相似文献   

6.
Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) was introduced into Puglia (IT) a few years ago with infected propagative material coming from nurseries outside the region. Infections were detected in commercial plum and apricot orchards, but not in local nurseries. Extensive surveys were carried out in young apricot, plum and peach orchards to assess the distribution, incidence and spread of PPV infections, with a view to possibly enforcing an eradication programme. Surveys were based on visual inspections of about 300 commercial orchards and nurseries (covering an area of more than 550 ha) in the whole of Puglia, by ELISA and IBM tests, and by biological testing on GF305 of field samples. A total of 23,000 plants were individually checked by ELISA and IEM. The eradication involved 13 plum (35 ha) and 2 apricot (5 ha) orchards showing different levels of PPV infection. Six of the plum plantings showed infection exceeding 30% and were completely uprooted; in the remaining orchards, infection did not exceed 10% and uprooting was limited to infected trees. PPV was never detected in peach. The high incidence of PPV in some plum orchards was due to the heavy initial contamination of propagating material. Secondary virus spread was monitored in apricot orchards and found to occur at a low rate.  相似文献   

7.
J. POL K 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(3):781-782
Breeding for plum cultivars resistant to plum pox potyvirus (PPV) is in progress in the Czech Republic, while projects for apricot and peach have started in 1991. The aim is to create an assortment of apricot and peach cultivars for northern regions of Europe in which PPV is widely distributed.  相似文献   

8.
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9.
All North American plum cultivars investigated in Poland for their reaction to plum pox potyvirus appeared to be susceptible, showing severe symptoms on the leaves. Fruits of cvs Valor and Empress were also heavily damaged. Of the Yugoslav cultivars evaluated, Cacanska Najbolja was most tolerant whereas Cacanska Rodna appeared to be most sensitive to PPV.  相似文献   

10.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Twenty-four stone fruit trees showing typical symptoms of plum pox virus (PPV) were tested for PPV using ELISA, RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR and RT-LAMP. The...  相似文献   

11.
N. MINOIU 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(3):775-780
Of 50 plum cultivars investigated for infection by plum pox potyvirus (PPV), three had the virus in the latent state (Mansan, Twilight and Frontier), 19 showed very slight or slight symptoms on leaves, 16 showed moderate symptoms and 12 severe symptoms. No symptoms were seen on fruits of cvs Diana, Ialomita, Abundance, Silvia, Mont Royal, Red Glow, Locale de Turt, Krikon and Blue Free. Slight symptoms present only on the fruit skin were noted on cvs Gras ameliorat, Seneca, Rosior de Zalau, Prun protuberat, Anna Späth, Early Rivers, LU, Pitestean, Pamiat Timiriazeva, Dunarea Albastra (Blue Danube), Gras romanesc and others. Few plum cultivars had sensitive or very sensitive fruit. Most hybrids obtained in Romania are tolerant in terms of symptoms on fruits. Of the rootstocks, Red Dwarf Myrobalan, Buburuz, Marianna and P. besseyi showed no or very slight symptoms. Plum plantations located close to a PPV infection source for 6–9 years were 13.2–45.5% infected. Trees planted in an infected orchard were up to 74% infected in 6 years.  相似文献   

12.
For the first time, plum pox virus (PPV) has been detected in commercial Japanese apricot (Prunus mume) trees in Tokyo, Japan. These trees had ringspot or mottle on leaves, color breaking of petals and, occasionally, mild ringspots and malformation on fruits. The virus was identified based on the morphology of virus particles, serology, and RT-PCR. The amplified nucleotide fragment shared 100% identity with a partial coat protein gene of PPV-D isolates.  相似文献   

13.
Epidemiology of sharka disease in Spain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
PPV was first detected in Spain in 1984 in Japanese plum ( Prunus salicina Lindl) cv. Red Beaut and spread very quickly to other Japanese and European plums and apricot cultivars but left peach cultivars unaffected. In the years following the detection of PPV, the predominant aphid species visiting Prunus orchards in Mediterranean areas were Aphis gossypii followed by Aphis spiraecola , the latter being the main aphid species found at present. Both species are considered to be the main vectors of PPV in Spanish early Prunus growing areas. Spatial analysis of the spread of PPV-D in Japanese plum and apricot trees confirmed the lack of significant association between immediately adjacent trees. The observed spatial pattern of sharka suggests a lack of movement of PPV-viruliferous aphid vectors to immediately adjacent trees and indicates their preferential movement to trees several tree spaces away. PPV-D is the only type currently present in Spain, with the exception of a PPV-M outbreak that was detected in and successfully eradicated from Aragón in 2002. The short-distance spread of PPV-M infection occurred as far as 12 m along the rows of peach trees. However, PPV-D has not been observed to spread through peach cultivars, despite being grown in the vicinity of heavily infected plots of apricot or Japanese plum trees.  相似文献   

14.
Detection of plum pox virus in Spain   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Until recently, plum pox (sharka) virus (PPV) was never detected in Spain on any of the material analysed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was only in June 1984 that the virus was first detected by two different antiscra in Japanese plum trees ( Prunus salicina ), cv. Red Beaut, showing typical symptoms of the disease. The detection was later confirmed by graft-transmission to GF-305 peach seedlings, and also by immunoelectron microscopy. The PPV was experimentally transmitted from GF-305 to GF-305 by aphids and from GF-305 to herbaceous plants by mechanical inoculation. Thus far (January 1985), PPV has been detected basically in Japanese plum trees in Sevilla, Murcia, Valencia and Castellón, in apricot in Castellón, and in peach trees in Sevilla and Lérida.
De nombreuses analyses par la méthode ELISA n'ont, pendant longtemps, pas permis de détecter le plum pox virus (agent de la sharka) en Espagne. Ce n'est qu'en juin 1984 que la présence du virus a été confirmée, par l'utilisation de deux antiséra différents, chez des pruniers japonais ( Prunus salicina ) cv. Red Beaut qui manifestaient des symptôines typiques de la maladie. La détection a été confirmée par greffage sur des plants du pêcher GF-305, ainsi que par microscopie immuno-électronique. La transmission du PPV de GF-305 à GF-305 a été réalisée à l'aide de pucerons et de GF-305 à des plantes herbacées mécaniquement. A cette date (janvier 1985). le PPV n'a été détecté quc dans des prunicrs japonais dans, les provinces de Sevilla, Murcia, Valencia et Castellón, ainsi que dans des abricotiers en Castellón et dans des pêchers en Sevilla et en Lérida.  相似文献   

15.
Plum pox virus (PPV) causes serious damage in apricots grown in the Czech Republic and other countries where it is present. To study PPV resistance in apricot, three backcrosses between apricot cultivars or selection resistant to PPV and apricot cultivars or selections susceptible to PPV ('LE-3218' × 'Stark Early Orange', 'LE-3241' × 'Vestar' and 'LE-3246' × 'Vestar') were performed. The seedlings were repeatedly inoculated with PPV-M strain by an infected chip. The resistance of the plants was evaluated by visual inspection for symptoms and ELISA in three consecutive growth periods. The Chi-square (χ2) test was used to analyse the data. It was found that two independent dominant complementary genes conditioned PPV resistance in apricot in the case of the backcrosses. The mode of inheritance for resistance to PPV in cv. Harlayne was determined from F1 progenies. Resistance to PPV in 'Harlayne' was controlled by three independent complementary dominant genes. This knowledge will help us in effective planning of apricot breeding programmes.  相似文献   

16.
R. GABOVA 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(3):755-759
In spring and summer 1989, it was established that plum pox potyvirus (PPV) was present in certain peach cultivars in Bulgaria. At the same time, we started to investigate the distribution of PPV in naturally infected 4–5 year-old peach and nectarine cultivars and hybrids in order to optimize PPV detection. Over 160 peach and nectarine cultivars and hybrids were evaluated. In about 40% of the genotypes, typical plum pox symptoms were observed. The latter were estimated and divided into groups depending on their susceptibility to PPV. Observations were made on the population density of seven aphid species established in the peach orchards. Five proved to be vectors of the virus. Myzus persicae was the vector that played the main role in spreading the virus on peach.  相似文献   

17.
M. N METH 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(3):525-536
Plum pox potyvirus (PPV), which first appeared in Bulgaria in 1915, has spread to nearly every European country, and can today also be found in various eastern Mediterranean countries. The pest is of great economic importance especially in some southern and central European countries, causing considerable losses in production of primarily plum, apricot and peach. The extent of losses varies between countries of different climates, depending on cultivars and virus strains. In joint infections with other viruses, PPV provokes synergistic effects, enhancing the economic importance of the pest. Since PPV is transmitted by insects, spread of the virus can be reduced only by eradicating sources of infection and use of virusfree propagating material. Thus introduction of more reliable detection techniques is essential, facilitating mass testing of trees. Close collaboration in studying strain-related problems of PPV and in searching for resistant and tolerant cultivars is similarly important.  相似文献   

18.
Hosts and symptoms of Plum pox virus: fruiting Prunus species   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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19.
In July 2014, leaves showing symptoms of a viral infection were collected from a plum tree serving as a mother tree in a Finnish nursery and found to be infected by Plum pox virus (PPV). A subsequent survey revealed additional infected trees originating from the infected mother tree. This paper provides the first report of PPV, the causal agent of the most destructive viral disease of Prunus, in Finland.  相似文献   

20.
Sharka disease, caused by plum pox virus (PPV), is the most serious viral disease of stone fruit trees. Among the eight known strains of the virus, PPV-D is the most important due to its recent global spread. Although enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most common approach for diagnosing sharka, it involves time-consuming steps and requires expensive equipment and trained technicians. In this study, an on-site PPV detection kit based on immunochromatography was developed using polyclonal antibodies against the coat protein (CP) of a PPV-D isolate. The immunochromatographic (IC) assay kit was as sensitive as a commercial ELISA system for detecting Japanese PPV-D isolates. Moreover, it was easy to use (a one-step procedure), and results could be obtained on-site within 15 min without special laboratory equipment. The IC assay kit detected the virus from every aerial part of symptomatic Japanese apricot trees. In a detailed study of viral localization in leaves, the most suitable plant parts for use in the IC assay were symptomatic mesophyll tissues and the region from the petiole to the main vein. A positive reaction was also observed using the CP of other major (PPV-M and PPV-Rec) and minor (PPV-EA, PPV-W, and PPV-T) strains.  相似文献   

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